Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-49427-4 — East Africa after Liberation Jonathan Fisher Index More Information Index Abadi Zemo: 81 Andebrhan Welde Giorgis: 67, Abay Tsehaye: 86, 254 249–50 Abiy Ahmed: 256, 276–77, 286–87 Angola: 178–80, 182, 211, 285 Adissu Legesse: 255 Aregawi Berhe: 64, 68, 85, 93 African National Congress (ANC): 40, 100 Banda, Hastings Kamuzu: 158 African Union (AU): 18, 253 (See also Bashir, Omar al-: 126, 150–55 Organisation of African Unity Benin: 158 (OAU)) Berhane Gebre-Christos: 59 African Union Mission in Somalia Besigye, Kizza: 71, 112, 227, 237, (AMISOM): 222, 224, 227, 259–60 284 challenges Museveni: 236, 238–41, African Union Mission in Somalia 265–67 (AMISOM): See African Union Binaisa, Godrey: 58 (AU) bin Laden, Osama: 151, 219 Albright, Madeleine: 153, 173 Bizimungu, Pasteur: 59, 236, 252 Alemseged Gebreamlak: 253–54 criticism and removal of: 244–46 Ali, Moses: 146 Burundi: 127, 169, 209 Al-Ittihad-Al-Islamiya (AIAI): 137 Alliance of Democratic Forces for the Chalker, Lynda: 226 Liberation of Congo-Zaïre China (People’s Republic of ): 20, (AFDL): 38 281 collapse of relations with Uganda/ Clay, Sir Edward: 155 Rwanda (1997-1998): 179–81 Clinton, Bill: 153 and ‘First Congo War’ (1996-1997): Clinton, Hillary: 153 158–59, 178–79 Cohen, Herman: 117, 121 formation of: 178 support from regional liberation Debretsion Gebremichael: 256 governments: 38, 156, 158–59 Democratic Party (Uganda): 103 Allied Democratic Forces (ADF): Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC): 163 11, 15, 171 (See Zaïre for pre- Al Qaeda: 218–20 1996 period) Amhara National Democratic ‘Second Congo War’ (1998–2003): Movement (ANDM): 171, 181–82, 187, 211 2001 TPLF split: 255–56 Derg regime (1974–1987): 47 2018 EPRDF leadership election: counter-insurgency tactics of: 51–52, 286–87 78–79, 81, 87 formation of 62–63, 92 fall of: 99, 198 (Idi) Amin regime: 44, 103 Djibouti: 2, 185, 225 abuses of: 55 Dusaidi, Claude: 60 312 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-49427-4 — East Africa after Liberation Jonathan Fisher Index More Information Index 313 East African Community (EAC): 209, and China/Maoism: 49 222 civilian departments of: 70 Egal, Mohamed Ibrahim: 136 consolidation of EPRDF position in Eritrea: Addis Ababa (1991): 114 1993 soldiers’ protests in: 249 diaspora membership: 60–61 conducting research in: 24–29 and Djibouti: 185 and ‘First Congo War’ (1996-1997): educational background of: 5, 41–42, 158–59 59–60 and ‘Global War on Terror’: 218–20, and ELF: 93–95 228–31 and Eritrean independence: 52, 86, governance/statebuilding under 120–23 EPLF/PFDJ: 230–31, 270, 281, Eritrean People’s Revolutionary 287 Party: 68 history of statehood and politics in and fall of the Derg: 99 (pre-1991): 14, 66 formation of: 93–95 ideological agenda of: 40–57 internal discipline: 65–68 independence of (1993): 2, 120–23 manqa crisis (1973-1974): 94–95, (use of ) lobbyists: 228–29 249 relations with (Western) aid donors: militarised culture of: 68–71, 217–20, 225–26, 228–31 184–85 relations with Ethiopia (post-1998): military tactics of: 97 214–18, 267–69, 276–78 and OLF: 116–18 relations with post-1994 Rwanda: and pan-Africanism: 50, 129–30, 150, 218, 220–22 150–56 relations with Somalia: 277–78 TPLF perspectives on military tactics: relations with Sudan: 150–55, 96 161–70 post-victory statebuilding: 102–3, relations with Uganda: 218, 220–22 120, 184–85, 230–31 support to AFDL: 38, 156, 158–59 wartime experience: 89–90 support for (US-led) Iraq War (2003): wartime governance mechanisms: 229 83–84 support to SPLM/A: 38, 150–56, wartime mobilisation strategies: 161–70 83–84 trade negotiations with Ethiopia: wartime political education: 56 123, 202–5 wartime relationship with TPLF: 2, 5, war with Ethiopia (1998-2000): 187, 85–88, 198 193, 195–96, 198–206 1985-1988 split: 87–88, 267 border discussions with Ethiopia: wartime support from diaspora: 199–202 81–82 Rwandan/US mediation of: 196, wartime support from humanitarian 218 agencies: 81 Eritrean Liberation Front (ELF): 49 wartime support from non-African and EPLF: 93–95 states: 79–80 wartime relationship with TPLF: wartime support from Somalia: 85–86, 199 79 Eritrean People’s Liberation Front wartime support from Sudan: 78–79, (EPLF): 2 (See also People’s 151 Front for Democracy and Justice and USSR: 48–49 (PFDJ) for period since 1994) and Yemen: 164, 268 1993 soldiers’ protests: 249 Eritrean Relief Agency (ERA): 81 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-49427-4 — East Africa after Liberation Jonathan Fisher Index More Information 314 Index Ethiopia: Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary 2002 Foreign Affairs and National Democratic Front (EPRDF): 2 Security Policy and Strategy: 224 (See also Tigrayan People’s conducting research in: 24–29 Liberation Front (TPLF), and the ‘developmental state’: Amhara National Democratic 220–21, 281–82 Movement (ANDM), Oromo ethnic federalism in: 118–19 People’s Democratic and ‘First Congo War’ (1996-1997): Organisation (OPDO), Southern 158–59 Ethiopian People’s Democratic and ‘Global War on Terror’: 218–22, Movement (SEPDM)) 228–31 2001 TPLF split: 255–57 (See governance/statebuilding under Tigrayan People’s Liberation EPRDF: 230–31, 270, 287 Front (TPLF) for internal TPLF history of statehood and politics in dynamics) (pre-1991): 14, 46–47, 66 2018 leadership election: 256, 286–87 intervention in Somalia (2006-): 222, coalition, and breakdown of relations, 225, 282 with OLF: 103, 115–18 (use of ) lobbyists: 228–29 consolidation of power (1991-1992): relations with (Western) aid donors: 114–19 217–20, 225–26, 228–31, 257 and Eritrean independence: 120–23 relations with Eritrea (post-1998): and fall of the Derg: 99 214–18, 267–69, 277–78 formation of: 62–63, 92 relations with Rwanda: 218, 220–22 nomenclature: 13 relations with Somalia (pre-1991): and pan-Africanism: 129–30, 131 150–56, 160 relations with Somalia (post-1991): and peace with Eritrea (2018): 277 131–33, 136–38, 184, 277–78, perspectives on Somalia: 131–33 280 post-victory statebuilding: 101, relations with Somaliland: 133–36 104–5, 230–31 relations with Sudan: 150–55, and Somalia: 136–38 161–70, 222 and Somaliland/SNM: 133–36 relations with Uganda: 218, 220–22, and SPLM/A: 129, 282 282 war with Eritrea (1998-2000): support to AFDL: 38, 156, 158–59 198–206 support for US-led Iraq War (2003): Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Party 229 (EPRP): 53, 92 support to SPLM/A: 38, 129, 150–56, 166–67 Foreign and Commonwealth Office trade negotiations with Eritrea: 123, (FCO): 29 202–5 Forum for Democratic Change (FDC): war with Eritrea (1998-2000): 187, 240, 265 193, 195–96, 198–206 France: 144, 175 border discussions with Eritrea: Frente de Libertação de Moçambique 199–202 (FRELIMO): 38, 40, 88 Rwandan/US mediation of: 196, Friedrich Ebert Stiftung: 30 218, 257 Front for National Salvation Ethiopian People’s Democratic (FRONASA): 40, 85 Movement (EPDM) (See Amhara National Democratic Gadaffi, Moammar: 78 Movement (ANDM) Gahima, Gerald: 245–46 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-49427-4 — East Africa after Liberation Jonathan Fisher Index More Information Index 315 Garang, John: 24, 152–53, 163 and ‘Second Congo War’: 187 relationship with Yoweri Museveni: wartime residence in Mogadishu: 79, 124–25, 170 131, 268 Gebru Asrat: 52, 254, 262 Ghana: 158 Kabarebe, James: 85, 159, 178–79, Ghidey Zeratsion: 64, 68 181, 215, 252, 283 Kisangani clashes with Uganda: Habré, Hissène: 111 212–13 Habyarimana, Juvenal: 45–46, 148, Kabila, Laurent-Désiré: 159, 178, 244, 279 180–82, 196, 210 relationship with Yoweri Museveni: Kagame, Jeanette: 274 112, 141–44 Kagame, Paul: 41, 168, 207, 235 Hailemariam Desalegn: 286 2003 Rwandan election: 236–37 Haile Menkerios: 159, 178, 180, and breakdown of relations with 247 Uganda: 215–16, 266, 273–76 Haile Selassie I (Emperor of Ethiopia): lobbying of UK: 226–28 46–47 and the ‘developmental state’: Haile Woldense: 49, 60, 247, 250, 220–21, 281–82 269 education: 60 Houdek, Robert: 120–21 intelligence role within NRM/post- Hussein, Abdel Majid: 137 1986 Uganda: 67, 69, 84–85, 142, 144, 147, 207 Ilunga, Emile: 212 internal leadership challenge within Intergovernmental Authority on RPF (1998-2000): 234, 242–46, Development (IGAD): 18, 209, 251–53, 259, 264 283–84 relationship with Pasteur Bizimungu: archives of: 29 59 Iran: 20 relationship with Isaias Afwerki: Iraq War (2003): 229 150 Isaias Afwerki: 122, 162, 168, relationship with Laurent-Désiré 220, 228, 231, 235, Kabila: 210 237 relationship with Yoweri Museveni: 2001 PFDJ crisis: 234, 242–44, 208, 273–76 246–51, 269 reputation for ruthlessness: 67–68 ancestry: 59 as wartime leader of RPF: 97 and China: 49 as wartime political education education: 60 instructor: 56 and EPLF manqa crisis (1973-1974): Kainerugaba, Muhoozi: 259, 274 95 Kaka, Sam: 85 and Eritrea-Ethiopia war (1998- Kanyarengwe, Alexis: 59, 61 2000): 206 Karake, Karenzi: 85, 207 and ‘First Congo War’: 177 Karegeya, Patrick: 85, 207, 245–46, relationship with Paul Kagame: 252–53 150 Kategaya, Eriya: 208, 258 relationship with Meles Zenawi: 115, education: 41, 60 199, 201–5, 268 and Museveni’s third term bid: 239–41 relationship with post-Meles TPLF: Kayibanda, Grégoire: 45–46 276–77 Kayihura, Kale: 275 personality/reputation of: 67, 199, Kayiira, Andrew: 91 206 Kayizali, Cesar: 60, 178–79 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-49427-4