Moses and Frances Asch Collection, 1926-1986 Cecilia Peterson, Greg Adams, Jeff Place, Stephanie Smith, Meghan Mullins, Clara Hines, Bianca Couture 2014 Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections Smithsonian Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage 600 Maryland Ave SW Washington, D.C. [email protected] https://www.folklife.si.edu/archive/ Table of Contents Collection Overview ........................................................................................................ 1 Administrative Information .............................................................................................. 1 Arrangement note............................................................................................................ 3 Biographical/Historical note.............................................................................................. 2 Scope and Contents........................................................................................................ 2 Names and Subjects ...................................................................................................... 3 Container Listing ............................................................................................................. 5 Series 1: Correspondence, 1942-1987 (bulk 1947-1987)........................................ 5 Series 2: Folkways Production, 1946-1987 (bulk 1950-1983).............................. 152 Series 3: Business Records, 1940-1987.............................................................. 477 Series 4: Woody Guthrie Papers, 1927-1985...................................................... 632 Series 5: Early Label Materials, 1940-1949......................................................... 633 Series 6: Biographical Materials, 1923-1987 (bulk 1936-1987)............................ 651 Series 7: Photographs.......................................................................................... 676 Series 8: Artwork.................................................................................................. 677 Series 9: Audio Recordings.................................................................................. 678 Series 10: Film..................................................................................................... 679 Series 11: Miscellaneous..................................................................................... 680 Moses and Frances Asch Collection CFCH.ASCH Collection Overview Repository: Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections Title: Moses and Frances Asch Collection Identifier: CFCH.ASCH Date: 1926-1986 (bulk 1948-1986) Creator: Asch, Moses Distler, Marian, 1919-1964 Folkways Records Extent: 841 Cubic feet Language: English . Summary: This collection, which dates from 1926-1986, documents the output of Moses Asch through the various record labels he founded and co-founded, and includes some of his personal papers. The Asch collection includes published recordings, master tapes, outtakes, business records, correspondence, photographs, and film. Administrative Information Acquisition Information Ralph Rinzler arranged the Smithsonian's acquisition of the Moses and Frances Asch Collection in 1987, beginning with Asch before his death in 1986 and continuing with extensive discussions between Rinzler and the Asch family. Since its acquisition, archivist Jeff Place and others have added contemporary, relevant correspondence with Folkways artists and related individuals. Other Finding Aids An inventory of the audio recordings in this collection is available. Processing Information An original, basic processing of the Moses and Frances Asch Collection was done following its donation and arrival at the Smithsonian, later augmented by the work of archivist Jeff Place. Following a Preservation Prioritization Survey conducted by Nora Lockshin of the Smithsonian Center for Archives Conservation, the Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections received an award from the Collections Care and Preservation Fund to support a more complete processing of the Asch Collection. In 2009-2011, the collection was analyzed and re-organized by Cecilia Peterson to group like materials together in series and chronologically thereafter. Correspondence was additionally arranged alphabetically by last name or corporate name. Basic preservation practices were also employed in the rehousing of materials, removing of fasteners, protection of vulnerable materials, and the removal of highly acidic carbon copies and clippings. The acidic materials were contaminating the collection and were therefore replaced with acid- free copies. Page 1 of 680 Moses and Frances Asch Collection CFCH.ASCH Preferred Citation Moses and Frances Asch Collection, Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections, Smithsonian Institution. Restrictions Access by appointment only. Contact the Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections at [email protected] or (202) 633-7322 for additional information. Conditions Governing Use Copyright restrictions apply. Contact archives staff for additional information. Biographical Note The son of Yiddish writer Sholem Asch, Moses Asch was born in Poland in 1905. His childhood was spent in Poland, France, Germany, and New York. While young, Asch developed an interest in radio electronics, which ultimately lead him to his life's work, recording the music and sounds of the world. He established several record labels in succession, sometimes partnering with other record companies. Two of his fist record companies, Asch Recordings and DISC Co. of America, went bankrupt. They were followed by his best- known label, Folkways Records, which was founded in 1948 with Marian Distler (1919-1964). He was still working on Folkways recordings when he died in 1986. Folkways Records sought to document the entire world of sound. The 2,168 titles Asch released on Folkways include traditional and contemporary music from around the world, spoken word in many languages, and documentary recordings of individuals, communities, and current events. Asch's business practices revolved around the commitment to keep every recording issued by Folkways in print, despite low sales. Asch stayed afloat by cutting costs where he could (such as color printing) and offering a high-quality product, meticulously recorded and accompanied by extensive liner notes. In doing this, he could charge a slightly higher price than other commercial outfits. Despite a tenuous relationship with financial solvency, Folkways grew to be not only one of the most important independent record companies in the United States in the 20th century, but also one of the largest and most influential record companies in the world. Moses Asch's record labels featured famous and lesser known American writers, poets, documentarians, ethnographers, and grass roots musicians on commercial recordings. American folk icon Woody Guthrie recorded on the Asch, Disc, and Folkways labels, and the Asch Collection includes some of his correspondence, lyrics, drawings, and writings. The collection also includes correspondence with other notable musicians and artists such as John Cage, Langston Hughes, Margaret Walker, Huddie "Lead Belly" Ledbetter, Pete Seeger, Peggy Seeger, Ewan MacColl, Alan Lomax, Henry Cowell, and Kenneth Patchen. Also in the collection are ethnographic field notes and photographs by as well as correspondence with Béla Barók, Sidney Robertson Cowell, Harold Courlander, Helen Creighton, Laura Boulton, and Samuel Charters. Asch hired various prominent artists and graphic designers including David Stone Martin, Ben Shahn, John Carlis, and Ronald Clyne to create album cover art for his recordings. Much of the original art and designs for these covers can be found in the Asch Collection. Asch's output of recordings on various labels, including published recordings, open reel master tapes, outtakes, and acetate disks, in addition to his business papers, correspondence, photographs, and other files were acquired by the Smithsonian Institution in 1987. The collection came to the Smithsonian with the understanding that all 2168 titles under the Folkways label would be kept available in perpetuity. Scope and Contents The Moses and Frances Asch Collection measures 841 cubic feet and dates from 1926-1987, with some contemporary, relevant correspondence, clippings, and ephemera added after 1987. Page 2 of 680 Moses and Frances Asch Collection CFCH.ASCH Most of the collection consists of audio recordings (commercial 78 rpm and long-playing records, open reel tapes, acetate discs, and test pressings), correspondence with recording artists and producers, artwork, photographs, ephemera, clippings, record production materials, writings, and business papers relating to Folkways Records. Materials relating to Folkways Records can be found primarily in the Correspondence, Folkways Production, Business Records, Photographs, Artwork, Sound Recordings, and Film series. The collection also contains some biographical materials and personal correspondence, including materials related to Asch's first business, Radio Laboratories, located in the Biographical Materials series. Correspondence, ephemera, photographs, record production materials, business papers, and recordings relating to Asch's record labels before Folkways Records (Asch Recordings, Disc Company of America, Cub Records) are located in the Early Label Materials series as well as the Audio Recordings and Photographs series. Arrangement The collection is arranged in 10 series: Missing