ISSN 2543-9839 qr. 1. 2019 no. 8 THE WARSAW INSTITUTE REVIEW no. 8. 2019 www.WarsawInstitute.Review Author Biographies ŁUKASZ P. STANKIEWICZ VERONIKA VÍCHOVÁ is a University Professor at the is an Analyst and a Coordinator University of Limoges (France). of the Kremlin Watch Program at He holds a Ph.D. in International the European Values Think-Tank. Taxation from the Jean Moulin Lyon She graduated from the Masaryk III University. In his research and University in Brno. She is an author of teaching, he focuses on tax law and the Kremlin Watch Briefing, a weekly public finance. newsletter on disinformation and p. 64 influence operations for more than JAN STEHLÍK 7,000 European experts, journalists, is a Security Analyst with a focus and officials. She has completed on counter-extremist and counter- the 2017 New Security Leaders terrorism policy in Europe. He works Programme. p. 108 closely with the European Values Think- Tank since 2014. He graduated from JAN WÓJCIK the University of Nottingham where is a board member of the European he defended his thesis investigating the Issues Institute, an independent causes of Islamic extremism as well as think-tank based in Warsaw. Author the Charles University in Prague where of publications on terrorism, non- he presented a dissertation on counter- violent extremism and migrations. He terrorism in Europe. is an expert at the European Eye on p. 103 Radicalization. Graduate of doctoral SZYMON SZYNKOWSKI VEL Sęk studies at the Faculty of International is a Secretary of State for Polish Relations at Collegium Civitas, Community Abroad, European Policy, Warsaw. p. 43 and Public Diplomacy at Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic MACIEJ ZAJąc of Poland. He graduated from the is a Ph.D. candidate at the Ethics Faculty of Law and Administration Department of the Institute of of the Adam Mickiewicz University Philosophy, University of Warsaw. in Poznan, where he majored in He is a board member of the international relations. Polish Transhumanist Association. p. 6 Americanist by education. He KATARZYNA UTRACKA specializes in the ethics of armed is a historian, Deputy Head of conflicts and new military the Historical Department of the technologies. p. 51 Warsaw Uprising Museum. Author and co-author of numerous articles, publications, and albums dedicated to the occupation and insurrection. She is writing her doctoral thesis entitled Provisions of Insurgent Warsaw. p. 87 1/2019 119 Editorial Dear Readers, oland and the rest of the EU member states are about to face two significant challenges related to their EU memberships. First of all, citizens of each member state will vote in the upcoming European Pelections in May. Secondly, the EU will have to deal with the issues stemming from a potential enlargement of six Western Balkan states. I encourage you to read the analysis by Professor Tomasz Grzegorz Grosse, an expert at Warsaw Institute. The author studied the strategies of the largest Polish political parties in European politics, their stances on the future of Europe, strategies towards the political model, as well as reforms within the community. Polish Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs Szymon Szynkowski vel Sęk writes about building an alliance between the countries of the Western Balkans and the EU. Poland’s presidency in the Berlin Process this year makes its role in this context particularly important. In the article, the author highlights Poland’s support for Western Balkans in their efforts to integrate into the European Union. In another article discussing the subject of the Western Balkans, Piotr Bajda Ph.D. emphasizes that the V4 countries started bringing the Balkan countries closer to the EU, as evidenced by the successful and widely known formula seen in the “V4 + Western Balkans” meetings. For years, the Visegrad countries have served as a kind of ambassador of the Western Balkans in the European Union. The author analyzes the geopolitical interests of Western European countries in the context of rapprochement with the region. 1/2019 3 Editorial It is worthwhile to recommend the analysis by Grzegorz Kuczyński, director of Eurasia Program at Warsaw Institute, who writes about The the Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline. He puts forward a thesis that Warsaw the project is, in fact, Moscow’s anti-Ukrainian strategy aimed Institute at removing Ukraine from the European gas transit system. The Review author analyzes the consequences that the implementation of the Russian project may have and what scenarios may arise in this © Copyright 2019 context for Kiev. The Warsaw Institute Review Warsaw, Poland Moreover, proposed for our readers is the topic of the lost city of Warsaw. In her article, Katarzyna Utracka describes the Editor-in-Chief extermination of the city after 1939. This tragedy consisted of Izabela Wojtyczka [email protected] the murders of the Polish and Jewish population, the destruction of culture, art, architecture, and Polish identity. The article Editorial Assistant Berenika Grabowska emphasizes that the losses suffered by Warsaw at that time cannot [email protected] even be compared to the losses in any other European country. Translations Aleksandra Tomaszewska I wish you all an enjoyable read, Proofreading Bartłomiej Bagniewski Cover and Layout Izabela Wojtyczka Katarzyna Dinwebel Editor-in-Chief Jacek Kotela The Warsaw Institute Review DTP and Printing www.sindruk.pl Public purpose co-financed by the Co-financed by the Minister of Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic Culture and National Heritage of Poland in the competition “Cooperation from the Promotion of Culture in the Field of Public Diplomacy 2019”. Fund. Publisher The Warsaw Institute Review Sp. z o.o. Świętokrzyska St. 18/410, Ministry 00-052 Warsaw, Poland of Foreign Aff airs Republic of Poland www.warsawinstitute.review [email protected] Partners: Partner of Visegrad Report: The opinions given and the positions held in the materials published in the Warsaw Institute Review solely reflect the views of the authors and cannot be equated with the official position of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Poland and www.warsawinstitute.org Ministry of Culture and National Heritage of the Republic of Poland. ISSN 2543-9839 www.warsaw.institute 4 The Warsaw Institute Review CONteNts E6ASTERN REPORT GEOPOLITICS24 H87ISTORY Szymon Szynkowski Tomasz Grzegorz Katarzyna Utracka: vel Sęk: Grosse: Warsaw – the City that Poland in Strategic Attitudes of Polish is No More Relations Between the Political Parties towards European Union and the European Integration Balkans EASTERN REPORT CULTURE Szymon Szynkowski vel Sęk Mariusz Klarecki Poland in Strategic Relations Artwork Plundering in Occupied Between the European Union 75 Warsaw 6 and the Balkans HISTORY EASTERN REPORT Katarzyna Utracka Piotr Bajda 87 Warsaw – the City that is No More Western Balkans – a Somewhat 16 Forgotten Place on the Map of Europe VISEGRAD REPORT GEOPOLITICS Radko Hokovský Tomasz Grzegorz Grosse Visegrad Group and Prevention of Attitudes of Polish Political Parties 97 Mass Irregular Immigration to Europe towards European Integration 24 VISEGRAD REPORT GEOPOLITICS Jan Stehlík Grzegorz Kuczyński Cooperation Between the Visegrad 35 Nord Stream 2: A Trap for Ukraine Countries Regarding Counter- WESTERN REPORT 103 Extremism Operations Jan Wójcik VISEGRAD REPORT 43 Immigration Policies US and EU Veronika Víchová ARMY/ MODERN TECHNOLOGIES How Central European Countries Maciej Zając Counter the Kremlin's Hostile The Robotic Revolution in Military Actions: the Czech Republic’s and and Poland’s National Security 108 Poland's Unfulfilled Potential 51 Strategy VISEGRAD REPORT ECONOMY Katya Kruk Łukasz P. Stankiewicz The Crimean Factor: How the Recent Trends in International European Union Reacted to Russia’s 64 Taxation: A Strategic Evaluation 113 Annexation of Crimea 1/2019 5 Geopolitics POLAND IN StrA- tegic RELAtiONS betweeN the EurOPEAN UNION AND the BALKANS Szymon Szynkowski vel Sęk We constantly support the European Union, built on the ideas of companionship and mutual respect for diversity and sovereignty of states. These principles, therefore, have also become the foundation of the plans of our Berlin Process presidency – the aim of which is to encourage the countries of the Western Balkans to join the European Community. ix countries within the region Kosovo, Northern Macedonia, and of Southeast Europe are also Serbia. In other words, the region part of the Western Balkans. brings together six entities with ethnic, This term, although imprecise, linguistic and religious diversities – Sreflects the geographical location and which translates into different needs the current political context of Albania, and problems. Regardless of whether Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, we are talking about the countries of 6 The Warsaw Institute Review Poland in Strategic Relations between the EU and the Balkans Fatos Shala Fatos © PRIVATE ARCHIVE, DEPUTY MINISTER OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF THE REPUBLIC of Poland – Szymon SzynkowSki vel Sęk the Western Balkans or candidates for first, are chapters 23 – judiciary and EU membership, such terms will always fundamental rights, and 24 – justice, appear in the context of the enlargement freedom, and security. In the case of policy of the European Union. Serbia, another issue of crucial importance for the integration process is regulating The population of the Western Balkans relations with Kosovo (which it does amounts to almost 19 million