The Standard Model: Good, Bad, Ugly New Dynamics and the TeV Scale Summary/Outlook Electroweak Symmetry Breaking and New Dynamics at the TeV Scale Gustavo Burdman Fermilab/University of S~aoPaulo FNAL Users' Meeting, June 3-4 2009 Gustavo Burdman Electroweak Symmetry Breaking and New Dynamics at the TeV Scale The Standard Model: Good, Bad, Ugly New Dynamics and the TeV Scale Summary/Outlook Outline 1 The Standard Model: Good, Bad, Ugly The Standard Model Electroweak Symmetry Breaking The Hierarchy Problem 2 New Dynamics and the TeV Scale QCD-like Strong Dynamics Out-of-this-world Strong Dynamics 3 Summary/Outlook Gustavo Burdman Electroweak Symmetry Breaking and New Dynamics at the TeV Scale The Standard Model: Good, Bad, Ugly The Standard Model New Dynamics and the TeV Scale Electroweak Symmetry Breaking Summary/Outlook The Hierarchy Problem The Standard Model: a Gauge Theory Interactions among known elementary particles described by SU(3)c × SU(2)L × U(1)Y Gustavo Burdman Electroweak Symmetry Breaking and New Dynamics at the TeV Scale The Standard Model: Good, Bad, Ugly The Standard Model New Dynamics and the TeV Scale Electroweak Symmetry Breaking Summary/Outlook The Hierarchy Problem The Strong Interactions Described at high energies by SU(3)c 0.3 ) µ ( 0.2s α 0.1 0 2 1 10 10 µ GeV Gustavo Burdman Electroweak Symmetry Breaking and New Dynamics at the TeV Scale The Standard Model: Good, Bad, Ugly The Standard Model New Dynamics and the TeV Scale Electroweak Symmetry Breaking Summary/Outlook The Hierarchy Problem The Electroweak Sector Electroweak interactions described by SU(2)L × U(1)Y Gauge Interactions Measurement Fit |Omeas−Ofit|/σmeas 0 1 2 3 (5) ∆αhad(mZ) 0.02758 ± 0.00035 0.02767 mZ [GeV] 91.1875 ± 0.0021 91.1874 ΓZ [GeV] 2.4952 ± 0.0023 2.4959 0 σhad [nb] 41.540 ± 0.037 41.478 Rl 20.767 ± 0.025 20.742 0,l Afb 0.01714 ± 0.00095 0.01643 Al(Pτ) 0.1465 ± 0.0032 0.1480 Rb 0.21629 ± 0.00066 0.21579 Rc 0.1721 ± 0.0030 0.1723 0,b Afb 0.0992 ± 0.0016 0.1038 0,c Afb 0.0707 ± 0.0035 0.0742 Ab 0.923 ± 0.020 0.935 Ac 0.670 ± 0.027 0.668 Al(SLD) 0.1513 ± 0.0021 0.1480 2 lept sin θeff (Qfb) 0.2324 ± 0.0012 0.2314 mW [GeV] 80.399 ± 0.025 80.378 ΓW [GeV] 2.098 ± 0.048 2.092 mt [GeV] 173.1 ± 1.3 173.2 March 2009 0 1 2 3 Gustavo Burdman Electroweak Symmetry Breaking and New Dynamics at the TeV Scale Central question: What is the origin of this spontaneous breaking ? Other questions: Fermion mass hierarchy, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis, ··· The Standard Model: Good, Bad, Ugly The Standard Model New Dynamics and the TeV Scale Electroweak Symmetry Breaking Summary/Outlook The Hierarchy Problem Spontaneously Broken Electroweak Sector But the electroweak gauge theory actually is spontaneously broken: SU(2)L × U(1)Y −! U(1)EM 2 MW , MZ , sin θW Observations consistent with this pattern of symmetry breaking Gustavo Burdman Electroweak Symmetry Breaking and New Dynamics at the TeV Scale Other questions: Fermion mass hierarchy, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis, ··· The Standard Model: Good, Bad, Ugly The Standard Model New Dynamics and the TeV Scale Electroweak Symmetry Breaking Summary/Outlook The Hierarchy Problem Spontaneously Broken Electroweak Sector But the electroweak gauge theory actually is spontaneously broken: SU(2)L × U(1)Y −! U(1)EM 2 MW , MZ , sin θW Observations consistent with this pattern of symmetry breaking Central question: What is the origin of this spontaneous breaking ? Gustavo Burdman Electroweak Symmetry Breaking and New Dynamics at the TeV Scale The Standard Model: Good, Bad, Ugly The Standard Model New Dynamics and the TeV Scale Electroweak Symmetry Breaking Summary/Outlook The Hierarchy Problem Spontaneously Broken Electroweak Sector But the electroweak gauge theory actually is spontaneously broken: SU(2)L × U(1)Y −! U(1)EM 2 MW , MZ , sin θW Observations consistent with this pattern of symmetry breaking Central question: What is the origin of this spontaneous breaking ? Other questions: Fermion mass hierarchy, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis, ··· Gustavo Burdman Electroweak Symmetry Breaking and New Dynamics at the TeV Scale The Standard Model: Good, Bad, Ugly The Standard Model New Dynamics and the TeV Scale Electroweak Symmetry Breaking Summary/Outlook The Hierarchy Problem Electroweak Symmetry Breaking and the Standard Model Implementation of the Higgs Mechanism: φ+ Introduce H = , the Higgs doublet: φ0 y µ L = (DµH) (D H) − V (H) SU(2)L × U(1)Y invariant 0 Interactions with gauge bosons in Dµ = @µ − gW~ µ − g Bµ 0 V (H) ) vacuum not invariant: hHi = v ) masses for3 out of the4 gauge bosons. Gustavo Burdman Electroweak Symmetry Breaking and New Dynamics at the TeV Scale The Standard Model: Good, Bad, Ugly The Standard Model New Dynamics and the TeV Scale Electroweak Symmetry Breaking Summary/Outlook The Hierarchy Problem Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking Superconductor: Electromagnetic gauge invariance is spontaneously broken. Material obeys Enormal = ESC +∆ Superconducting vacuum breaks U(1)EM ) Goldstone boson φ such that Aµ = @µφ minimizes energy. Magnetic Field vanishes inside ! flux exclusion (Meissner effect.) EM interactions become short range ) \Massive" Photon ) Higgs mechanism Gustavo Burdman Electroweak Symmetry Breaking and New Dynamics at the TeV Scale The Standard Model: Good, Bad, Ugly The Standard Model New Dynamics and the TeV Scale Electroweak Symmetry Breaking Summary/Outlook The Hierarchy Problem SSB in a Superconductor Effective Description: Superconductivity described by order parameter φ and the Landau-Ginzburg theory 2 V (φ) = −µ2 jφj2 + λ jφj2 Microscopic Description: BCS theory he−e−i6 = 0 V (φ) only an effective description of underlying dynamics Gustavo Burdman Electroweak Symmetry Breaking and New Dynamics at the TeV Scale The Standard Model: Good, Bad, Ugly The Standard Model New Dynamics and the TeV Scale Electroweak Symmetry Breaking Summary/Outlook The Hierarchy Problem Spontaneous Chiral Symmetry Breaking in QCD At low energies,Λ ∼ ΛQCD hQ¯LQR i 6= 0 g(E) ) SU(3)L × SU(3)R −! SU(3)V Λ E BelowΛ : π's, K's, η's and baryons. AboveΛ : quarks and gluons. QCD UV completion of strong interactions. Gustavo Burdman Electroweak Symmetry Breaking and New Dynamics at the TeV Scale The Standard Model: Good, Bad, Ugly The Standard Model New Dynamics and the TeV Scale Electroweak Symmetry Breaking Summary/Outlook The Hierarchy Problem What is the underlying dynamics of EWSB ? Examples suggest new dynamics underlying Higgs mechanism of EWSB Gustavo Burdman Electroweak Symmetry Breaking and New Dynamics at the TeV Scale The Standard Model: Good, Bad, Ugly The Standard Model New Dynamics and the TeV Scale Electroweak Symmetry Breaking Summary/Outlook The Hierarchy Problem The Hierarchy Problem But if Higgs elementary scalar quantum corrections drive mh up c2 δm2 ∼ Λ2 h 16π2 < We need ) mh ∼ 1 TeV 19 But ifΛ ! MP ∼ 10 GeV , unnatural ) Gauge Hierarchy Problem Gustavo Burdman Electroweak Symmetry Breaking and New Dynamics at the TeV Scale The Standard Model: Good, Bad, Ugly The Standard Model New Dynamics and the TeV Scale Electroweak Symmetry Breaking Summary/Outlook The Hierarchy Problem Solving the Hierarchy Problem and EWSB Need new physics atΛ ∼ 1 TeV New Dynamics New Dynamics generate Hierarchy and break Electroweak Symmetry Technicolor, Topcolor, Top see-saw, ··· Most compact extra-dimensional theories: mostly warped extra dimensions, LED New Symmetries Symmetries cancel quadratic divergencies, defer need for new dynamics. Electroweak symmetry broken radiatively. SUSY (e.g. dynamics to generate µ term) Little Higgs, Twin Higgs, ··· Gustavo Burdman Electroweak Symmetry Breaking and New Dynamics at the TeV Scale The Standard Model: Good, Bad, Ugly QCD-like Strong Dynamics New Dynamics and the TeV Scale Out-of-this-world Strong Dynamics Summary/Outlook New Dynamics at the TeV Scale New Dynamics at the TeV Scale Gustavo Burdman Electroweak Symmetry Breaking and New Dynamics at the TeV Scale The Standard Model: Good, Bad, Ugly QCD-like Strong Dynamics New Dynamics and the TeV Scale Out-of-this-world Strong Dynamics Summary/Outlook Strong Dynamics at the TeV Scale Analogy with QCD: New Strong Interaction: Technicolor Strong at MW MP Breaks Electroweak symmetry: hF¯LFR i= 6 0 Higgs Mechanism: g ± 0 ± TC (~π ; π~ ) ) (WL ; ZL) ) MW ; MZ Λ E TC ~ 1 TeV Gustavo Burdman Electroweak Symmetry Breaking and New Dynamics at the TeV Scale The Standard Model: Good, Bad, Ugly QCD-like Strong Dynamics New Dynamics and the TeV Scale Out-of-this-world Strong Dynamics Summary/Outlook Problems with Technicolor Electroweak Precision Bounds S parameter constraints: STC ∼ N But Minimal TC models OK Fermion Masses Need Extended Technicolor Fermion mass hierarchy ) need many ETC scales Heavier masses (mc , mτ ) require \walking". ETC cannot get mt ) Fermion mass hierarchy main problem for Technicolor Gustavo Burdman Electroweak Symmetry Breaking and New Dynamics at the TeV Scale The Standard Model: Good, Bad, Ugly QCD-like Strong Dynamics New Dynamics and the TeV Scale Out-of-this-world Strong Dynamics Summary/Outlook Modeling the New Dynamics of the TeV Scale New tools for modeling strongly coupled theories: Theories with Compact Extra Dimensions $ Strongly Coupled 4D Theories 3∆ KK Modes $ Radial Excitations 2∆ M ∼ ∆ $ Scale of Strong Interaction ∆ KK 0 ∆ related to size of extra dimension Gustavo Burdman Electroweak Symmetry Breaking and New Dynamics at the TeV Scale The Standard Model: Good, Bad, Ugly QCD-like Strong Dynamics New Dynamics and the TeV Scale Out-of-this-world Strong Dynamics Summary/Outlook Strong Dynamics from