Chapter 15 Organizer The Theory of Evolution Refer to pages 4T-5T of the Teacher Guide for an explanation of the National Science Education Standards correlations. Teacher Classroom Resources Activities/FeaturesObjectivesSection MastersSection TransparenciesReproducible Reinforcement and Study Guide, pp. 65-66 L2 Section Focus Transparency 37 L1 ELL Section 15.1 1. Summarize Darwin’s theory of natural MiniLab 15-1: Camouflage Provides an Section 15.1 selection. Adaptive Advantage, p. 406 Concept Mapping, p. 15 L3 ELL Natural Selection and 2. Explain how the structural and physio- Problem-Solving Lab 15-1, p. 407 Natural Selection Critical Thinking/Problem Solving, p. 15 L3 the Evidence for logical adaptations of organisms relate and the Evidence BioLab and MiniLab Worksheets, p. 71 L2 P Evolution to natural selection. for Evolution Laboratory Manual, pp. 103-108P L2 National Science Education 3. Distinguish among the types of evi- Content Mastery, pp. 73-74, 76 L1 Standards UCP.1-5; A.1, A.2; dence for evolution. P P C.3, C.4, C.6; F.4; G.1, G.3 P LS Reinforcement and Study Guide, pp. 67-68 L2 Section Focus Transparency 38 L1 ELL (2 sessions, 1 block) Section 15.2 LS P Critical Thinking/Problem Solving, p. 15 L3 Basic Concepts Transparency 21 L2 ELL Mechanisms of BioLab and MiniLab Worksheets,LS pp. 72-74P LSL2 Basic Concepts Transparency 22 L2 ELL Section 15.2 4. Summarize the effects of the different MiniLab 15-2: Detecting a Variation, p. 415 Evolution Content Mastery, pp. 73, 75-76 L1P LS Reteaching Skills Transparency 24 L1P ELL types of natural selection on gene pools. Internet BioLab: Natural Selection and LS P Mechanisms of 5. Relate changes in genetic equilibrium to Allelic Frequency, p. 422 Assessment Resources Additional Resources P Evolution mechanisms of speciation. Math Connection: Mathematics and P LSP P P National Science Education 6. Explain the role of natural selection in Evolution, p. 424 Chapter Assessment, pp. 85-90 LS Spanish Resources ELL LS Standards UCP.1-5; A.1, convergent and divergent evolution. P MindJogger Videoquizzes English/Spanish Audiocassettes ELL P LS A.2; C.1-4, C.6; F.4; G.1-3 P P Performance Assessment in the Biology Classroom Cooperative Learning in the Science Classroom LS (3 sessions, 2 blocks) LS LS COOP LEARN Alternate Assessment in the Science Classroom LessonLS Plans/Block SchedulingP LS Computer Test Bank P P LS P BDOL Interactive CD-ROM, Chapter 15 quiz LS LS Need Materials? Contact Carolina Biological Supply Company at 1-800-334-5551 KeyKey toto TeachingTeaching StrategiesStrategies or at http://www.carolina.com LS L1 Level 1 activities should be appropriate LS MATERIALS LIST for students with learning difficulties. LS LS LS L2 Level 2 activities should be within the BioLab Alternative Lab ability range of all students. Teacher’s p. 422 colored pencils (2), paper bag, p. 414 culture of Bacillus subtilis, 3 L3 Level 3 activities are designed for above- graph paper, pinto beans, white navy tubes of nutrient agar, tube of strepto- average students. Corner beans mycin agar, inoculation loop, petri The following multimedia resources are available from Glencoe. ELL ELL activities should be within the ability Products Available From Index to National dishes (2), Bunsen burner, wax pencil, range of English Language Learners. Biology: The Dynamics of Life MiniLabs National Geographic Society Geographic Magazine test tube CD-ROM ELL COOP LEARN Cooperative Learning activities To order the following products, The following articles may be p. 406 hole punch, paper, white and P are designed for small group work. Video: Galapagos Quick Demos P call National Geographic Society used for research relating to this black P Video: Adapted for Survival P These strategies represent student prod- at 1-800-368-2728: chapter: p. 415 ruler, unshelled peanuts (30) p. 402 photographs of automobile ucts that can be placed into a best-work Exploration: The Record of Life P Book “The Dawn of Humans: P P model portfolio. Exploration: Selection Pressure National Geographic Atlas of Redrawing Our Family Tree?” by p. 418 overhead projector LS These strategies are useful in a block LS World History Lee Berger, August 1998. Videodisc Program LS scheduling format. LS “Dinosaurs Take Wing,” by Geographic Isolation LS Jennifer Ackerman, July 1998. AdaptedLS for SurvivalLS “A Curious Kinship: Apes and The Infinite Voyage Humans,” by Eugene Linden, The Great Dinosaur Hunt May 1992. The Secret of Life Series It’s in the Genes: Evolution Camouflage: Caterpillars Camouflage: Spider Horse Evolution Patterns of Descent Gone Before You Know It: The Biodiversity Crisis 400A 400B ChapterChapter 1515 ChapterChapter SECTION PREVIEW Section Objectives Section 15.1 Summarize Darwin’s theory of natural 15.1 Natural Selection and the selection. ETTING TARTED EMO The Theory of Evolution GETTING STARTED DEMO 15 Explain how the Prepare Evidence for Evolution structural and physio- Kinesthetic Blindfold a logical adaptations of organisms relate to Key Concepts student volunteer. Then natural selection. place a couple of small, familiar What You’ll Learn ou need only to look around Students will study Charles you to see the diversity of Distinguish among objects, such as a stapler and a I You will analyze the theory the types of evidence Darwin’s concept of natural of evolution. Yorganisms on Earth. About for evolution. selection. They will also learn pen, on a desk and ask the vol- I You will compare and 150 years ago, Charles Darwin, unteer to identify the objects. Vocabulary about scientific evidence that contrast the processes who had studied an enormous Point out to the class that some artificial selection supports the theory of evolution. of evolution. variety of life forms, proposed an natural selection organisms that live in dark caves mimicry idea to explain how organisms successfully use senses other Why It’s Important camouflage Planning homologous structure P Evolution is a key concept probably change over time. than sight to monitor their envi- analogous structure I Collect photos of automobiles for understanding biology. Biologists still base their ronments. L1 ELL vestigial structure Evolution explains the diversity work on this idea because for the Quick Demo. embryo I of species and predicts changes. it explains the living Purchase pinto beans for the world they study. Project. LS I Theme DevelopmentP GETTING STARTED Obtain black and white con- The unity within diversity Identifying Variation struction paper and paper theme is apparent in this chapter. All populations have variations. punches for MiniLab 15-1. I The theme of evolution is also Hypothesize the most common An Asian leopard Obtain bird bones (chicken, eye color in your class. Now test and a cheetah (inset) evident. The theoryLS of evolution turkey, quail) for the Display. this hypothesis. I Gather photos of a variety of can explain Pthe diversity of organisms. To find out organisms for the Activity. more about evolution, visit the Glencoe Scientists wondered how fossils Science Web Site. Charles Darwin and formed, why many fossil species were www.glencoe.com/sec/science LS Natural Selection extinct, and what kinds of relation- 1 Focus If time does not permit teach- The modern theory of evolution is ships might exist between the extinct ing the entire chapter, use the a fundamental concept in biology. and the modern species. Bellringer BioDigest at the end of the Recall that evolution is the change in When geologists provided evi- Before presenting the lesson, unit as an overview. populations over time. Learning the dence indicating that Earth was display Section Focus Trans- principles of evolution makes it easier much older than many people had parency 37 on the overhead pro- to understand modern biology. One originally thought, biologists began jector and have students answer place to start is by learning about the to suspect that life slowly changes This crayfish (above) and cricket the accompanying questions. ideas of English scientist Charles over time, or evolves. Many explana- (inset) live in dark caves and are L1 ELL blind. They have sighted rela- Darwin (1809–1882)—ideas sup- tions about how species evolve have tives that live where there is ported by fossil evidence. been proposed, but the ideas first light. Both the cave- published by Charles Darwin are the Fossils shape ideas dwelling species and their basis of modern evolutionary theory. TransparencyP 37 Camouflage SECTION FOCUS Use with Chapter 15, relatives are adapted to about evolution Section 15.1 different environments. As Biologists have used fossils in their Darwin on HMS Beagle populations adapt to new or changing environments, work since the eighteenth century. In It took Darwin years to develop his individuals in the popula- fact, fossil evidence formed the basis theory of evolution. He began in LS tion that are adapted success- of the early evolutionary concepts. 1831 at age 21 when he took a job as fully survive. P 400 THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION 15.1 NATURAL SELECTION AND THE EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION 401 Snowshoe hare AssessmentAssessment PlannerPlanner LS in summer Look for the following logos for strategies that emphasize different learning modalities. Portfolio Assessment Knowledge Assessment Multiple Kinesthetic Getting Started Linguistic Portfolio, pp. 402, Snowshoe hare in winter Portfolio, TWE, pp. 402, 406, 407, 410, 420 MiniLab, TWE, p. 406 1 What is the advantage of this snowshoe hare’s seasonal color change? Demo, p. 400; Visual Learning, 406, 407; Meeting Individual Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Assessment, TWE, pp. 411, 419 Problem-Solving Lab, TWE, p. 407 2 The adaptation that allows an animal to blend in with Learning its environment is called camouflage. What examples p. 413 Needs, pp. 403, 419; Biology Journal, MiniLab, TWE, p.