RESTRICTED WP PPP/Urban Rail Transit May 2018 UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR EUROPE WORKING PARTY ON PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS (WP PPP) Proposed Draft UNECE STANDARD ON PPPS IN URBAN RAIL TRANSIT PROJECTS SOURCE: Urban Rail Transit PPP Project Team ACTION: Interim draft STATUS: Draft v0.1 Implementing the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development through effective “People-First Public-Private Partnerships” 1 Contents 2 I. Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 6 3 II. Objectives of the Standard ..................................................................................................... 6 4 III. Scope of the Standard ............................................................................................................ 7 5 A. Standard type ............................................................................................................................... 7 6 B. Sector focuses of the standard ..................................................................................................... 7 7 C. Geographic coverage of cases in the standard ............................................................................ 8 8 IV. Central Question .................................................................................................................... 8 9 A. Project Types and Examples of Urban Rail Transit PPPs ................................................................... 9 10 A1. Criteria of project sample selection..................................................................................... 9 11 A2. Project types ........................................................................................................................ 9 12 B. Pros and cons of PPPs in the Urban Rail Transit Sector .................................................................. 12 13 B1. Core elements of successful Urban Rail Transit PPPs ........................................................ 12 14 B2. Lessons learnt from unsuccessful Urban Rail Transit PPPs ............................................... 14 15 C. PPPs Meeting People First Objectives ........................................................................................ 15 16 C1. Demonstrate Replicability, Scalability, Equity, Efficiency, and Sustainability ................... 15 17 C2. An Urban Rail Transit PPP model to best achieve SDGs of UN .......................................... 16 18 V. Delivering the Model ............................................................................................................ 17 19 A. Project Selection and Baseline Requirements for Private Interest ............................................. 17 20 A1. Identify objectives to adopt PPP model in Urban Rail Transit projects ................................... 17 21 A2. Financial and legal readiness of the project ............................................................................. 17 22 A3. Technical appropriateness of the project ................................................................................ 18 23 A4. Rationalize the project preparation and implementation procedure ...................................... 18 24 A5. Evaluate project performance .................................................................................................. 20 25 A5.1. Ensure the security of Urban Rail Transit construction and operation ................................. 20 26 B. Financing for Urban Rail Transit PPPs ........................................................................................ 21 27 B1. Financial cash flow analysis ...................................................................................................... 21 28 B1.2. Financial viability gap analysis ............................................................................................... 21 29 B2. Design project financing structure ........................................................................................... 21 30 B3. Financial Acceptance ................................................................................................................ 22 31 B4. Mitigation measures of financing risks ..................................................................................... 22 32 C. Key consideration to implementing Urban Rail Transit construction, operation and transfer .. 23 33 C1. Construction ............................................................................................................................. 23 34 C2. Operation and Maintenance .................................................................................................... 24 35 C3. Transfer ..................................................................................................................................... 25 36 D. Legal Requirements for Urban Rail Transit PPPs ........................................................................ 26 37 D1. Establishment of PPP Particular Standards. ............................................................................. 26 38 D2. Operation of the project .......................................................................................................... 26 39 D3. Management of the Contract ................................................................................................... 26 40 D4. Promote Zero Tolerance to Corruption .................................................................................... 26 41 E. Feasibility for Low and Middle Income Countries ....................................................................... 27 iii 42 E1. Main Challenges and Opportunities of Low and Middle Income Countries in Urban Rail 43 Transit PPPs .................................................................................................................................... 27 44 E2. Advice on how to achieve SDGs through urban rail transit PPP in low and middle income 45 countries ......................................................................................................................................... 27 46 F. Other Issues Related to Urban Rail Transit PPPS ........................................................................ 28 47 F1. Contract management .............................................................................................................. 28 48 F2. Project asset management ....................................................................................................... 29 49 F3. Transferring project asset ......................................................................................................... 30 50 VI. Indicators of Compliance ...................................................................................................... 30 51 VII. Credits and References ..................................................................................................... 31 52 Annex 1. Case Studies ............................................................................................................. 32 53 1. Case of Zhengzhou-Gongyi-Luoyang (Gongyi Section) Suburban Line PPP Project .................... 32 54 2. Case Study: São Paulo Metro Line 4, Brazil ................................................................................ 33 55 3. Case of Canada Line ................................................................................................................... 34 56 4. Case of Eagle PPP project ........................................................................................................... 36 57 Annex 2. List of projects of urban rail transit PPPs ................................................................... 38 58 Annex 3. Sector-specific knowledge, terms and terminology .................................................... 39 59 A. Urban rail transit ............................................................................................................................. 39 60 A1. Rapid transit ............................................................................................................................. 39 61 A2. Light rail .................................................................................................................................... 39 62 A3. Commuter rail........................................................................................................................... 39 63 A4. Tram.......................................................................................................................................... 39 64 A5. Monorail ................................................................................................................................... 39 65 B. Urban Rail Transit Project Cycle ...................................................................................................... 39 66 B1. Feasibility .................................................................................................................................. 39 67 B2. Plan and Design ........................................................................................................................ 40 68 B3. Investment and financing ......................................................................................................... 40 69 B4. Construction ............................................................................................................................