Solid Waste Management in Polog Region, North Macedonia, Phase I Improvement of the Solid Waste Management Services in the Polog Region, North Macedonia – Amended Final Regional Waste Management Plan of Polog Region – 06 October 2020 Julius-Reiber-Strasse 17 Industriestraße 10 Naroden Front 11/1-4 64293 Darmstadt 84137 Vilsbiburg 1000 Skopje Germany Germany Macedonia www.iu-info.de www.sehlhoff.eu www.barece.com.mk Solid Waste Management in Polog Region, North Macedonia, Phase I Amended Final Regional Waste Management Plan of Polog Region Table of Content TABLE OF CONTENT 0 Executive Summary ................................................................................................ i 1 Background ............................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Scope of the Plan .................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Policy and Regulatory Framework ........................................................................... 2 1.2.1 EU Waste Legislation and Waste Management Objectives ................................ 2 1.2.2 National Waste Management Legislation and National Waste Policy ................. 3 1.3 Waste Management Objectives Set in National Plans ............................................. 5 1.4 Stakeholder Consultations for Preparation of the RWMP ......................................... 7 2 Status-Quo Analysis .............................................................................................. 9 2.1 General Framework ................................................................................................. 9 2.1.1 Geographical Location ....................................................................................... 9 2.1.2 Topography .......................................................................................................10 2.1.3 Climate ..............................................................................................................10 2.1.4 Geology .............................................................................................................10 2.1.5 Hydrogeological Features..................................................................................10 2.1.6 Hydrology ..........................................................................................................11 2.1.7 Land Use ...........................................................................................................11 2.1.8 Protected Areas ................................................................................................11 2.1.9 Transportation Infrastructure .............................................................................11 2.1.10 Installations and Facilities for Wastewater Treatment ........................................11 2.1.11 Hospitals and Centers for Public Health ............................................................12 2.1.12 Industrial Sector ................................................................................................12 2.2 Demography, Population and Socio-Economic Situation ........................................14 2.2.1 Demography and Population .............................................................................14 2.2.2 Socio-Economic Situation..................................................................................15 2.3 Waste Characterization...........................................................................................15 2.3.1 Waste Composition ...........................................................................................15 2.3.2 Waste Amounts .................................................................................................17 2.4 Institutions and Relevant Parties for Municipal Waste Management .......................19 2.4.1 National Government Institutions .......................................................................19 I Solid Waste Management in Polog Region, North Macedonia, Phase I Amended Final Regional Waste Management Plan of Polog Region Table of Content 2.4.2 Regional Government Institutions ......................................................................20 2.4.3 Local Government Units (LGUs) ........................................................................21 2.4.4 Private Sector Involvement ................................................................................22 2.5 Waste Collection and Transport ..............................................................................23 2.6 Recycling and Waste Treatment .............................................................................24 2.7 Waste Disposal .......................................................................................................25 2.7.1 Rusino Dumpsite ...............................................................................................26 2.8 Public Awareness, Public Participation and Waste Avoidance ................................27 2.9 Financing of SWM Services ....................................................................................28 2.9.1 Affordability Assessment ...................................................................................30 2.10 Assessment of Isolated Settlements .......................................................................30 2.11 Summary of Key Challenges and Bottlenecks ........................................................31 3 Planning of Solid Waste Management ................................................................33 3.1 Assumptions for Planning .......................................................................................33 3.1.1 Population Forecast ..........................................................................................33 3.1.2 Waste Forecast .................................................................................................34 3.2 Determination of Objectives, Targets and Timelines ...............................................37 3.3 Planned Technologies and Methods for the Future Regional SWM ........................39 3.3.1 Waste Prevention and Reduction ......................................................................40 3.3.2 Waste Collection and Transport ........................................................................42 3.3.2.1 Collection of Mixed Municipal Solid Waste ......................................................42 3.3.2.2 Separate Collection of Dry Recyclable Waste incl. Packaging Waste ..............45 3.3.2.3 Separate Collection of Biodegradable Waste...................................................47 3.3.2.4 Waste Transportation and Transfer .................................................................48 3.3.2.5 Conceptual Approach for Waste Transfer and Long-Distance Transport .........50 3.3.3 Waste Treatment ...............................................................................................50 3.3.3.1 Targets for Waste Treatment ...........................................................................50 3.3.3.2 Waste Treatment Options ................................................................................51 3.3.3.3 Comparison of Identified Technology Options .................................................54 3.3.3.4 Conceptual Approach for Waste Treatment .....................................................57 3.3.4 Waste Disposal .................................................................................................57 3.3.4.1 Targets and Phases for Improvement of Waste Disposal ................................57 3.3.4.2 Implementation of Immediate Improvement Measures (Phase I) .....................59 3.3.4.3 Development of Rusino Landfill as a Sanitary Landfill According to EU Standards During Phase II ...............................................................................60 II Solid Waste Management in Polog Region, North Macedonia, Phase I Amended Final Regional Waste Management Plan of Polog Region Table of Content 3.3.4.4 Identification of a New Landfill Location and Preparations for its Realisation ......................................................................................................62 3.3.4.5 Rehabilitation of Non-standard Landfills and Dumpsites ..................................63 3.3.5 Effect of Introduction of Improvement Measures and New Technologies and Methods .....................................................................................................64 3.3.6 Summary of Preferred Technologies and Methods ............................................65 3.4 Institutional Aspects ................................................................................................67 3.4.1 Development of Regional Public Waste Management Utility During Phase I (until end of 2019) .............................................................................................68 3.4.2 Capacitating the Regional Public Waste Management Utility for Management of Rusino Sanitary Landfill During Phase II (2021 - 2016) ............70 3.5 Economy and Financing .........................................................................................71 3.5.1 Funding Requirements ......................................................................................71 3.5.2 Costs and Cost Recovery of SWM services ......................................................72 3.6 Public Awareness Raising Measures ......................................................................76