Initial Environment Examination Project Number: 47229-001 December 2015 IND: Uttarakhand Emergency Assistance Project (UEAP) Package: UEAP/PWD/C-86 & UEAP/PWD/C-88 Submitted by Project implementation Unit –UEAP (Roads and Bridges), Dehradun This initial environment examination report has been submitted to ADB by the Project implementation Unit – UEAP (Roads and Bridges), Dehradun and is made publicly available in accordance with ADB’s public communications policy (2011). It does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB. This initial environment examination report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Initial Environmental Examination November 2015 India: Uttarakhand Emergency Assistance Project Restoration & Reconstruction of : (1) Rajpur Kuthalgate Motor Road (UEAP/PWD/C-86) District Dehradun, Uttarakhand (2) Selaqui Bhauwala Dunga Nandaki Chowki Road(UEAP/PWD/C- 88) District Dehradun, Uttarakhand Prepared by State Disaster Management Authority, Government of Uttarakhand, for the Asian Development Bank. i ABBREVIATIONS ADB - Asian Development Bank ASI - Archaeological Survey of India BOQ - Bill of Quantity CTE - Consent to Establish CTO - Consent to Operate DFO - Divisional Forest Officer DSC - Design and Supervision Consultancy DOT - Department of Tourism CPCB - Central Pollution Control Board EA - Executing Agency EAC - Expert Appraisal Committee EARF - Environment Assessment and Review Framework EC - Environmental Clearance EIA - Environmental Impact Assessment EMMP - Environment Management and Monitoring Plan EMP - Environment Management Plan GoI - Government of India GRM - Grievance Redressal Mechanism IA - Implementing Agency IEE - Initial Environmental Examination IST - Indian Standard Time LPG - Liquid Petroleum Gas MDR - Major District Road MoEF&CC - Ministry of Environment and Forests & Climate Change NAAQS - National Ambient Air Quality Standards NDBR - Nanda Devi Biospher Reserve NDNP - Nanda Devi National Park NH - National Highway ODR - Other District Road OM - Operations Manual PIU - Project Implementation Unit PMU - Project Management Unit PWD - Public Works Department REA - Rapid Environmental Assessment RSPM - Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter SDMA - State Disaster Management Authority SH - State Highway SPCB - State Pollution Control Board SPM - Suspended Particulate Matter SPS - Safeguards Policy Statement SRTC - State Road Transport Corporation UCADA - Uttarakhand Civil Aviation Development Authority UEAP - Uttarakhand Emergency Assistance Project UEPPCB - Uttarakhand Environment Protection and Pollution Control Board UJS - Uttarakhand Jal Sansthan VR - Village Road ii WEIGHTS AND MEASURES cm - centimeter Crore – 100 lakhs = 10,000,000 Lakh – 100 thousand = 100,000 Km – Kilometer Kph - Kilometer per hour Lpd – liters per day M – Meter mg/l – milligrams per liter Mm – Millimeter MSL - Mean sea level µ - 10-6 meter µg/m3 – micrograms per cubic meter µS/cm - micro Siemens per centimeter NTU - Nephalo turbidity unit Ppm – parts per million iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapters Contents Page No. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 I INTRODUCTION 4 A. Project background/rationale 4 B. Uttarakhand Emergency Assistance Project (UEAP) 4 C. Purpose of the environmental assessment 5 D. Extent of IEE 5 E. IEE contents 5 F. Methodology 6 G. Public consultation 7 II POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK 8 III DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 13 A. Project location 14 B. Proposed category of the project 14 C. Key rehabilitation and reconstruction activities 14 D. Project implementation schedule 14 IV DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 16 A. Physical environment 16 1. Geography 16 2. Geology 16 3. Physiography 17 B. Pedology 17 C. Climate and meteorology 20 D. Air and noise quality 21 E. Hydrology 24 1. Water drainage 24 2. Water quality 24 F. Mineral resources 29 G. Seismology 30 H. Ecology 30 1. Forestry 30 2. Biodiversity 33 3. Biosphere reserves 36 4. Fishery 34 I. Socio-economic 37 1. Social and cultural development 38 2. Land use and land use pattern 39 J. Health 40 K. Literacy 41 L. Cultural and archaeological resources 41 M. Economic development 41 1. Transportation and communication 41 2. Industrial development 42 3. Agriculture, forestry and fishery 43 N. Fisheries 47 O. Energy and electric power potential 47 P. Aesthetic and tourism 48 V ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION 49 MEASURES 5.1 Negative impacts related project location, preliminary planning and Design 49 A. Impact and mitigation measure during planning and design phase 49 B. Impacts during construction phase 50 a. Impacts on the physical environment and mitigation measures 50 iv i. alteration of surface water hydrology of waterways crossed by 50 roads, resulting in increased sediment in streams affected by increased soil erosion at construction site. ii. Impacts on water quality 50 iii. Disfiguration of landscape by road embankments, cuts, fills and 51 quarries. iv. Loss of productive soil 51 v. Compaction and contamination of soil 51 b. Impacts on environmental quality 52 i. Increase in local air pollution due to rock crushing, and filling works 52 and chemicals from asphalt processing. ii. Noise and vibration from civil works 53 C. Impacts on the socio-economic 53 i. Encroachment on historical and cultural areas 53 ii. Impacts on occupational health and safety 53 iii. Impacts on community health and safety 54 VI INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION 56 A. Public participation during the preparation of the IEE 56 B. Future consultation and disclosure 59 C. Consultation during detailed design 59 D. Consultation during construction 59 E. Public disclosure 59 F. Project disclosure 60 VII GRIEVANCE AND REDRESS MECHANISM 61 VIII ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN 62 A. Environment management plan 62 B. Institutional arrangement 62 I. UEAP, SDMA (PMU) 63 II. UEAP, IA, FPIU 63 III. The Engineer (DSC) 64 IV. Environmental expert of engineer (DSC) 64 V. The Contractor 64 C. Environmental monitoring programme 92 D. Performance indicators 92 E. Environmental budget 95 IX CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 97 v LIST OF TABLES TABLE II-1 : Applicable environmental national and state requirements for UEAP 8 TABLE III-1 : Distribution of road sections to be upgraded under UEAP, by hierarchy 14 and length TABLE IV-1 : Main geologic units in Dehadun District 17 TABLE IV-2 : The soil types of district Dehradun 18 TABLE IV-3 : Soil Quality along the Rajpur Kuthalgate Motor Road 19 TABLE IV-4 : Soil Quality along the Selaqui Bhauwala Dunga Nandaki Chowki Road 19 TABLE IV-5 : Doon Valley Climate data 21 TABLE IV-6 : Ambient Air Quality along the Rajpur Kuthalgate Road 22 TABLE IV-7 : Ambient Air Quality along the Selaqui Bhauwala Dunga Nandaki Chowki 22 Road TABLE IV-8 : Day and Night Time Leq in the Rajpur Kuthalgate Road 23 TABLE IV-9 : Day and Night Time Leq in the Selaqui Bhauwala Dunga Nandaki Chowki 24 Road TABLE IV-10 : Water Quality along the Rajpur Kuthalgate Road 25 TABLE IV-11 : Water Quality along the Selaqui Bhauwala Dunga Nandaki Chowki Road 27 TABLE IV-12 : Availability of important minerals (million tonnes) 29 TABLE IV-13 : District-wise forest cover, Uttarakhand 31 TABLE IV-14 Predominant top-canopy (tree) species according to altitude 32 TABLE IV-15 : Wildlife in Uttarakhand 33 TABLE IV-16 : National parks in Uttarakhand 34 TABLE IV-17 : Wildlife sanctuaries in Uttarakhand 34 TABLE IV-18 : List of major flora 34 TABLE IV-19 : List of major fauna 35 TABLE IV-20 : Land utilisation in Uttarakhand 39 TABLE IV-21 : Health indicators of Uttarakhand 40 TABLE IV-22 : Health infrastructure of Uttarakhand 40 TABLE IV-23 : Transportation of Uttarakhand state. 42 TABLE IV-24 : Area under principal crops and productivity in Uttarakhand 45 TABLE IV-25 : Ecological sub-regions and altitude-wise major agriculture crops 46 TABLE IV-26 : Mode of irrigation and drainage system in Uttarakhand 47 TABLE VIII-1 : Environmental Management & Monitoring Plan 66 TABLE VIII-2 : The Performance Indicators & Monitoring Plan 92 TABLE VIII-3 : Environmental Monitoring for Air, Water, Noise & Soil 94 TABLE VIII-4 : Environmental Budget for Rajpur Kuthalgate Road 95 TABLE VIII-5 : Environmental Budget for Selaqui Bhauwala Dunga Nandaki Chowki 96 Road LIST OF FIGURES SL. NO FIGURES PAGE NO. FIGURE-I Process flow for carrying out IEE 6 FIGURE- 2 Location of Project site 15 FIGURE- G-1 Seismic Zonetion map of India 30 FIGURE-H-1 Forest cover by State 2011 30 FIGURE-H-2 Uttarakhand’s Forest Cover Map 31 FIGURE-H-3- Forest Type in Uttarakhand 32 vi LIST OF APPENDICES APPENDIX A Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist 98 APPENDIX B Public consultation record 111 APPENDIX C Site photographs 118 APPENDIX D Disposal site management 120 APPENDIX 1 Environmental standards 123 APPENDIX 2 Oil inceptors 129 APPENDIX 3 Typical bituminous disposal pit 130 APPENDIX 4 Work safety in common operation and in construction 131 APPENDIX 5 Tree plantation strategy 140 APPENDIX 6 Enhancement measures 144 APPENDIX 7 Guidelines for management of road section through forest area 146 APPENDIX 8 Arrangement of traffic during construction 148 APPENDIX 9