ESTUDOS ARQUEOLÓGICOS DE OEIRAS Volume 23 • 2016 /2017 A RUI BOAVENTURA HOMENAGEM À SUA MEMÓRIA Editores Científicos: João Luís Cardoso e Rui Mataloto CÂMARA MUNICIPAL DE OEIRAS 2016 / 2017 Estudos Arqueológicos de Oeiras é uma revista de periodicidade anual, publicada em continuidade desde 1991, que privilegia, exceptuando números temáticos de abrangência nacional e internacional, a publicação de estudos de arqueologia da Estremadura em geral e do concelho de Oeiras em particular. Possui um Conselho Assessor do Editor Científico, assim constituído: – Dr. Luís Raposo (Museu Nacional de Arqueologia, Lisboa) – Professor Doutor Nuno Bicho (Universidade do Algarve) – Professor Doutor João Zilhão (Universidade de Barcelona e ICREA) – Doutora Laure Salanova (CNRS, Paris) – Professor Doutor Martín Almagro Gorbea (Universidade Complutense de Madrid) – Professor Doutor Rui Morais (Universidade do Minho) ESTUDOS ARQUEOLÓGICOS DE OEIRAS Volume 23 • 2016/2017 ISSN: 0872-6086 E DITOR E S CI E NTÍFI C OS D E ST E VOLUM E – João Luís Cardoso e Rui Mataloto DE S E NHO E FOTOGRAFIA – Autores ou fontes assinaladas PRODUÇÃO – Gabinete de Comunicação / CMO CORR E S P ONDÊN C IA – Centro de Estudos Arqueológicos do Concelho de Oeiras Fábrica da Pólvora de Barcarena Estrada das Fontainhas 2745-615 BARCARENA Os artigos publicados são da exclusiva responsabilidade dos Autores. Aceita-se permuta On prie l’échange Exchange wanted Tauschverkhr erwunscht ORI E NTAÇÃO GRÁFI C A E Rev ISÃO D E PRO V AS – João Luís Cardoso e Autores PAGINAÇÃO – M. Fernandes IM P R E SSÃO E AC ABAM E NTO – Graficamares, Lda. - Amares - Tel. 253 992 735 Dep ÓSITO LE GAL : 97312/96 ÍNDICE GERAL / CONTENTS PAULO VISTAS Prefácio Foreword . 9 JOÃO LUÍS Cardoso & Rui Mataloto Apresentação Presentation................................................................................. 11 Rui Mataloto & JOÃO LUÍS Cardoso Rui Boaventura (1971-2016), apontamento biográfico e bibliografia Rui Boaventura (1971-2016), biographical note and bibliography . 13 Rui Mataloto, Marco António Andrade & AndrÉ Pereira O Megalitismo das pequenas antas: novos dados para um velho problema The Megalithism of small dolmens: new data to an old problem........................................ 33 Andrea Martins Entre o Atlântico e o Maciço Calcário Estremenho: a arte rupestre da Estremadura Between the Atlantic and the Maciço Calcário Estremenho: the rock art of Estremadura .................. 157 António Carlos Valera & Lino AndrÉ Aspectos da interacção transregional na Pré-história Recente do Sudoeste Peninsular: interrogando as conchas e moluscos nos Perdigões Views on the transregional interaction in Iberian Southwest Recent Prehistory: questioning the shells and molluscs from Perdigões . 189 Ana Maria Silva & Maria Teresa Ferreira Perscrutando espólios antigos 5: Contributo da análise dos restos ósseos humanos Examining old remains 5: the contribution of the study of human bones . 219 JOÃO LUÍS Cardoso & Filipe Martins O povoado pré-histórico do Outeiro Redondo (Sesimbra): Resultados das campanhas de escavação de 2013 e 2014 The chalcolithic fortified settlement of Outeiro Redondo (Sesimbra): Results of 2013 and 2014 field seasons ........................................................ 233 5 JOÃO LUÍS Cardoso Correspondência epistolar remetida por eminentes pré-historiadores espanhóis ou que trabalharam essencialmente em Espanha a José Leite de Vasconcelos (1853-1941) Correspondence sent by eminent Spanish pre-historians or who worked mainly in Spain to José Leite de Vasconcelos (1853-1941) ...................................................... 393 Ana Catarina Sousa Os tempos do Neolítico na região de Lisboa: o povoamento Times in the Neolithic from the region of Lisbon: the settlements . 459 Dirk Brandherm, MichAł Krueger & JOãO LuíS Cardoso um novo método para a datação absoluta de ossos humanos cremados: a cabana 2 do Monte de São Domingos (Malpica do Tejo, Portugal) A new method for the absolute dating of cremated human bones: hut 2 at Monte de São Domingos (Malpica do Tejo, Portugal) . 519 JOÃO LUÍS Cardoso A ocupação do Bronze Final do Centro Histórico de Oeiras. Os materiais da Rua das Alcássimas Late Bronze materials recovered in the Historic Center of Oeiras. The artifacts of Rua das Alcássimas . 531 CENTRO DE ESTUDOS ARQUEOLÓGICOS DO CONCELHO DE OEIRAS Relatório das actividades desenvolvidas em 2016 Report on activities carried out in 2016 . 555 6 Estudos Arqueológicos de Oeiras 23, Oeiras, Câmara Municipal, 2016 / 2017, p. 33-156 ISSN: 0872-6086 O MEGALITISMO DAS PEQUENAS ANTAS: NOVOS DADOS PARA UM VELHO PROBLEMA THE MEGALITHISM OF SMALL DOLMENS: NEW DATA TO AN OLD PROBLEM Rui Mataloto1, Marco António Andrade2 & André Pereira3 Abstract The study of the megalithic phenomenon practically follows the development of Archeology as a Science, since the mid-19th century. During this time, one can recognize several stages of analysis, from the first normative readings, that consider this phenomenon as an univocal episode (explaining its different nuances by essentially contemporary cultural factors) to the formulation of the first evolutionary sequences, mainly by Manuel heleno based on his field works of almost a decade in megalithic monuments in Alentejo. These evolutionary diagrams, conditioned by the historical-culturalist thinking of their Time, result in linear, overly simplistic explanations for a theme as intricate as the origin and development of Megalithism. Basically they advocate, in general lines, a sequential evolution from simple to complex, with the universal, reductionist “shelving” of architectures and votive sets. The basic lines of this approach have remained in use until quite recently. New analyzes, mainly drawn since the 1980s, have presented alternative readings. Some plead for the total reversal of the simple – complex evolutionary sequence, almost like an “involution”; others consent the contemporaneity of several architectural solutions, admitting the cultural and chronological coexistence of simple and complex monuments. The works conducted by Rui Boaventura, mainly dedicated to the Megalithism of Alentejo and the Portuguese Estremadura, sought to order, filter and compile all the available information, as means to provide solid bases of analysis, grounded on critical readings and on the non-biased evaluation of data. In this regard, and as strictly as it was permitted, Rui Boaventura sought to characterize and define the key issue in the study of Megalithism: its actual origins and its various evolutionary levels. In this task, he recognizes the fallibility of linear readings and substantiates his analyses unconditionally on what data demonstrate, in terms of architectures, votive sets and absolute chronologies (preferentially on human samples). In this paper, the authors intend to present a series of small simple megalithic monuments, excavated in collaboration with Rui Boaventura in the areas of Redondo and Monforte, under the projects he directed (COMONPH and MEGAGEO). These are small megalithic monuments, with simple artefactual sets and simple architectural features, of the type that is traditionally assumed to be the representative of a first moment of Megalithism. With an exclusive focus in the Southwestern Iberia, the authors seek to insert these monuments, with all the questions they raise, into the chrono-cultural levels of the megalithic phenomenon in this region, trying as well to define their evolutionary sequences, with regard to the architectural features of monuments, their funerary contents and available absolute dates. It is acknowledged that, taking into account the currently available data, a simple evolution scheme could not be so applicable to the reality under consideration: even if one can accept that a substitution of architectural models had occurred, it would not have been as linear nor as chronologically detailed as normally assumed. In fact, rather than this instantaneous substitution, it seems that a gradual replacement, considerably expanded in Time, of simple monuments by complex monuments takes place, with the coexistence of tombs with various 1 Município do Redondo. [email protected]; [email protected]. 2 Uniarq: Centro de Arqueologia da universidade de Lisboa. Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia. [email protected]. 3 Uniarq: Centro de Arqueologia da universidade de Lisboa. [email protected] 33 architectural features still during a full moment of the 4th millennium BCE. In this scope, one must also consider the funerary uses of natural caves and artificial caves, apparently contemporary and culturally comparable, according to the generic characteristics of the votive sets. Megalithism is thus a multi-faceted phenomenon, balanced by its own dynamics. Most of the ideas presented herein were widely discussed with Rui Boaventura, and the authors sought to remain faithful to his line of reasoning, which, in general terms (with the elementary personal nuances, of course), they shared. Keywords: Architecture, Chronology, Complex, Megalithism, Simple. “Change is one thing. Acceptance is another.” “It is curious how sometimes the memory of death lives on for so much longer than the memory of the life that is purloined.” “Little events, ordinary things, smashed and reconstituted. Suddenly, they become the bleached bones of a story.” ARUNDHATI ROY , The God of Small Things, 1997 RUI MATALOTO Rui Boaventura e o Megalitismo do nosso contentamento Este texto acaba por ser o corolário de um percurso de estudo e