View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by UTHM Institutional Repository A STUDY ON RIDERSHIP CAPACITY ANALYSIS AT RAPID KELANA JAYA LINE STATION MUHAMMAD FARHAN BIN MOHD ARIF A thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the Degree of Master of Science in Railway Engineering Faculty of Engineering Technology Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia JULY 2017 iii Dedicated to all my beloved peoples MOHD ARIF MAHADI & ZAITON ISHAK, MOHD FAIZ & NASIHAH, NURUL FARHANA & AHMAD HUMAIZI, MUHAMMAD FAIZUL & FAIZURA NAQUIAH, MUHAMMAD FAIZAL & MOHAMAD ARIFFIN, IMRAN, IMDAD, FATHIA, FADIYA & JASMINE, & FRIENDS Who always be there for me iv ACKNOWLEDGMENT In the name of Allah S.W.T, The Most Gracious and Merciful. Alhamdulillah, praise to Allah S.W.T. for giving me the strentgh to complete my project succesfully. First and foremost, I would like to give my deepest thanks to both my parents ( Mohd Arif Mahadi & Zaiton Ishak) and other my siblings (Mohd Faiz & family, Nurul Farhana & Family, Muhammad Faizul & family, Muhammad Faizal, Mohamad Ariffin) for their continuing support, loves and encouragement to me for completing this research. I would like to express my deepest gratitute to my supervisor, Dr Joewono Prasetijo for constantly guiding and encouraging me throughout this journey. I would like to convey my greetest appreciation to her for giving me the professional training, advice, motivation and suggestion to carry this research to its final form. I am very thankful to all people involved in this research. I was in contact with many people, researchers, academicians and practitioners who have contributed towards my understanding and thought. My heart felt thanks to each and every one of them. In particular, my sincere thanks are also extended to all my friends and others who have provided assistance at various occasions. Their views and tips are useful indeed. Regrettably, it is not possible to list all of them in this limited space. Thanks you. May Allah S.W.T. bless upon all of you. v ABSTRACT Level of Service (LOS) is commonly used to access the quality of operations of transportation facilities at the roadside. However, LOS, measures for pedestrian facilities such as waiting areas are not well developed until now. The main objective of this study is to determine the level of service of platform at KELANA JAYA LINE KL SENTRAL station, in order to identify the current operational conditions. Objectives are achieved by referring to LOS standards from Highway Capacity Manual (2000) and Transit Capacity and Quality of Service Manual (TCQSM). Additionally, analysis has been carried out for peak hours and focus on KL Sentral Station platform. Results showed that, LOS at platform was LOS E and there are a few LOS D and LOS A during the peak hours. The probability of worse LOS levels in the future are high. Based on analysis data, access way front and the end of platform edge were identified as areas that are highly crowded. Results from this study could be used as a guide by authorities and management team of the station to detect and monitor the LOS of the platform. Hence, could provide better service that matches the right level of service and provides higher passenger comfort, while using the service. The capacity of a transit mode refers to how many passengers per hour a mode can be expected to carry. Since when we discuss capacity we are usually discussing it in terms of a rapid transit project, the capacity should be defined as the maximum number of passengers per hour a given mode could carry at its maximum average operating speed. Overall, the capacity of a given transit mode expressed in passengers per hour can be represented as the result of multiplying the number of vehicle trains that could pass by a particular stop in one hour which is frequency by the number of vehicles per train and the number of passengers that could be carried by each vehicle. vi ABSTRAK Tahap Perkhidmatan (LOS) biasanya digunakan untuk mengakses kualiti operasi kemudahan pengangkutan di tepi jalan. Walau bagaimanapun, LOS, langkah-langkah untuk kemudahan pejalan kaki seperti kawasan menunggu tidak maju sehingga kini. Objektif utama kajian ini adalah untuk menentukan tahap perkhidmatan platform di KELANA JAYA LINE stesen KL SENTRAL, untuk mengenal pasti keadaan operasi semasa. Objektif dapat dicapai dengan merujuk kepada piawaian LOS dari Highway Capacity Manual (2000) dan Transit Kapasiti dan Kualiti Perkhidmatan Manual (TCQSM). Selain itu, analisis telah dijalankan untuk waktu puncak dan memberi tumpuan kepada platform Stesen KL Sentral. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa, LOS di platform adalah LOS E dan terdapat beberapa LOS D dan LOS A semasa waktu puncak. Kebarangkalian tahap LOS lebih teruk pada masa akan datang adalah tinggi. Berdasarkan analisis data, akses jalan depan dan akhir tepi platform telah dikenal pasti sebagai kawasan-kawasan yang sesak. Hasil daripada kajian ini boleh digunakan sebagai panduan oleh pihak berkuasa dan pihak pengurusan stesen untuk mengesan dan memantau LOS platform. Oleh itu, boleh memberikan perkhidmatan yang lebih baik yang sepadan dengan tahap hak perkhidmatan dan memberi keselesaan penumpang yang lebih tinggi, semasa menggunakan perkhidmatan ini. Kapasiti mod transit merujuk kepada berapa banyak penumpang satu jam yang boleh diharapkan untuk dibawa. Oleh kerana ketika kita membincangkan kemampuan kita biasanya membincangkannya dari segi projek transit yang cepat, kapasiti harus ditakrifkan sebagai jumlah maksimum penumpang per jam mod yang diberikan dapat membawa pada kecepatan operasi rata-rata maksimum. Secara keseluruhannya, keupayaan mod transit yang dinyatakan dalam penumpang sejam boleh diwakili sebagai hasil daripada mendarabkan bilangan kereta kebal yang boleh lulus dengan perhentian tertentu dalam satu jam yang kekerapan oleh bilangan kenderaan kereta api dan nombor Penumpang yang boleh dibawa oleh setiap kenderaan. vii CONTENTS TITLE i DECLARATION ii DEDICATION iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iv ABSTRACT v CONTENTS vii LIST OF TABLES xi LIST OF FIGURES xii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of Study 1 1.2 Problem Statement 2 1.3 Objectives 3 1.4 Scope of study 4 1.5 Significant of Research 4 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Introduction 5 2.2 Transit Capacity 6 2.3 Factors Influencing Capacity 6 viii 2.4 Ridership 7 2.4.1 Modes and Abbreviation 8 2.4.1.1 Comuter Rail 8 2.4.1.2 Heavy Rail 8 2.4.1.3 Light Rail 9 2.4.1.4 Monorail 9 2.5 Ridership Capacity 9 2.5.1 Peak Hour Factor 10 2.5.2 Train Capacity 10 2.6 Factors Affecting Pedestrian Flow 10 2.6.1 Mean Walking Speed 11 2.6.2 Density 13 2.6.3 Body Dimension 14 2.6.4 Culture 15 2.6.5 Purpose of Trip 15 2.6.6 Existence of Social Groups 15 2.6.7 Bi-Directional Flow 16 2.7 Railway Station 16 2.7.1 Station Design Requirement 16 2.7.2 Station Platform 17 2.7.3 Kelana Jaya Line 20 2.7.3.1 Line and stations 21 2.7.3.2 Rolling stock 22 2.7.3.3 Extensions 23 2.8 Level of Service (LOS) 25 ix 2.8.1 Type of Level of Service (LOS) 27 2.9 Growth Population 30 2.10 Crowding 33 2.10.1 Factor Affecting Crowding 31 2.10.2 Impact of Crowding 34 2.11 Summary of Chapter 36 CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY 3.1 Introduction 37 3.2 Research Methodology Flow Chart 38 3.3 Literature Review 39 3.4 Site Selection 39 3.5 Problem Identification 41 3.6 Data Collection 42 3.7 Data Analysis 43 3.7.1 Microsoft Excel 43 3.7.2 Ridership Capacity Model 45 3.7.3 Level of Services LOS 45 3.8 Summary of Chapter 46 x CHAPTER 4 ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Introduction 47 4.2 Number of Ridership at (KLJ) LINE KL SENTRAL STATION 48 4.3 Capacity Analysis of Peak Hours 53 4.4 Ridership Capacity Analysis 60 4.5 Level of Services LOS 61 4.6 Summary of Chapter 64 CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 5.1 Conclusion 65 5.2 Recommendation 66 REFERENCES 68 APPENDICES 77 xi LIST OF TABLES TABLE NO. TITLE PAGE 2.1 Train Capacity 10 2.2 Pedestrian flow rate under different circumstances 12 2.3 Kelana Jaya Line Overview 20 2.4 Level of Services on LRT platform 27 2.5 Pedestrian LOS according to HCM (Source: TCQSM ,2003) 29 4.1 Monthly Ridership of KLJ Line (January to May 2016) 48 4.2 Name of station 49 4.3 Ridership Capacity Data 60 4.4 Level of Services LOS at KL Sentral Station Platform 61 xii LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE NO. TITLE PAGE 1.1 Condition in waiting area at peak hour 3 2.1 Factors affecting free flow speed, (Taylor et al., 2010) 11 2.2 Fundamental Diagram, (Hoogendoom et al., 2007) 14 2.3 Typical Side Platform Layout (Railway Technical,2014) 18 2.4 Typical Elevated Side Platform Station Layout (RailwayTechnical,2014) 18 2.5 Elevated Station with Ticket Hall below Platforms (Railway Technical,2014) 19 2.6 Kelana Jaya Line station in Kuala Lumpur Sentral 24 2.7 Masjid Jamek is one of only five underground stations along the Kelana Jaya Line. 25 2.8 Universiti station at night is one of the elevated stations in the system. 25 2.9 Level of Service on LRT Platform 28 2.10 The Increasing Ridership Number of KLJ Line 32 3.1 Flow Chart Methodology 38 3.2 Kelana Jaya Line route 39 3.3 Kelana Jaya Line Masjid Jamek station, automated door 40 3.4 Access way to the platform Putra Masjid Jamek station 40 3.5 PUTRA KL SENTRAL station 41 3.6 Crowded pedestrian rushing towards the escalator 42 3.7 Monthly ridership for every station in 5 months 43 3.8 Monthly ridership graph for every station in 5 months 44 3.9 Data of peak hours 44 3.10 Graph of peak hours of May 45 4.1 Station KLJ Line versus Number of Ridership 50 4.2 Monthly Ridership for PUTRA KL Sentral Station 51 xiii 4.3 Daily ridership May 2015 52 4.4 Operation time service 53 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study Nowadays traffic congestion reduction is widely considered as one of the most common reasons for building new transit systems.