Job Name:2178063 Date:15-03-06 PDF Page:2178063pbc.p1.pdf Color: Cyan Magenta Yellow Black RULING COMMUNIST PARTIES AND DETENTE RULING COMMUNIST PARTIES AND DETENTE A Documentary History Jeffrey Simon American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research Washington, D. C. Distributed to the Trade by National Book Network, 15200 NBN Way, Blue Ridge Summit, PA 17214. To order call toll free 1-800-462-6420 or 1-717-794-3800. For all other inquiries please contact the AEI Press, 1150 Seventeenth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036 or call 1-800-862-5801. Jeffrey Simon is assistant professor of government at Georgetown University. ISBN 0-8447-3181-1 (paper) ISBN 0-8447-3182-X (cloth) Foreign Affairs Study No. 25, September 1975 Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 75-21854 © 1975 by American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, Washington, D. C. Permission to quote from or to reproduce materials in this publication is granted when due acknowledgment is made. Printed in the United States of America Names are much more persistent than the functions upon which they were originally bestowed ... institutions constantly undergo essential alterations of character, whilst retaining the names conferred upon them in their first estate. Woodrow Wilson Congressional Government, 1885 . a continuous misinterpretation of basic concepts is visible and extremely dangerous within the fast-moving social and political sciences which are especially affected by the time lag between ideological perception and historical reality. A heritage of a quarter of a century's standing is often used. In a time of transition such a situation may be deadly. Sigmund Neumann Permanent Revolution, 1942 CONTENTS PREFACE Part One: The Documents in Context 1 ANALYSIS OF SELECTED DOCUMENTS OF RULING COMMUNIST PARTIES 3 Bipolarity in Decline 3 The Advent of Indeterminacy 15 A Survey of the Documents 33 The Soviet Union and Recent Detente Developments 60 The Future 62 Part Two: The Documents 2 GROUP ONE 69 Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Excerpts from the Report of the CC CPSU to the Twenty-third Congress of the CPSU (delivered 29 March 1966) 69 Excerpts from the Main Report of the Conference of Communist and Workers' Parties (adopted 17 June 1969) 88 Excerpts from the Report of the CC CPSU to the Twenty-fourth Congress of the CPSU (delivered 30 March 1971) 110 Excerpts from "By the Leninist Course of Peace and Socialism" (Pravda, 29 April 1973) 129 Bulgaria Excerpts from the Report of the CC BCP to the Tenth Congress of the BCP (delivered 20 April 1971) 135 Czechoslovakia Excerpts from the Report of the CC CzCP to the Fourteenth Congress of the CzCP (delivered 25 May 1971) 146 Mongolia Excerpts from the Report of the CC MWP to the Sixteenth Congress of the MWP (delivered 7 June 1971) 152 German Democratic Republic (East Germany) Excerpts from the Report of the CC SED to the Eighth Congress of the SED (delivered 15 June 1971) 161 Poland Excerpts from the Program Report of the Political Bureau for the Sixth PUWP Congress (delivered 6 December 1971) 172 Hungary Excerpts from the Report to the Tenth Hungarian Party Congress (delivered 25 November 1970) 181 3 GROUP TWO 186 Yugoslavia Excerpts from the Report of the CC LCY to the Eighth Party Congress (delivered 7 December 1964) 186 Excerpts from the Report of the CC LCY to the Ninth Party Congress (delivered 11 March 1969) 203 Excerpts from the Report of the CC LCY to the Tenth Party Congress (delivered 27 May 1974) 217 Romania Excerpts from the Report of the CC Rep to the Tenth Party Congress (delivered August 1969) 228 Excerpts from the Report of the CC RCP to the Eleventh Party Congress (delivered 25 November 1974) 239 4 GROUP THREE 258 People's Republic of China Excerpts from the Report of the CC CCP to the Ninth Party Congress (delivered 1 April 1969) 258 Excerpts from the Report of the CC CCP to the Tenth Party Congress (delivered 24 August 1973) 267 Albania Excerpts from the Report of the CC AWP to the Sixth Party Congress (delivered 1 November 1971) 279 North Korea Excerpts from the Report of the CC KWP to the Fifth Party Congress (delivered 2 November 1970) 295 Cuba Excerpts from a Speech to the Fourth Conference of Nonaligned Nations (Algiers) (delivered 7 September 1973) 308 PREFACE This book is meant for two kinds of readers, college students who will read it in conjunction with their work in the general field of comparative politics or the relatively new field of comparative com­ munism, and general readers who are concerned about the course of the American policy of detente with the leading powers of the Com­ munist world. In comparison to things as they were during the cold war period, recent events on the international stage seem to be at times confusing, if not contradictory. This book presents, in documentary form, the responses of the ruling Communist parties (CPs) to the changing international climate so that the reader can compare the world views of the ruling CPs with those of the West, determine whether detente has the same meaning for the ruling CPs as it does for the United States, and evaluate the future prospects for detente. My approach to the study of comparative Communist foreign policy focuses on a special practice among the ruling CPs. In Communist countries, top political leaders make periodic reports to the highest party and state bodies. In the case of the party, the report is generally presented to the party congress on behalf of the central committee (CC). It usually reviews developments since the previous report, assesses the current situation, and identifies new problems and policies. Usually the report is presented in two parts, with a dis­ cussion of the international situation followed by plans for internal development. The documents in this book, in the main, are taken from the most recent key reports of the top party leaders of thirteen of the fourteen ruling Communist parties, the exception being North Viet­ nam. (It is still too early to make an accurate evaluation of the likely foreign policy positions of the new ruling Communist parties in Southeast Asia.) The documents are grouped according to the substantive world views and/or sets of procedures for coordinating group policy of the ruling CPs. There are three such groups, and I have included a chronological series of documents for the leading CP of each of them. For the Soviet Union, which dominates in what I have labeled Group I, I have included documents from 1966 to 1973; for Yugoslavia, the leader of Group II, I have included documents from 1964 to 1974; and for the People's Republic of China, pre­ eminent in Group III, there are documents from the period 1969­ 1973. For reasons which will become clear at a later point, I have also included multiple documents for Romania in Group II. Cuba has not developed any clear commitment to the policies of anyone group, but for the sake of convenience, the sole Cuban document included here appears with the Group III papers. Only the foreign policy sections of the reports are presented here. Reports to party congresses are highly authoritative statements of party position. Very often, the party leader himself has a hand in authoring these reports, and they may be compared with the inaugural address or state of the union message of an American President. Generally, a report is approved or its main points are incorporated in a resolution adopted by the party congress to which it is delivered. The report is not intended for the general public, although many of its pronouncements subsequently become the basis of material for mass consumption. The main purpose of the report is to inform middle­ level leaders about the position of the nation in the world. It is also often used as a device for communicating with foreign leaders through open channels. The chief advantages in approaching the study of ruling-CP policy through these reports are that (1) the reports are authoritative, (2) they demonstrate the entire range of differing views found among the ruling CPs, and (3) they are readily adaptable to comparative analysis. Nevertheless, there are some disadvantages, and a few caveats are in order. First, although these reports are authoritative, they are not necessarily comprehensive. They do not discuss all of the international problems faced by the respective party leaderships, and for a more complete picture, it is often necessary to resort to supplementary sources. Second, as political statements, the contents of these reports cannot always be accepted at face value. Often the true implication of the evolving policy statements must be searched out behind an outer shell of party rhetoric. A further word of caution is necessary regarding the unevenness in the quality of the translations of the various reports. Many lan­ guage groups are represented among the fourteen ruling CPs. While the Slavic predominates, there are also Romance (Romania and Cuba), Teutonic (East Germany), and Finno-Ugric (Hungary and Mongolia) languages, as well as the Asiatic tongues of Chinese, Korean, and Vietnamese. The ability to translate, let alone to develop a sensitivity to nuance in these various languages, is far beyond the capacity of anyone scholar. In light of this, wherever possible, translations in this collection have been taken from official CP sources, though these vary considerably in quality. The Soviet Union, Yugoslavia, Romania, and China generally provide translations of reliable quality. On the other hand, official translations produced by such states as Albania, Mongolia, North Korea, and Hungary are of extremely poor quality or are not made available at all.