Documm mgson! ED 174 412 SE 027 981 TITLE Biomedical Science, Unit I: Respiration inHealth and Medicine. Respiratory Anatomy, Physiology and Pathology; The Behavior of Gases;Introductory Chemistry; and Air Pollution. Laboratory Manual. Revised Version, 1975. INSTITUTION Biomedical Interdisciplinary Curriculum Project, Berkeley, Calif. SPONS AGENCY National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C. PUB DATE 75 NOTE 181p.; For related documents, see SE 027978-999 and SE 028 510-516; Not available in hard copydue to copyright restrictions EDRS PRICE MF01 Plus Postage. PC Not Available from EDRS. DESCRIpTCRS Chemistry; Environment; Health; *HealthEducation; Higher Education; *Laboratory ExFeriments; *Laboratory Techniques; *Laboratory Training;Medical Education; Pathology; Physics; *Physiology;*Science Education; Secondary Education IDENTIFIERS *Respiration ABSTItACT Designed to accompany the student text on respiration, this manual presents instructions on the use of labcra tcry equipment and presents various experimentsdealing with the concepts presented in the text. Thirty=nine laboratoryactivities ' are de scribed. Laboratory activities are dividedinto several parts, each Part covering a specific experiment dealing with the concept covered by the activity. Each experimentincludes a description of materials, procedures, and discurision questions. (RE) ********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the bestthat can be made from the original document. 4********************M414141#***********4141*****4141***********41#********4 "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL IN MICROFICHE ONLY HAS BEEN GRANTED BY Mary L.Char l es TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) AND USERS OF THE ERIC SYSTEM." U.S. OEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. EOUCATION &WELFARE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION THis DOCUMENT HAS BEENREPRO- DUCE() EXACTLY AS RECEIVEDF ROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATIONORIGIN- ATING IT POINTS OF VIEW OROPINIONS STATED 00 NOT NECESSARILYREPRE- SENT OFFICIAL NATIONALINSTITUTE OF EOUCATION POSITION OR POLICY BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE UNIT I RESPIRATION IN HEALTH AND MEDICINE RESPIRATORY ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGYAND PATHOLOGY; THE BEHAVIOR OF GASES; INTRODUCTORY CHEMISTRY;AND AIR POLLUTION LABORATORY MANUAL REVISED VERSION, 1975 THE BIOMEDICAL INTERDISCIPLINARY CURRICULUM PROJECT SUPPORTED BY THE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed herein are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. Copyright 0 California Committee on Regional Medical Programs, 1975 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LABORATORY ACTIVITY 2: Care and Feeding of the Laboratory Balance . 1 LABORATORY ACTIVITY 3: Volumetric Measurements 8 LABORATORY ACTIVITY 4: Density 14 LABORATORY ACTIVITY 5: New Ways to Determine Volume 17 LABORATORY ACTIVITY 6: The Use of Thermometers 20 LABORATORY ACTIVITY 7: Using Thermistors to Measure Temperature 25 LABORATORY ACTIVITY 8: Oxygen 34 LABORATORY ACTIVITY 9: Carbon Dioxide 40 LABORATORY ACTIVITY 10: Examination of the Respiratory System 43 LABORATORY ACTIVITY 13: Pressure 59 LABORATORY ACTIVITY 14: Determination of Aerobic Capacity 63 LABORATORY ACTIVITY 15: The Effect of Temperature Change on the Volume of a Confined Gas 68 LABORATORY ACTIVITY 16: The Effect of Pressure Changeon the Volume of a Confined Gas 73 LABORATORY ACTIVITY 17: The Effect of ExternalTemperature on Respiration 83 LABORATORY ACTIVITY 18: Measuring Forced ExpiratoryVolume (FEV) 87 LABORATORY ACTIVITY 20: Static Electricity 91 LABORATORY ACTIVITY 22: Electroplating 99 LABORATORY ACTIVITY 23: Molecular Models 104 LABORATORY ACTIVITY 24: Conductivity of Solutions 106 LABORATORY ACTIVITY 26: ChemicalReactions, a Quantitative Study 109 LABORATORY ACTIVITY 28: Preparation of Molar Solutions 114 LABORATORY ACTIVITY 29: Measuring the Concentration of Acids by Titration 117 LABORATORY ACTIVITY 30: The Measurement of pH 123 LABORATORY ACTIVITY 31: Colorimetry 131 TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) Page LABORATORYACTIVITY 32: Testing Expired Air for Concentration of Carbon Dioxide 139 LABORATORYACTIVITY 33: Diffusion 144 LABORATORYACTIVITY 34: Blood, Water and Osmosis 149 LABORATORYACTIVITY 35: The Electrolysis of Water 156 LABORATORYACTIVITY 36: Changing the Color of Blood 160 LABORATORYACTIVITY 38: Measuring One-Second Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV1) 164 LABORATORYACTIVITY 39: Measuring NO2 Concentrations in Automobile Exhaust 167 LABORATORYACTIVITY 40: The Effect of Temperature on Smog Conditions. 173 LABORATORY ACTIVITY 2: CARE AND FEEDING OF THE LABORATORY BALANCE GENERAL INTRODUCTION: Laboratory balances come in a variety oftypes and designs, but they all operate on the same principle. They all are designed to balancean unknown mass against a known mass. The underlying principle is thesame one that children use when playing on a see-saw. Every child learns that a lighter childcan balance a heavier one by sitting fartheraway from the fulcrum. Unequal masses out of balance, both Lighter mass has been shifted to the same distance from the fulcrum. a position that gives a balance. FIGURE 1: Balancing unequal masses. Notice that if the lightermass in Figure 1 were shifted even more to the right, the platform would go out of balance inthe opposite direction. In other words, if the position of one mass is fixedthere is only one specific position of the second mass that will providea balance between the two masses. If the distance of each mass from the fulcrumis known and we also know the value of one mass, the value of the secondmass can be calculated. None of this is necessary, however, in usinga laboratory balance. With a laboratory balance, the unknownmass is placed in a pan (or on a plat- form) that has a fixed position in relationto the fulcrum. On the other side of the fulcrum arc a set of movable masses (usuallythree of them). The position of these masses is adjusted until they balance theunknown mass. Once a balance is achieved, the value of the unknownmass can be read directly from the instrument. The purpose of this activity is to acquaintyou with the nature of the labora- tory balance and the techniques involved in using itto determine the mass of dif- ferent kinds of substances. The procedure is divided into four shortparts. 1 PART I: THE NATURE OF THE BALANCE INTRODUCTION: It is important to understand that the laboratory balance is an expensive and delicate instrument that 'is capable of providing valuable information. As such, it should be treated carefully and with respect. The balance should be kept clean at all times. Since many chemicals can corrode the balance, spills that are not cleaned up promptly can decrease the accuracy of the instrument. Before actually weighing an object, it will be necessary to be able to recog- nize the parts of the balance. The purpose of Part I is to learn about the com- ponents of the balance. MATERIALS: balance PROCEDURE: 1. Although there are many different types of balances, they all have certain features in common. Compare the balance you will be using .th Figure 2. Locate the labeled parts on your balance. The balance should have a weighing pan that is connected to horizontal beams. On the beams are sliding riders. In laboratory use, materials placed in the weighing pan are counterbalanced by the riders that are moved to different positions along the beams. The total mass in grams is determined by adding up the numbers marked by the riders. The largest amount that can be weighed is the sum of the highest numbers on the beams. What is the maxi- mum capacity in grams of the balance you will be using? adjustment screw rid rs pointer indicator scale weighing pan FIGURE 2: Parts of a balance. 7 2 2. Before any measurements can be made, the balance should be adjustedso that it measures zero when the weighing pan is empty. Move all of the riders to the "zero mark" and empty the weighing pan. The pointer should swing back and forth slowly across the middle of the indicator scale. It will not be necessary to wait for the pointer to stop completely. A swing of an equal number of divi- sions on either side of the zero mark on the indicator scale indicates that the balance is properly leveled. If the pointer does not swing properly, the adjust- ment screw should be turned carefully until the balance is correctly adjusted. PART II: THE MESS OF A BEAKER INTRODUCTION: In this part of the activity, a 50-ml beaker will be weighed several times. This is the first of three weighing tasks you will be asked to perform. The ob- ject will be to gain some experience in the use of the balance, for this instrument will be used in many activities in the Biomedical Sciencecourse. MATERIALS: balance beaker, 50-ml PROCEDURE: 1. Place a dry 50-ml beaker on the weighing pan. The beaker can be weighed by moving the riders until the pointer rests near the middle of the indicator scale (Figure 2). Remember that you do not need to wait for the pointer to come to a complete rest (see Part I, Step 2). 2. With all riders at the zero mark and with the beaker on thepan, the pointer should be above the middle of the scale. Start with the heaviest rider and move it from the zero mark to the first notch on the beam. If the pointer remains above the middle of the scale, that means that the objecton the pan weighs more than the number near the notch. If so, move the same rider to the next notch, and continue moving the rider from notch to notch until the pointer falls below the middle of the scale. That tells you the range of the mass of the beaker as in the following examples. EXAMPLE 1: If the pointer moves below the middle of the scale when the rider is trans- ferred from the zero mark to the 10 g notch, then the beaker weighs less than 10g. 8 3 EXAMPLE 2: If the pointer moves below the middle of the scale when the rider is moved from the 20 g to the 30 g notch, then the beaker weighs between 20 and 30g. 3. Move the rider back to the notch position just before the pointer fell below the middle of the scale.