ESIA Amendment Greece Section 5 - Environmental Cultural Heritage and Socioeconomic Baseline Page 2 of 62 Area Comp. System Disc. Doc.- Ser. EXERGIA S.A. E.ON Technologies GmbH Code Code Code Code Type No. Project Title: Trans Adriatic Pipeline – TAP GPL00-EXG-642-Y-TAE-1006 Section 5-Environmental Cultural Heritage and Document Title: Rev.: 00 Socioeconomic Baseline Table of Contents 5 Environmental Cultural Heritage and Socioeconomic Baseline 6 Introduction 6 Amfitriti rerouting 7 5.2.1 Physical Environment 7 5.2.1.1 Geology, Seismicity and Geomorphology 7 5.2.1.2 Subsurface and Soils 8 5.2.1.3 Groundwater and Surface Waters 8 5.2.1.4 Climate and Ambient Air Quality 8 5.2.1.5 Acoustic Environment 9 5.2.1.6 Landscape and Visual Amenity 9 5.2.2 Biological Environment 9 5.2.2.1 Flora and Habitats 9 5.2.2.2 Fauna 9 5.2.2.3 Aquatic Ecology 9 5.2.2.4 Protected areas/Sites of Conservation Interest 10 5.2.3 Socioeconomic Environment 10 5.2.3.1 Demographics and Settlements 10 5.2.3.2 Economy, Employment and Income 10 5.2.3.3 Land Tenure and Use 11 5.2.4 Cultural Heritage 11 Kosmio rerouting 13 5.3.1 Physical Environment 13 5.3.1.1 Geology, Seismicity and Geomorphology 13 5.3.1.2 Subsurface and Soils 13 5.3.1.3 Groundwater and Surface Waters 13 5.3.1.4 Climate and Ambient Air Quality 14 5.3.1.5 Acoustic Environment 14 5.3.1.6 Landscape and Visual Amenity 14 5.3.2 Biological Environment 15 5.3.2.1 Flora and Habitats 15 5.3.2.2 Flora species 15 5.3.2.3 Habitat types 16 5.3.2.4 Fauna 18 5.3.2.5 Aquatic Ecology 21 5.3.2.6 Protected areas/Sites of Conservation Interest 22 5.3.3 Socioeconomic Environment 22 5.3.3.1 Demographics and Settlements 22 5.3.3.2 Economy, Employment and Income 23 5.3.3.3 Land Tenure and Use 23 5.3.4 Cultural Heritage 23 Nestos rerouting 26 5.4.1 Physical Environment 26 5.4.1.1 Geology, Seismicity and Geomorphology 26 5.4.1.2 Subsurface and Soils 26 5.4.1.3 Groundwater and Surface Waters 27 5.4.1.4 Climate and Ambient Air Quality 27 5.4.1.5 Acoustic Environment 27 5.4.1.6 Landscape and Visual Amenity 27 Page 3 of 62 Area Comp. 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E.ON Technologies GmbH Code Code Code Code Type No. Project Title: Trans Adriatic Pipeline – TAP GPL00-EXG-642-Y-TAE-1006 Section 5-Environmental Cultural Heritage and Document Title: Rev.: 00 Socioeconomic Baseline 5.4.2 Biological Environment 28 5.4.2.1 Flora and Habitats 28 5.4.2.2 Fauna 28 5.4.2.3 Aquatic Ecology 33 5.4.2.4 Protected areas/Sites of Conservation Interest 35 5.4.3 Socioeconomic Environment 35 5.4.3.1 Demographics and Settlements 35 5.4.3.2 Economy, Employment and Income 35 5.4.3.3 Land Tenure and Use 36 5.4.4 Cultural Heritage 36 Nea Karvali rerouting 38 5.5.1 Physical Environment 38 5.5.1.1 Geology, Seismicity and Geomorphology 38 5.5.1.2 Subsurface and Soils 38 5.5.1.3 Groundwater and Surface Waters 39 5.5.1.4 Climate and Ambient Air Quality 39 5.5.1.5 Acoustic Environment 39 5.5.1.6 Landscape and Visual Amenity 39 5.5.2 Biological Environment 40 5.5.2.1 Flora and Habitats 40 5.5.2.2 Fauna 40 5.5.2.3 Aquatic Ecology 40 5.5.2.4 Protected areas/Sites of Conservation Interest 41 5.5.3 Socioeconomic Environment 41 5.5.3.1 Demographics and Settlements 41 5.5.3.2 Economy, Employment and Income 41 5.5.3.3 Overview of Land Tenure and Use 41 5.5.4 Cultural Heritage 42 Drymos rerouting 42 5.6.1 Physical Environment 42 5.6.1.1 Geology, Seismicity and Geomorphology 42 5.6.1.2 Subsurface and Soils 43 5.6.1.3 Groundwater and Surface Waters 43 5.6.1.4 Climate and Ambient Air Quality 43 5.6.1.5 Acoustic Environment 44 5.6.1.6 Landscape and Visual Amenity 44 5.6.2 Biological Environment 44 5.6.2.1 Flora and Habitats 44 5.6.2.2 Fauna 44 5.6.2.3 Aquatic Ecology 45 5.6.2.4 Protected areas/Sites of Conservation Interest 45 5.6.3 Socioeconomic Environment 45 5.6.3.1 Demographics and Settlements 45 5.6.3.2 Economy, Employment and Income 46 5.6.3.3 Land Tenure and Use 46 5.6.4 Cultural Heritage 46 Pyrgoi rerouting 46 5.7.1 Physical Environment 46 5.7.1.1 Geology, Seismicity and Geomorphology 46 5.7.1.2 Subsurface and Soils 47 5.7.1.3 Groundwater and Surface Waters 47 Page 4 of 62 Area Comp. 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E.ON Technologies GmbH Code Code Code Code Type No. Project Title: Trans Adriatic Pipeline – TAP GPL00-EXG-642-Y-TAE-1006 Section 5-Environmental Cultural Heritage and Document Title: Rev.: 00 Socioeconomic Baseline 5.7.1.4 Climate and Ambient Air Quality 47 5.7.1.5 Acoustic Environment 47 5.7.1.6 Landscape and Visual Amenity 48 5.7.2 Biological Environment 48 5.7.2.1 Flora and Habitats 48 5.7.2.2 Fauna 49 5.7.2.3 Aquatic Ecology 50 5.7.2.4 Protected areas/Sites of Conservation Interest 50 5.7.3 Socioeconomic Environment 50 5.7.3.1 Demographics and Settlements 50 5.7.3.2 Economy, Employment and Income 50 5.7.3.3 Land Tenure and Use 50 5.7.4 Cultural Heritage 51 Foufas - Eordea rerouting 54 5.8.1 Physical Environment 54 5.8.1.1 Geology, Seismicity and Geomorphology 54 5.8.1.2 Subsurface and Soils 54 5.8.1.3 Groundwater and Surface Waters 55 5.8.1.4 Climate and Ambient Air Quality 55 5.8.1.5 Acoustic Environment 55 5.8.1.6 Landscape and Visual Amenity 55 5.8.2 Biological Environment 56 5.8.2.1 Flora and Habitats 56 5.8.2.2 Fauna 56 5.8.2.3 Aquatic Ecology 57 5.8.2.4 Protected areas/Sites of Conservation Interest 57 5.8.3 Socioeconomic Environment 57 5.8.3.1 Demographics and Settlements 57 5.8.3.2 Economy, Employment and Income 58 5.8.3.3 Land Tenure and Use 58 5.8.4 Cultural Heritage 58 Minor Reroutings 62 Other Permanent and Temporary Installations 62 List of Tables Table 5-1 Cultural Heritage Sites in the area of Amfitriti rerouting 12 Table 5-2 Bird species of conservation interest present in the area of Kosmio rerouting 19 Table 5-3 Cultural Heritage Sites in the area of Kosmio rerouting 25 Table 5-4 Bird species of conservation interest present in the area of Nestos Rerouting 32 Table 5-5 Native freshwater fish fauna of Nestos river basin and their conservation status 33 Table 5-6 Fish species sampled, in Nestos lowland basin and absolute abundances 34 Table 5-7 Cultural Heritage Sites in the area of Nestos rerouting 37 Table 5-8 Flora species of conservation interest in the area of Pyrgoi rerouting 48 Table 5-9 Cultural Heritage Sites in the Area of Pyrgoi Rerouting 52 Table 5-10 Cultural Heritage Sites in the Area of Eordea – Foufas Rerouting 60 List of Figures Figure 5-1 Location of FH-E-080 / The range-restricted Balkan endemic Dianthus Page 5 of 62 Area Comp. 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E.ON Technologies GmbH Code Code Code Code Type No. Project Title: Trans Adriatic Pipeline – TAP GPL00-EXG-642-Y-TAE-1006 Section 5-Environmental Cultural Heritage and Document Title: Rev.: 00 Socioeconomic Baseline tenuiflorus, in Kosmio rerouting 16 Figure 5-2 Degradation of riparian vegetaion in several stremas crossed by the pipeline route in Kosmio rerouting 17 Figure 5-3 European habitat 92A0 “Salix alba and Populus alba galleries”, Chatisio river, Kosmio, FH-79 17 Figure 5-4 Greek habitat 5340 “Garrigues of Eastern Mediterranean”, Kosmio, FH-54 18 Figure 5-5 Crossing of Chatisio Wildlife Refuge by Kosmio Rerouting 22 Figure 5-6 Areas of interest in the broader area of Nestos rerouting combined with recorded jackal presence 29 Figure 5-7 Sampling points during field survey to assess the presence of Euroepean Ground Squirrel (Spermophillus citellus) along Nestos rerouting 30 Figure 5-8 Potential presence of Spermophillus citellus in Eordea-Foufas rerouting 57 Page 6 of 62 Area Comp. System Disc. Doc.- Ser. EXERGIA S.A. E.ON Technologies GmbH Code Code Code Code Type No. Project Title: Trans Adriatic Pipeline – TAP GPL00-EXG-642-Y-TAE-1006 Section 5-Environmental Cultural Heritage and Document Title: Rev.: 00 Socioeconomic Baseline 5 Environmental Cultural Heritage and Socioeconomic Baseline Introduction This section describes the environmental, socioeconomic and cultural heritage resources along the proposed reroutings. The description is structured as per the following main headings: Physical Environment - including geology and soils, land, hydrology, surface and ground water resources, air, noise etc. Biological Environment – including aquatic and terrestrial habitats, flora and fauna, biodiversity and protected areas. Socioeconomic Environment - including land use, demography, employment, education, infrastructure, public services and public health etc.