DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BUREAU OF EDUCATION BULLETIN, 1917, No. I5 STUDIES IN HIGHER EDUCATION IN IRELAND. AND WALES WITH SUGC.E.STIONS FOR UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGFS IN THE uNfrED STATES BY GEORGE EDWIN. MACLEAN. FORMERLY PRESIDENT OF THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF IOWA WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE P 1917 ADDITIONAL COPIES Or VILA PUBUCATION MAT DE PROCUREDnow TEl SUPIRINTENDENT OP DOCIAIKM1M GOVIRNMKNT PRINTINO OT1CI VASHINGTUN, D. C. AT 15 CENTS PER COPY CONTENTS. Letter of transmittal Page. 7 Introduction: Object of bulletin and institutions visited 9 Variations from English and Seot911 types 9 Transitional stage closing formative petied 10 PART 1.IRELAND. Chapter I. The Dublin University, Trinity College: A variant of the Cambridge type of college and university 11 Monopoly of higher education in Ireland 12 An,early leader in university reforms 13 Rece..t distinctive features 13 Attempts to make Trinity a constituent college ina larger University qf Dublin or of Ireland 18 Mission of an endowed university side by side with ,State-supportedinsti- tutions 18 Chapter II. The Catholic University: Its occasion 19 Ne%Zlnan's -ision of anIrish university 20 Newman's plan of university government 21 Pathos of Newman's seven years of rectorithip 22 Story oftNewman's university" since his day 23 Coalescence of the Catholic University with the National University 24 Chapter III. The predecessors of the National University: Its genealogy 25 Mr. Wyse's plan for national education in Ireland 25 The Queen's Colleges, Belfast, Cork, Galway 27 Queen's University 4 28 The Royal University 29 Royal Commission (1901-1903) recommendations 29 Briapter IV. The National University: Comparisons especially with the University of Wales 31 In organization In educational polides 37 Promise of !imam as a State institution 40 Questioa of the perreauenee of the federated tuaivereity 41 3 L 4 CONTENTS. Chapter V. The gave ConstituenCeolleges: Pats Plan of organir mien 45 Financial support. University College, Cork . 47 University College, Galway 49 University College,. Dublin Chapter VI. The Qween's University of Belfast Royal Belfast Academical Institution Variations in etatutee from dew of the National University... 5:1 Agreement with M Mei pal fech Mealnsti t . Arrangement with Royal College of Science.. 54 Tutorial claws and university extension Chair of education 54 Faculty of commerce 55 Student's representative council Pension scheme 55 Buildings Chapter VII. The Department of Agriculture and Technical Instruction. Its origin Irish Agricultural Organisation Society 59 The department bound up with coordinating bodies 60 -The Royal Collegepf Science 60 The Albert Agricultural College, Glasnevin 63 The policies of the department 63 P1RT11.WALES. Chapter VIII. Movements preparatory for the University of Wake: The crown of an ancient, of a religious, and of a modern movement 66 Establishment of the univeriity retarded 68 Aberystwyth, the pathfinder 68 Cardiff 70 Bangor 73 Cooperation of the colleges coincident with school and local government legislation 74 Renewed movement for the creation of the universigt 75 Chapter IX. The University of Wales: The preparation of the charter. 76 A confederation of colleges 77 A university on wheels 77 The 'uni versity authorities . 78 Qualifying schemes of study 79 Theological instruction and colleges 79 Degrees in education and training of teachers 80 Supplementary charter 81 The three constituent colleges in the university's formative period 83 Chapter X. The Royal Commission and educational problems confronting it: The occasion for the appointmentof the commission 89 AppoinUient of commission and "terms of reference" 90 Problems brought out by the Moeeley Commission and Principal Reichel 91 Propeeed municipal university at Cardiff 96 CIONTEN113. 5 Chapter XContinued. Par% Problems emerging in the report of the Treasury's advisory committee, 1908 93 Some recommendations of advisory V4immittees of 1914 95 A specimen solution suggested by a Welsh hauler 95 l'robleins of organization. "separationists" and federalists 96 Iteeolutionn of various bodies 97 l'roposeil Oducattional refornar 98 ltelat ion of "institutions providing Mutation of a post -secondary 'nature "_ 99 Movement for the cismdiruition of education 100 PART III.ENOLAND, SCOTLAND, IRELAND, AND WALES. Chapter XI. Summary M studies and inwoortions lor 1. LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL . e , DEFARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, TICREAC OF EIWCATION, ' 1... lra.thington, March 10, 1917. SIR: Be Cause the changes in tendencies and ideals in highest edu- cation in (ii rent Britain RIVI the consequent (+tinges in the curriculum and the details of adminikration in colleges apd universities within the last few years contained so much of general interest for.higher .edm'ation in the United Stotts in 1913 I commissioned Dr. George Etl.in MacLean, formerly president qf the State Universily of Iowa, to make a careful first-hand study of the newer featurtof these institutions-'and to prepare a report on them for this tatan.This study was ulatie by Dr. Macl,ean, with the generouscoops ration of university (and college officials, between 1913 and 1915.The report thus includes an account of progress until the beginning of the present war.I recommaki:that this report be publishedIts bulletins of the Bureau of Education under the titles Studies in Higher Edu- cation in England and, Scotland and Studies in Higher Education in Ireland and Wales. % Respectfully submitted. tt... .., P. P. CLArroti, (.'ommi8ttioner. The SECRETARY OF THE INTX.RIOR. 7 I- STUDIES IN HIGHER EDUCATION IN IRELAND AND WALES. INTRODUCTION. This study represents an endeavor to point out facts and tendnecies in higher education-in Ireland and Wales by which American uni- versities and colleges may profit.It complements similar studies in England and Scotland,' and presupposes familiarity with the prin- cipal features and terminology -of these studies. The compiler of the bulletin visited some 20 institutions 2 of like tpe, with those in England and Scotland and for the most part modeled after them.Similar historical, religious, and political faces have been at work in them. In all of these institutions religion begat the beginnings and ecclesiastical zeal has asserteditself. Royal commissions and acts of Parliament have successively played no small part. The influences of the industrial age and of imperial- ism have been much less than in England and Scotland.The strength of nationalism has been much greater, and copsequently the aspiration for a national syatem, of education, crowned by a State-aided university, has been stronger.Notable differences may be attributed to the predominance of Celtic blood, traditions of a pre- Saxon culture, political domination by what was long considered a foreign power, comparative isolation due to geographical position, and the limitation of industry largely to agriculture and mining. Contrary to the common saying that educational movements pro- ceed from above downward, in both Ireland and Wales the estab- lishment of lower school systems has prepared the way for founding the universities. In both the State has largely supplanted voluntary schools with its own. The clannish character of the Celt; much less I Studies in Higher Education in England and Scotland, with Suggestions for Univer- sities and colleges in the United States.Bulletin, 1917, No. 16. 'University of Dublin (Trinity College) ;National University of Ireland (University College, Cork; University College, Galway ; University College, Dublin) ; The Queen's Uni- versity of Belfast; Department of Agriculture and Technical Instruction for Ireliind; Albert Agricultural College, Giasnevin; Royal College of Science for Ireland, Dublin; National Museom, Dnbiin; National Library, Dublin; l'Iunkett House, Dublin (bead, quarters of the Irish Agricultural Organisation Society, and Cooperative Reference Li- brary) ;Alexandra College and School, Dublin; TyrOne House, Dublin (Cpmmiaslon of National Education in Ireland) ; Royal Belfast Academical Institution; Municipal Teets- nical Institute, Belfast; University of Wales (University College of Wales, Aberystwyth; University College of North Wales, Bangor; University College of South Wales and Mon- mouthshire, Cardiff); National Library of Wales, Aberystwyth; National Museum of Wales, Cardiff. 9 10 HIGHER EDUCATION IN IRELAND AND WALES. e individualistic than that of the Anglo-Saxon, the poverty of the countries, and the purposes of thetEnglish Government to Anglicize them, have resulted in State -systems of education.It is largely true that in the earlier times "the aim was to denationalize the country and to wean it from its language and from its religion."The ad- ministrators of the national systems of education at different times have had various aims." One powerful influence wished the work of education to subserve the purpose of proselytism; another wished it to secularize; another to Anglicize."' Recently the outcome of the above conditions has been the leader- ship of Ireland and Wales in State educational experiments, in agri- cultural and technical education, and in emphasizing the ethical side of education in forming character.In the two countries education is in a most interesting transitional stage.Besides the effects of (he war, one must reckon with the direct and indirect influences of the act for the disestablishment of the Anglican Church in Wales, and of the home-rule act in Ireland, the operation of both of which is suspended for the period of the war. The