Thesis for the Degree of Master of Philosophy on Impact of Globalization in the Developing Countries: The Case of Bangladesh Researcher: K. M. Atikur Rahman MPhil Registration: 285 Session: 2011-2012 Supervisor: Dr. Md. Abdul Wadud Bhuiyan Professor Department of Political Science University of Dhaka Department of Political Science University of Dhaka Dhaka, April, 2015 Dhaka University Institutional Repository Thesis for the Degree of Master of Philosophy on Impact of Globalization in the Developing Countries: The Case of Bangladesh Researcher: K. M. Atikur Rahman MPhil Registration: 285 Session: 2011-2012 Supervisor: Dr. Md. Abdul Wadud Bhuiyan Professor Department of Political Science University of Dhaka Department of Political Science University of Dhaka Dhaka, April, 2015 Dhaka University Institutional Repository Dhaka University Institutional Repository Impact of Globalization in the Developing Countries: The Case of Bangladesh A thesis submitted to the University of Dhaka in conformity with the requirements for the Degree of Master of Philosophy by K. M. Atikur Rahman Under the Supervision of Dr. Md. Abdul Wadud Bhuiyan Professor Department of Political Science University of Dhaka Department of Political Science University of Dhaka Dhaka, Bangladesh 2015 i Dhaka University Institutional Repository Declaration This study is based on my own research work and to the best of my knowledge; it has not previously been submitted for a degree or diploma in any university of the world. I confirm that this thesis contains no material previously published or written by another person except by way of quotation and duly acknowledged. K. M. Atikur Rahman ii Dhaka University Institutional Repository Certificate of Supervisor With regard to the thesis entitled “Impact of Globalization in the Developing Countries: The Case of Bangladesh” submitted by K. M. Atikur Rahman for the Degree of Master of Philosophy in Political Science at the University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh. I certify that (i) He has carried out the research work under my direct supervision and guidance and that the manuscript of the thesis has been scrutinized by me. (ii) The entire thesis comprises the candidate’s own work and it is his own personal achievement. It has not previously formed the basis for the award of any degree, diploma, associate ship, fellowship or other similar title of recognition. (iii) The thesis is not a joint research work with me or with anyone else. (iv) He has completed his research work to my satisfaction. (v) The final type copy of the thesis which is being submitted to the University Office has been carefully read by me for its material and language and is to my entire satisfaction. (vi) The thesis is worthy of consideration for the award of M.Phil Degree and (vii) I hope that this thesis will make a valuable contribution to the existing knowledge on the ‘Impact of Globalization in the Developing Countries’ focusing Bangladesh. Dated, Dhaka Dr. Md. Abdul Wadud Bhuiyan The .................. 2015 Professor Department of Political Science University of Dhaka Dhaka, Bangladesh iii Dhaka University Institutional Repository Abstract This is an age of globalization-everything is encircled with this process. It has been turned into a power having largely engagement with world’s conventional, influential and leading matters. It has many more good sides; on the other hand, huge dark phenomenon exists within this process. It has been turned into a determining factor or conflict matter between the South and the North. Blame game or psychological dialects are ongoing issues on the negotiating table. In the last three decades, the western countries are almost on leading and winning position in the globalization process; but developing nations cannot adapt fully with this tidal and complex system due to their internal weakness along with the external factors. Globalization is a big polishing brush – a good pair of leather shoe is needed to adapt with this -if shoe is not available, brush is not only an ineffective thing but also a burden for maintenance. Developed nations are running themselves with their established basement; so global opportunities are being poured in favor of them naturally. It is hard true that obviously the poor nations have to be seated on the running train; otherwise all sorts of sufferings grasp them – as globalization is a global reality to be unavoidable. Bangladesh is getting a little share of globalization though garment, pharmaceuticals, leather and ship building industries get a momentum in the economy – though it could have been many more contributive. But on the other hand, Bangladesh faces a lot of challenges created by the globalization process. Some developing nations (India, China, Brazil, Turkey, South Korea, Malaysia, and Singapore) make a shining development through globalism. It is noted that globalization is a little bit responsible for bad governance of Bangladesh causing the economic setbacks. Socio-economic growth and living standard might be doubled through globalization, if Bangladesh like nations of the world could ensure good governance, human capital and technological advancement. The research work is conducted for reality based some objectives - those are basically applicable for Bangladesh and other poor countries. Several important questions are objectified in the work. Broadly, the thesis aims to investigate on how globalization impacts on the socio-economic and political arenas. Specifically this research attempts to identify the global factors and consequences that influence on development discourse and social change (Introduction section). As foreign aided nation, Bangladesh and same others can formulate hardly the public policy independently. Such types of aided policy make a development illusion that functions with less important sectors bypassing the core agendas - bureaucratic setbacks make these projects important to all for their narrow interests. Historically, it is proven that the delegated development approach cannot adapt or function accordingly for a distinct societal well being. Dominant western media makes cultural imperialism (chapter 4) causing broken down the oriental social structure, conventions and cultural hybridization getting eroded its heritage. Social values are not functioning favored humanism. Such these questions are tried to open up and be obvious before the victim states in the work. The research has been carried out by following explanatory method. It is applied to explain the existing works from contemporary and future-oriented views focusing the impact factors of globalization on how and where policy matters in the poor nations are tracked out. Qualitative approach is mostly used here as social behaviors are influential factors to be found out the roots of the problems. Content analysis (introductory section) is conducted on the secondary sources (book, journal, articles, media and office records). iv Dhaka University Institutional Repository Globalization refers to a world in which societies, cultures, politics and economics have comes closer together (chapter 1). It can be defined as the intensification of worldwide social relations which link distant localities. Globalization means the free movement of information, labor, capital, goods, culture and entertainment crossing the boundaries. English language and the communication technologies play as vital role in these free movement process across the world when the term globalization is used in the second sense – to refer to time-space compression – there is a close link with the development of new communication technologies and the post modernity. Mainly three types of globalization exist in the world – each society is being touched or impacted by them at any stage or any means. There are: communication, market and direct globalization (chapter 1). Due to the advancement of digital technology, communication globalization influences deeply human lives. Its effect includes economic activity and cultural aspects of people. When culture and economy are transformed by western model, ideology and values, hybridization trends grab the societal norms and shape. Trade and capital mobility are the progressive issues – are derived from the market globalization of which main feature is based on economic liberalization. Human rights are frequently violated in the developing countries but global judicial authority or global human rights organizations can play a little positive role in this connection. Actually globalization started actively its journey after World War II. In 1947, the GATT was set up to oversee the removal of international trade barriers and supervise the expansion of international trade. It was based on the premise that ‘free trade’ stimulates the expansion of international trade and economic growth faster than can even the most internationalists of national trade policies. In 1989 there is set up ‘Washington Consensus’, which fixes some 10 number of rules and terms on trade and economy, influenced by the GATT. Both these international accords are finally converted into a unique organization WTO, established in 1995, which is the controlling authority for international trade relations. In this thesis two numbers of theories which greatly comply with the topic. One is ‘libertarianism’ and another is ‘Anarcho-Capitalism’ that has been followed thoroughly in the research work. Economic liberalism makes a flexibility of trade, tariff, monetary policy and investment management worldwide following the international