International Conference on Research for Development (ICRD 2012) Research for Global Transformation Pre-conference Proceedings University of Bern, Switzerland 20–22 August 2012 (Light version without posters) NCCR North-South Dialogue, no. 44 2012 dialogue NCCR North-South, Management Centre, Centre for Development and Environment (CDE), University of Bern, Switzerland The NCCR North-South (Research Partnerships for Mitigating Syndromes of Global Change) is one of 27 National Centres of Competence in Research established by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF). It is implemented by the SNSF and co- funded by the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC), and the participating institu- tions. The NCCR North-South carries out discipli- nary, interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary research on issues relating to sustainable development in developing and transition countries as well as in Switzerland. http://www.north-south.unibe.ch International Conference on Research for Development (ICRD 2012) Research for Global Transformation Pre-conference Proceedings University of Bern, Switzerland 20-22 August 2012 (Light version without posters) NCCR North-South Dialogue, no. 44 2012 Citation NCCR North-South. 2012. International Conference on Research for Development (ICRD 2012): Research for Global Transforma- tion. Pre-conference Proceedings, light version without posters. University of Bern, Switzerland, 20–22 August 2012. NCCR North-South Dialogue 44. Bern, Switzerland: NCCR North-South. Series Editing Anne B. Zimmermann, NCCR North-South Acknowledgements This volume of Conference Pre-proceedings was conceptualized and prepared by the ICRD conference secretariat: Natalie Schäfer, Andrea Landolt, Thomas Breu, Hans Hurni, and Urs Wiesmann. We would like to thank all authors of abstracts and posters for their contributions to this volume. Our thanks also go to Marlène Thibault, Anu Lannen, Stephan Zach, and Anne B. Zimmermann for editing the abstracts; to Moritz Schönbächler for his careful compilation of the volume; and to Mirjam Lazzini for processing and printing the posters. Cover photo Traditional farmhouses coexist with high-rise buildings construct- ed in the early 1970s on the outskirts of Bern, Switzerland. (Photo by Natalie Schäfer) Distribution The PDF version of this paper can be downloaded from: http://www.north-south.unibe.ch under “Publications” © The authors and NCCR North-South Contents 1 Introduction 9 2 Abstracts of Keynotes and Parallel Sessions 11 Theme 1: Tackling Global Change: Enhancing Positive and Minimising Negative Effects Keynote 1 Transformation of Landscapes at the Interface of Global and Local Processes of Environmental Change (Peter Verburg) 12 Keynote 2 Climate Change: Disaster Risk Management and Adaptation for Enhancing Sustainability and Reducing Negative Impacts (Allen Lavell) 14 Session 1 Key Global Challenges in Water and Sanitation from the Perspective of the NCCR North-South 15 Determining and Evaluating Behaviour Change Techniques in the Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Sector 16 Session 2 Pathways to Sustainable Bioenergy 25 Session 3 Green Growth and Poverty Reduction 30 Session 4 Environmental Conflicts Revisited: Institutional Change, Natural Resource Use and Conflicts 35 Session 5 Adaptation to Climate Change: Actors, Resources, and Livelihoods 42 Session 6 Global Megatrends: Threats and Opportunities for Mountain Development 49 Session 7 Large-scale Land Acquisitions in the Global South: Towards a Research Agenda for the Coming Years 54 Session 8 Water and Land Management and Governance 61 Session 9 Landscape Transformation: Changing Services of Land in a Globalised World 67 Theme 2: Reducing Disparity: Narrowing Regional, Social, and Individual Inequalities Keynote 1 Development in a Changing World: Security Breeds Security (Abid Qaiyum Suleri) 72 Keynote 2 The Challenge of Multiple Inequalities and Transformative Social Change (Shahra Razavi) 73 Session 10 Beyond the MDGs: Rethinking State Involvement in Poverty Reduction and Development 74 Session 11 Highly Skilled Return Migrants: Enhancing Positive Effects 79 Session 12 Livelihood Futures in Resource-scarce Regions: How Will Food Entitlement Improve? 84 Session 13 The Sanitation-Health Nexus 89 Session 14 Effects of Global and National Policies on Rural Women’s Livelihoods and Agency 96 Session 15 Social Equity and Resilience for Health: Towards Research as Development 101 Session 16 Going Beyond Basic Needs: New Opportunities to Reduce Inequalities in the Metropolises of the Global South 106 Session 17 Making the Labour Market Work for the Poor: Pathways Towards Inclusive Development? 111 Session 18 Statebuilding Versus Peacebuilding? The Construction of Political Legitimacy in Fragile and (Post-)Conflict Contexts 116 Theme 3: Enhancing Diversity: Fostering Cultural and Natural Heritage Keynote 1 Biodiversity, Self-organization, and Sustainability (Peter Edwards) 122 Keynote 2 Interdisciplinarity and Interculturality (Luis Tapia) 123 Session 19 Reconciling Cultural Diversity and Biodiversity: Assessing the Role of Communal Reserves, Community Conservation, and Other Models 124 Session 20 Governance of Bio-cultural Diversity: Challenges in Integrating Socio-cultural and Ecological Processes in Sustainable Development 132 Session 21 Legal Pluralism and Transformations of the Commons: Lessons for New Bottom-up Institutional Designs 140 Theme 4: Enabling Research in Global Transformation: Learning from Current Experiences Keynote 1 Maximising the Impact of Research for Development: The Challenge and Possible Solutions (John Young) 145 Keynote 2 [Abstract Missing] (Hassan Mshinda) 146 Session 23 What Makes Development-Oriented Research Partnerships Effective? Looking Back to Move Forward 147 Session 24 Advances and Constraints in North-South Technology Transfer and Delivery 152 Session 25 Showcasing Research Products 157 Session 26 Towards an Integrated Development Research Approach 162 Session 27 When Does Knowledge Have an Impact? The Interaction of “Science” and “Policy” in Development and Peacebuilding 167 Session 28 The Impact of Research on Policy: The Case of Stakeholder Dialogues in Development-Oriented Research 172 Session 29 How to Get Transdisciplinary Work in a North–South Context Published: Learning From Experiences 180 3 Posters (not available in this version of the reader) 185 Session-Related Posters 186 NCCR North-South PhD Posters 216 4 Conference Programme 276 Index of First Authors (Abstracts and Posters) 279 Introduction 1 Introduction Background and scope of the ICRD 2012 In order to make global transformation a reality, societies in the global North and South will need to agree to work towards sustainable development together. This re- quires mutual understanding of one another’s values and norms, adequate political tools, more cooperation, mutual respect for cultural diversity, and sustainable use of natural resources. Among the tools that have proved adequate to achieve these goals are inter- and transdisciplinary approaches and North–South research partnerships. The International Conference on Research for Development (ICRD 2012) is organised by the Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) North-South. The NCCR North-South involves over 350 individuals at more than 150 institutions in over 40 countries worldwide. These individuals and institutions are eager to learn from other programmes’ experiences, to share their own insights, and to help shape research policy for the future. The 3rd ICRD on Research for Global Transformation is the NCCR North-South’s last major event, and, as such, will be a showcase for what the 12-year programme has achieved since it was launched in 2001. The conference will bring together more than 300 researchers and representatives from development agencies, civil-society organisations, and the private sector to discuss experiences with research partnerships and with inter- and transdisciplinary approaches. The ICRD 2012’s main objectives are to: • Share and discuss the most recent insights on development-oriented research conducted in North–South partnerships; • Outline an agenda for research partnerships with developing and transition countries in support of more equitable and sustainable global transformation. Conference themes The conference programme includes keynote speeches, plenary sessions, poster pres- entations, and parallel workshop sessions on specific topics, offering presenters and participants an opportunity for productive exchange. Contributions are grouped around four major themes: 1. Tackling global change: enhancing positive and minimising negative effects Never in history has human development altered the Earth’s bio-physical setting and social contexts more than at present. On the one hand, the resilience of natural re- sources is diminishing, and changes in climate, land use and land cover, water use, and biodiversity have been mostly negative. Given global trends for the coming 40 years, the resilience of the entire Earth’s life support systems are at stake. On the other hand, 9 North-South Introduction dialogue many processes of global change that relate to human development have been posi- tive, despite persisting demographic growth and an absolute increase of the number of people affected by poverty. These processes are agents of change that can be used for furthering global transformation. 2. Reducing disparity: narrowing regional, social, and individual inequalities Poverty and social disparity are major global problems that