Regional Oral History Office University of California The Bancroft Library Berkeley, California DYKE BROWN ATHENIAN SCHOOL FOUNDER Interviews Conducted by Suzanne Riess in 2005 Copyright © 2007 by The Regents of the University of California Since 1954 the Regional Oral History Office has been interviewing leading participants in or well-placed witnesses to major events in the development of northern California, the West, and the nation. Oral history is a method of collecting historical information through tape-recorded interviews between a narrator with firsthand knowledge of historically significant events and a well-informed interviewer, with the goal of preserving substantive additions to the historical record. The tape recording is transcribed, lightly edited for continuity and clarity, and reviewed by the interviewee. The corrected manuscript is indexed, bound with photographs and illustrative materials, and placed in The Bancroft Library at the University of California, Berkeley, and in other research collections for scholarly use. Because it is primary material, oral history is not intended to present the final, verified, or complete narrative of events. It is a spoken account, offered by the interviewee in response to questioning, and as such it is reflective, partisan, deeply involved, and irreplaceable. ************************************ All uses of this manuscript are covered by legal agreements between The Regents of the University of California and Dyke Brown, dated January 20, 2006. The manuscript is thereby made available for research purposes. All literary rights in the manuscript, including the right to publish, are reserved to The Bancroft Library of the University of California, Berkeley. No part of the manuscript may be quoted for publication without the written permission of the Director of The Bancroft Library of the University of California, Berkeley. Requests for permission to quote for publication should be addressed to the Regional Oral History Office, The Bancroft Library, Mail Code 6000, University of California, Berkeley 94720-6000, and should include identification of the specific passages to be quoted, anticipated use of the passages, and identification of the user. It is recommended that this oral history be cited as follows: Dyke Brown, “Athenian School Founder,” an oral history conducted in 2005 by Suzanne Riess, Regional Oral History Office, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley, 2007. Dyke Brown, founder, Athenian School Photo by Arthur Bacon, 1980 TABLE OF CONTENTS—Dyke Brown INTRODUCTION i Interview 1: March 7, 2005 1 Family and early childhood in Berkeley—continuing interest in music—mother’s work in real estate and photography—father’s and grandfather’s San Francisco roots—early religious upbringing—majoring in music, then philosophy, politics and economics at UC Berkeley—visit to Europe at age sixteen—semester at Salem with Kurt Hahn—Salem emphasis on unconventional education, physical activity, student chores—undergraduate education at UC Berkeley and Oxford, law training at Yale and Boalt—mentors and growing awareness of social issues—graduation from law school and job at Yale, then San Francisco—child development and psychology in education—origin of the name The Athenian School. Interview 2: March 14, 2005 21 First meeting future wife Kate in Italy—courtship and marriage—teaching styles at Oxford and Yale, applying them to The Athenian School—outbreak of WWII and assignment to Bermuda—leaving the navy and job with John Francis Neyland— unsuccessful run for Congress—officer of the Ford Foundation—Brown children’s schooling—work at the Ford Foundation allocating grants to hospitals, later focus on education—influence of Quakerism—decision to start The Athenian School. Interview 3: March 16, 2005 39 Founding The Athenian School—chosing trustees and advisory board—coeducation and integration as fundamentals—importance of social service and outdoor student courses—members of the advisory board—recruiting faculty—difficulties in the first year—finding a balance between individualism and community values—matriculation to college—education of private and public school teachers—importance of parents—all- school assemblies—publications—school size and student/faculty ratios—scholarships and student diversity. Interview 4: March 29, 2005 59 The finances of opening The Athenian School in 1964—finishing details of housing, class buildings to open—acquiring and choosing land for the campus—getting the first class of Athenian School students—limited success in attracting minority students— student unwillingness to elect student government—visits with teachers from other schools—college placement, parental pressures—effects of integration on education at Berkeley public schools—Athenian teacher salaries—evaluating teachers—similarity between Friends schools and The Athenian School—art curriculum—accessibility of campus and curriculum for disabled students—experiential learning, school trips to Mexico and Siberia/Alaska—raising funds for scholarships. Dyke Brown’s Mandala 83 TAPE GUIDE—DYKE BROWN Interview 1 Tape 1, Side A 1 Tape 2, Side A 7 Tape 2, Side B 15 Interview 2 Tape 3, Side A 21 Tape 3, Side B 26 Tape 4, Side A 33 Interview 3 Tape 5, Side A 39 Tape 5, Side B 44 Tape 6, Side A 51 Interview 4 Tape 7, Side A 59 Tape 7, Side B 66 Tape 8, Side A 74 i INTRODUCTION—Dyke Brown Dyke Brown was born in 1915 in San Francisco. He had one brother, Gary, who was two years older. Dyke’s mother, a graduate of UC Berkeley, was a creative and adventurous individual who later became well-known in the Bay Area as a professional photographer of mothers and children. Dyke’s father was a businessman who went into business for himself in 1920. Dyke attended Bay Area public schools, graduating from Piedmont High School in 1931 when he was sixteen years old. Prior to attending UC Berkeley, Dyke spent several months traveling in Europe with a boyhood friend and attended the Schule Schloss Salem in Germany for a few months. Meeting the school’s director, respected educator, Kurt Hahn, and experiencing a completely different philosophy and regimen in education, deeply influenced Dyke when he went on to found The Athenian School. Dyke returned from his travels in Europe to attend UC Berkeley as a music major. Midway through his studies, Dyke, influenced by notable professors in philosophy, ethics and social science, switched his major to Social Philosophy and immersed himself in the study of philosophy, politics and economics. In his senior year, Dyke applied for and won a coveted Rhodes Scholarship to Oxford University. He graduated Phi Beta Kappa from UC Berkeley in 1936 and received his B.A. degree with highest honors. Then, as a Rhodes Scholar at Oxford University from 1936 to 1938, Dyke went on to receive a B.A. and M.A. in Politics, Economics and Philosophy. During his studies at Oxford, Dyke took a break to visit Florence, Italy, where he chanced to meet his future bride, Catherine Whiteley from Pennsylvania. After Oxford, Dyke attended Yale Law School, then returned to California to attend Boalt Law School for his second year. In his third year, Dyke returned to the East Coast to marry Kate and earn his LL.B. degree with honors from Yale. Fresh out of law school, Dyke was immediately hired as Assistant Dean and Assistant Professor of Law at Yale. As America stepped into WWII, Dyke was appointed flag lieutenant and aide to Admiral Jules James, commander of the Sixth Naval District in Charleston, South Carolina. From 1942-1945, Dyke was on active duty with the U.S. Navy. After the war, Dyke returned to San Francisco, where he practiced law from 1946 until 1953, first for three years with the famed attorney John Francis Neylan and later at the firm of Cooley, Crowley and Gaither. While he worked in John Neylan’s office, Dyke pursued his interest in various social goals, and chose to run for state assembly from the seventh congressional district. During the course of his campaign, which he later dropped so that the Democrats did not lose their own primary to a Republican incumbent, Dyke worked on the Citizens Committee for Brown. It was on this committee that Dyke worked with Rowan Gaither, another prominent San Francisco attorney. From 1949 to 1950, as a partner in Cooley, Crowley and Gaither, Dyke assisted Mr. Gaither in setting up a plan to expand the national scope of the Ford Foundation’s grant programs. In that capacity, Dyke served as Assistant Director of the Study for the Ford Foundation on Policy and Program. In 1953, Dyke was elected a Vice President of the Ford Foundation, a position he held for the next ten years in New York. Kate and Dyke moved with their three children, Tish, Susan, and Christopher, from Berkeley, California to Scarsdale, New York. It was during these ii years of living in Scarsdale that Dyke focused closer attention on education and was elected to serve for a few years on Scarsdale’s Board of Education. During his years with the Ford Foundation, Dyke traveled extensively in Europe, the Middle East and Asia in connection with the foundation’s work in youth development and juvenile delinquency, and was primarily responsible for the Ford Foundation’s Public Affairs Program, and the Program in Economic Development and Administration. In 1962, Dyke left the Ford Foundation to found The Athenian School in Danville. iii DYKE BROWN, FOUNDER OF THE ATHENIAN SCHOOL IN DANVILLE, CALIFORNIA, PASSES AWAY DYKE BROWN (Franklin Moore Brown) Born April 16, 1915, and passed away peacefully December 16, 2006 at St. Paul’s Towers in Oakland, California. Dyke Brown was born in San Francisco and graduated from Piedmont High School in 1931. Prior to attending UC Berkeley, Brown attended the Schule Schloss Salem in Germany. The school’s director, respected educator, Kurt Hahn, embraced a humanistic philosophy of education and deeply influenced Brown in his founding of The Athenian School in 1965.