TRAVAUX DE LA MAISON DE L’ORIENT ET DE LA MÉDITERRANÉE N° 49 ARCHAEOZOOLOGY OF THE NEAR EAST VIII Actes des huitièmes Rencontres internationales d’Archéozoologie de l’Asie du Sud-Ouest et des régions adjacentes Proceedings of the eighth international Symposium on the Archaeozoology of southwestern Asia and adjacent areas TOME I edited by Emmanuelle VILA, Lionel GOURICHON, Alice M. CHOYKE, Hijlke BUITENHUIS Aswa VIII Lyon 28 juin-1er juillet 2006 Lyon, June 28th-July 1st, 2006 Ouvrage publié avec la participation de la Région Rhône-Alpes et de l’UMR 5133, Archéorient, Maison de l’Orient et de la Méditerranée SOMMAIRE Tome I Emmanuelle VILA, Lionel GOURICHON Avant-Propos .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 13 Preface .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 17 François POPLIN 3URORJXHDQWKURSR]RRORJLTXH±$QLPDOYUDLVDFUL¿FHHWGRPHVWLFDWLRQODLWLqUH.............................. 21 $QWKURSR]RRORJLFDOSURORJXH²7UXHDQLPDOVDFUL¿FHDQGWKHGRPHVWLFDWLRQRIGDLU\DQLPDOV................ 33 Liora KOLSKA HORWITZ, Hitomi HONGO 3XWWLQJWKHPHDWEDFNRQROGERQHV$UHDVVHVVPHQWRI0LGGOH3DODHROLWKLFIDXQDIURP $PXG&DYH ,VUDHO .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 45 Hervé MONCHOT 'HVK\qQHVWDFKHWpHVDX3OpLVWRFqQHVXSpULHXUGDQVOH=DJURV JURWWH:H]PHK,UDQ ........................ 65 Anne BOUTEAUX, Anne-Marie MOIGNE, Kasman SETIAGAMA eWXGHVDUFKpR]RRORJLTXHVGHVLWHVMDYDQDLVGX3OpLVWRFqQHOHVVLWHVGHSOHLQDLUGXG{PHGH6DQJLUDQ -DYDFHQWUDO HWOHVLWHHQJURWWHGH6RQJ7HUXV -DYDHVW .................................................. 79 Anne BRIDAULT, Rivka RABINOVICH, Tal SIMMONS +XPDQDFWLYLWLHVVLWHORFDWLRQDQGWDSKRQRPLFSURFHVVDUHOHYDQWFRPELQDWLRQIRUXQGHUVWDQGLQJ WKHIDXQDRI(\QDQ $LQ0DOODKD OHYHO,E ¿QDO1DWX¿DQ,VUDHO .......................................... 99 Daniel HELMER, Lionel GOURICHON 3UHPLqUHVGRQQpHVVXUOHVPRGDOLWpVGHVXEVLVWDQFHj7HOO$VZDG 6\ULH331%PR\HQHWUpFHQW1pROLWKLTXH FpUDPLTXHDQFLHQ ±)RXLOOHV .................................................................. 119 Maria SAÑA, Carlos TORNERO &RQVXPSWLRQRIDQLPDOUHVRXUFHVDWWKHVLWHVRI$NDUoD\7HSHDQG7HOO+DOXOD 0LGGOH(XSKUDWHV9DOOH\ WKWKPLOOHQQLDFDO%& .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 153 Daniel HELMER 5pYLVLRQGHODIDXQHGHCDIHU+|\N 0DODW\D7XUTXLH DSSRUWVGHVPpWKRGHVGHO¶DQDO\VHGHVPpODQJHV HWGHO¶DQDO\VHGH.HUQHOjODPLVHHQpYLGHQFHGHODGRPHVWLFDWLRQ......................................... 169 Gisela GRUPE , Joris PETERS )HHGLQJKXPDQVDQGDQLPDOVDW3UH3RWWHU\1HROLWKLF1HYDOÕdRUL 6($QDWROLD DVHYLGHQFHGE\VWDEOH isotope analysis .......................................................................................... 197 10 E. VILA, L. GOURICHON, A.M. CHOYKE, H. BUITENHUIS Francoise LE MORT, Jean-Denis VIGNE, Simon J.M. DAVIS, Jean GUILAINE, Alain LE BRUN 0DQDQLPDOUHODWLRQVKLSVLQWKH3UHSRWWHU\EXULDOVDW6KLOORXURNDPERVDQG.KLURNLWLD &\SUXV WKDQGWKPLOOHQQLDFDO%& ............................................................................ 219 Melinda A. .Z EDER $QLPDO'RPHVWLFDWLRQLQWKH=DJURVDQ8SGDWHDQG'LUHFWLRQVIRU)XWXUH5HVHDUFK ........................ 243 Jean CANTUEL, Armelle GARDEISEN, Josette RENARD /¶H[SORLWDWLRQGHODIDXQHGXUDQWOH1pROLWKLTXHGDQVOHEDVVLQpJpHQ....................................... 279 Hijlke BUITENHUIS ,OÕSÕQDU7KHIDXQDOUHPDLQVIURPWKHODWH1HROLWKLFDQGHDUO\&KDOFROLWKLFOHYHOV ........................... 299 Chiara CAVALLO, Tijmen MOESKER )DXQDOUHPDLQVIURPWKH1HROLWKLFOHYHOVRI7HOO6DEL$E\DG 6\ULD ......................................... 323 Archaeozoology of the Near East VIII TMO 49, Maison de l’Orient et de la Méditerranée, Lyon, 2008 ANIMAL DOMESTICATION IN THE ZAGROS: AN UPDATE AND DIRECTIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH 1 Melinda A. ZEDER ABSTRACT (DUO\ UHVHDUFK RQ WKH RULJLQV RI DJULFXOWXUH IRFXVHG RQ WKH KLJKODQG YDOOH\V DQG SLHGPRQW ÀDQNV of the Zagros Mountains as the likely heartland of both plant and animal domestication. This research demonstrated that animals were domesticated at least as early as plants in the Zagros, perhaps slightly earlier, and that both of these developments arose in the context of semi-sedentary communities centered on the intensive utilization of the wild plants and animals. After the late 1970s, the geographic focus of origins of agricultural research in the Near East shifted to the Southern and Northern Levant in western arm of the Fertile Crescent, where plant domestication seems to have preceded animal domestication by at least 1000 years. Most recent considerations of Near Eastern plant and animal domestication and agricultural origins, if they mention the Zagros at all, portray the region as a backwater sitting on the sidelines of the primary developments that drove the emergence of farming and herding. Recent research on curated collections of animal remains recovered in early excavations from Zagros sites is providing a much more detailed picture of the course, context, and causes of animal domestication in this region. This research has also resulted in a reconsideration of methods used to detect animal domestication in archaeological assemblages. In particular, WKLVZRUNFDOOVLQWRTXHVWLRQWKHHI¿FDF\RIERG\VL]HUHGXFWLRQDVDPDUNHURILQLWLDODQLPDOGRPHVWLFDWLRQ while new techniques for reconstructing the age and sex of harvest populations show considerable promise for tracing the transition from hunting to herding. Using these techniques it is possible to detect shifting hunting strategies that foreshadow animal management at about 12,000 cal.endar years ago in the recently reanalyzed sheep assemblage from Zawi Chemi Shanidar. Morphologically unaltered but clearly managed JRDWVDUH¿UVWVHHQDWWKHVLWHRI*DQM'DUHKLQWKHFHQWUDO=DJURVDWDERXW\HDUVDJRPRYLQJLQWR lowland areas outside the natural habitat of wild goats about 500 years later. Domesticated sheep do not arrive in the region until about 9,000 calendar years ago. It is hypothesized that initial domestication of sheep and goats occurred at about 11,000-10,500 years ago in the Eastern Taurus/Northwestern Zagros region within the context of sedentary communities that were also in the process of domesticating wild cereals and pulses. While herded goats spread quite quickly throughout the Fertile Crescent following initial domestication, the movement of domesticated sheep into both its eastern and western arms was quite delayed. This work points the way for future research, especially in the Central and Eastern Fertile Crescent, which will almost certainly reclaim this region’s central position in the unfolding story of Near Eastern agricultural origins. .H\ZRUGV'RPHVWLFDWLRQcDSULQHV=DJURVdHPRJUDSKLF pUR¿OLQJsL]HrHGXFWLRQ. 1. ArchaeobiologyProgram, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, e-mail: [email protected] 244 M.A. ZEDER RÉSUMÉ /HVSUHPLqUHVUHFKHUFKHVVXUOHVRULJLQHVGHO¶DJULFXOWXUHV¶pWDLHQWFRQFHQWUpHVVXUOHVKDXWHVYDOOpHV PRQWDJQHXVHVHWOHVSLpPRQWVGHVPDVVLIVGX=DJURVFRQVLGpUpVFRPPHOHIR\HUSUREDEOHGHODGRPHVWLFDWLRQ jODIRLVGHVSODQWHVHWGHVDQLPDX[&HVUHFKHUFKHVDYDLHQWGpPRQWUpTXHGDQVOH=DJURVOHVDQLPDX[DYDLHQW pWpGRPHVWLTXpVDXPRLQVDXVVLW{WTXHOHVSODQWHVSHXWrWUHPrPHOpJqUHPHQWSOXVW{WHWTXHFKDFXQGHFHV GpYHORSSHPHQWVDYDLWVXUJLGDQVXQFRQWH[WHGHFRPPXQDXWpVVHPLVpGHQWDLUHVFHQWUpHVVXUO¶H[SORLWDWLRQ LQWHQVLYH GHV SODQWHV HW GHV DQLPDX[ VDXYDJHV $SUqV OD ¿Q GHV DQQpHV VRL[DQWHGL[ OD IRFDOLVDWLRQ JpRJUDSKLTXHGHODUHFKHUFKHVXUOHVRULJLQHVGHO¶DJULFXOWXUHDX3URFKH2ULHQWVHGpSODoDYHUVOHVXGHWOH QRUGGX/HYDQWGDQVODEUDQFKHRFFLGHQWDOHGX&URLVVDQWIHUWLOHRODGRPHVWLFDWLRQGHVSODQWHVVHPEODLW DYRLUSUpFpGpODGRPHVWLFDWLRQGHVDQLPDX[G¶DXPRLQVDQV/DSOXSDUWGHVFRQVLGpUDWLRQVUpFHQWHV VXUODGRPHVWLFDWLRQGHVSODQWHVHWGHVDQLPDX[HWVXUO¶RULJLQHGHO¶DJULFXOWXUHVLMDPDLVHOOHVPHQWLRQQHQW OH=DJURVGpFULYHQWODUpJLRQFRPPHXQWURXSHUGXVHWURXYDQWjF{WpGHVSUHPLHUVGpYHORSSHPHQWVTXL RQWFRQGXLWjO¶pPHUJHQFHGHO¶DJULFXOWXUHHWGHO¶pOHYDJH/¶DQDO\VHUpFHQWHGHVFROOHFWLRQVFRQVHUYpHV GHYHVWLJHVGHIDXQHUpFROWpVORUVGHVSUHPLqUHVIRXLOOHVGHVVLWHVGX=DJURVGRQQHXQHYLVLRQELHQSOXV GpWDLOOpHGXGpYHORSSHPHQWGXFRQWH[WHHWGHVFDXVHVGHODGRPHVWLFDWLRQGHVDQLPDX[GDQVFHWWHUpJLRQ &HWWHUHFKHUFKHHVWOHUpVXOWDWG¶XQHUHFRQVLGpUDWLRQGHVPpWKRGHVXWLOLVpHVSRXUGpWHFWHUODGRPHVWLFDWLRQ DQLPDOHGDQVXQpFKDQWLOORQDUFKpRORJLTXH(QSDUWLFXOLHUFHWUDYDLOUHPHWHQTXHVWLRQO¶HI¿FDFLWpGHOD UpGXFWLRQGHODWDLOOHFRPPHPDUTXHXUGHVGpEXWVGHODGRPHVWLFDWLRQDQLPDOHDORUVTXHGHQRXYHOOHV WHFKQLTXHVGHUHVWLWXWLRQGHO¶kJHHWGXVH[HGHVSRSXODWLRQVFKDVVpHVRIIUHQWGHVpULHXVHVSURPHVVHVSRXU UHWUDFHUODWUDQVLWLRQHQWUHFKDVVHHWpOHYDJH(QXWLOLVDQWFHVWHFKQLTXHVG¶DSUqVO¶pFKDQWLOORQGHPRXWRQV UpFHPPHQWDQDO\VpGH=DZL&KHPL6KDQLGDULOHVWSRVVLEOHGHGpWHFWHUGHVFKDQJHPHQWVGDQVOHVVWUDWpJLHV GHFKDVVHTXLSUp¿JXUHQWOHPDQDJHPHQWGHVDQLPDX[LO\DDQV'HVFKqYUHVPRUSKRORJLTXHPHQW LQFKDQJpHVPDLVFODLUHPHQWFRQWU{OpHVV¶REVHUYHQWHQSUHPLHUVXUOHVLWHGH*DQM'DUHKGDQVOHVPRQWVGX =DJURVLO\DHQYLURQDQVHOOHVTXLWWHQWO¶KDELWDWQDWXUHOGHVFKqYUHVVDXYDJHVSRXUOHVSODLQHVSUqV GHDQVSOXVWDUG/HVPRXWRQVGRPHVWLTXHVQ¶DUULYHQWSDVGDQVODUpJLRQDYDQWDQV2QSUpVXPH TXHODGRPHVWLFDWLRQLQLWLDOHGHVPRXWRQVHWGHVFKqYUHVV¶HVWSURGXLWHLO\DHQYLURQDQV GDQVODUpJLRQGX7DXUXVRULHQWDOHWGX1RUG2XHVWGX=DJURVGDQVXQFRQWH[WHGHFRPPXQDXWpVVpGHQWDLUHV TXLpWDLHQWpJDOHPHQWHQWUDLQGHGRPHVWLTXHUOHVFpUpDOHVVDXYDJHVHWOHVOpJXPLQHXVHV$ORUVTXHOHVFKqYUHV GRPHVWLTXHVVHUpSDQGHQWDVVH]UDSLGHPHQWjWUDYHUVOH&URLVVDQWIHUWLOHjODVXLWHGHOHXUGRPHVWLFDWLRQ LQLWLDOHOHPRXYHPHQWGHVPRXWRQVGRPHVWLTXHVDpWpUHODWLYHPHQWWDUGLIGDQVVHV]RQHVHVWHWRXHVW&H WUDYDLOPRQWUHGHVGLUHFWLRQVGHUHFKHUFKHSRXUO¶DYHQLUHQSDUWLFXOLHUGDQVOH&URLVVDQWIHUWLOHFHQWUDO HW RULHQWDO TXL YD SUREDEOHPHQW UpFXSpUHU XQH SRVLWLRQ UpJLRQDOH FDSLWDOH