Multi-Year Program Plan FY’09-FY’14 Solid-State Lighting Research and Development Prepared for: Lighting Research and Development Building Technologies Program Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy U.S. Department of Energy Prepared by: Navigant Consulting, Inc. Radcliffe Advisors And SSLS, Inc. March 2008 Multi-Year Program Plan FY’09-FY’14 Solid-State Lighting Research and Development Prepared for: Lighting Research and Development Building Technologies Program Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy U.S. Department of Energy Prepared by: Navigant Consulting, Inc., Radcliffe Advisors, and SSLS, Inc. March 2008 Date: 2/27/06 DISCLAIMER This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government, nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, nor any of their contractors, subcontractors, or their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency, contractor or subcontractor thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. Date: March 2008 1 Date: 2/27/06 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Department of Energy would like to acknowledge and thank all the participants for their valuable input and guidance provided to develop the Multiyear Program Plan. Participants at the yearly solid-state lighting program planning workshop have made important contributions as well as members of the Next Generation Lighting Initiative Alliance (NGLIA). The Department would like to extend a special thanks to Paul Burrows from Pacific Northwest National Laboratories, Kyle Pitsor, from the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA), and the following members of the NGLIA Technical Committee: NGLIA LED Technical Committee Srinath Aanegola GE Lumination George Craford Philips Lumileds Kevin Dowling Philips Solid-State Lighting Solutions Angela Hohl-AbiChedid Osram Sylvania Jianzhong Jiao Osram Opto Semiconductor Ann Norris Dow Corning Corporation Paul Phillips LSI Industries Anant Setlur General Electric Ralph Tuttle CREE NGLIA OLED Technical Committee Dietrich Bertram Philips Anil Duggal General Electric Jianzhong Jiao Osram Opto Semiconductor Joseph Shiang General Electric Steffan Zahn Air Products and Chemicals COMMENTS The Department of Energy is interested in feedback or comments on the materials presented in this document. Please write to James Brodrick, Lighting R&D Manager: James R. Brodrick, Ph.D. Lighting R&D Manager EE-2J U.S. Department of Energy 1000 Independence Avenue SW Washington D.C. 20585-0121 Date: March 2008 2 Date: 2/27/06 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 7 1.1. SIGNIFICANT SSL PROGRAM ACCOMPLISHMENTS TO DATE ................................ 8 1.2. LEGISLATIVE DIRECTIVE ................................................................................... 14 1.3. INTERNATIONAL COMPETITION AND US INDUSTRIAL POSITIONING................... 16 1.4. FEDERAL ROLE IN SUPPORTING THE SSL INITIATIVE......................................... 17 1.5. DOE GOALS AND SOLID STATE LIGHTING......................................................... 17 1.5.1. OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND RENEWABLE ENERGY.............................. 17 1.5.2. BUILDING TECHNOLOGIES PROGRAM ................................................................. 18 1.5.3. SOLID-STATE LIGHTING PORTFOLIO GOAL......................................................... 19 2.0 SSL TECHNOLOGY STATUS ................................................................................. 20 2.1. BRIEF HISTORY OF LIGHTING TECHNOLOGIES ................................................... 20 2.2. CURRENT NATIONAL LIGHTING NEEDS ............................................................. 22 2.2.1. LIGHTING ENERGY USE IN BUILDINGS................................................................ 22 2.2.2. DESCRIPTION OF COMPETING TECHNOLOGIES.................................................... 23 2.3. CURRENT TECHNOLOGY STATUS ....................................................................... 24 2.3.1. PERFORMANCE OF LIGHT SOURCES .................................................................... 24 2.3.2. FIRST COST OF LIGHT SOURCES .......................................................................... 25 2.3.3. THE COST OF LIGHT ............................................................................................ 26 2.3.4. TECHNOLOGY STATUS: INORGANIC LIGHT EMITTING DIODES........................... 28 2.3.5. TECHNOLOGY STATUS: ORGANIC LIGHT EMITTING DIODES.............................. 29 2.3.6. TECHNOLOGY TRENDS ........................................................................................ 30 2.4. CURRENT MARKET STATUS ............................................................................... 32 2.4.1. MARKET STATUS................................................................................................. 32 2.4.2. MARKET SHARE .................................................................................................. 34 2.4.3. MARKET VIEWS................................................................................................... 35 3.0 CURRENT PORTFOLIO AND FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES....................................... 37 3.1. CURRENT SSL PROJECT PORTFOLIO .................................................................. 37 3.2. CONGRESSIONAL APPROPRIATION AND THE CURRENT PORTFOLIO (JANUARY 2008) ........................................................................................................................... 37 3.2.1. SUMMARY OF CURRENT RESEARCH TASKS AND TIMELINE................................ 42 3.3. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT FUNDING MECHANISMS................................... 44 3.4. PROCUREMENT STRATEGY................................................................................. 45 3.4.1. PERFORMERS ....................................................................................................... 45 3.4.2. GAPS .................................................................................................................... 45 3.5. CROSS AREA COORDINATION ............................................................................ 45 4.0 TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PLAN ........................................ 48 4.1. COMPONENTS OF THE SSL LUMINAIRE .............................................................. 48 4.1.1. COMPONENTS OF LED LUMINAIRES ................................................................... 49 4.1.2. COMPONENTS OF OLED LUMINAIRES ................................................................ 50 4.2. CURRENT TECHNOLOGY STATUS AND AREAS OF IMPROVEMENT ...................... 51 4.2.1. LIGHT EMITTING DIODES .................................................................................... 53 4.2.2. ORGANIC LIGHT EMITTING DIODES .................................................................... 59 4.3. SSL PERFORMANCE TARGETS ........................................................................... 60 4.3.1. LIGHT EMITTING DIODES .................................................................................... 61 4.3.2. LEDS IN LUMINAIRES.......................................................................................... 65 4.3.3. ORGANIC LIGHT EMITTING DIODES .................................................................... 66 4.3.4. OLEDS IN LUMINAIRES....................................................................................... 70 Date: March 2008 3 Date: 2/27/06 4.4. BARRIERS .......................................................................................................... 71 4.5. CRITICAL R&D PRIORITIES................................................................................ 72 4.6. INTERIM PRODUCT GOALS ................................................................................. 85 4.6.1. LIGHT EMITTING DIODES .................................................................................... 85 4.6.2. ORGANIC LIGHT EMITTING DIODES .................................................................... 88 4.7. UNADDRESSED OPPORTUNITIES......................................................................... 90 5.0 SOLID-STATE LIGHTING PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT PLAN............................... 91 5.1. DOE SOLID-STATE LIGHTING STRATEGY.......................................................... 91 5.2. SSL OPERATIONAL PLAN................................................................................... 93 5.3. PORTFOLIO DECISION-MAKING PROCESS .......................................................... 95 5.3.1. CONSULTATIVE WORKSHOPS .............................................................................. 95 5.3.2. BES WORKSHOP AND COORDINATION................................................................ 97 5.3.3. COMPETITIVE SOLICITATIONS ............................................................................. 97 5.3.4. COOPERATIVE