University of Warwick institutional repository: http://go.warwick.ac.uk/wrap A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of PhD at the University of Warwick http://go.warwick.ac.uk/wrap/58914 This thesis is made available online and is protected by original copyright. Please scroll down to view the document itself. Please refer to the repository record for this item for information to help you to cite it. Our policy information is available from the repository home page. In-between zones: the impact of class and ethnicity on engagement with the Birmingham Repertory Theatre’s youth theatre (The Young REP) By Natalie Hart A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Arts Education University of Warwick, Institute of Education August 2013 Contents Acknowledgments ............................................................................................................... 8 Declaration by candidate .................................................................................................... 9 Related publications and conference papers ..................................................................... 10 Conferences and Seminars ............................................................................................ 10 Published Work ............................................................................................................. 10 Abstract ............................................................................................................................ 11 Prologue ........................................................................................................................... 12 Chapter One: Introduction ................................................................................................ 18 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 18 Research Focus ............................................................................................................. 18 Key theoretical considerations ...................................................................................... 19 Collaborative Doctoral Award ........................................................................................ 19 Structure of the thesis ................................................................................................... 20 Chapter Two: Setting the scene ......................................................................................... 21 My history with the Birmingham Rep ............................................................................ 21 The history of diversity in the Arts in England ................................................................ 23 The Arts Britain Ignores ............................................................................................. 23 The Macpherson report ............................................................................................. 23 Arts Council Policy ..................................................................................................... 25 The history of the Birmingham Rep ............................................................................... 27 Diversity and The REP .................................................................................................... 29 History of Outreach at The REP ..................................................................................... 32 History of youth theatre at The REP............................................................................... 35 1 Youth Theatre Nationally ............................................................................................... 37 Status ........................................................................................................................ 37 Demographics ........................................................................................................... 38 Location .................................................................................................................... 38 Youth Theatre Locally .................................................................................................... 38 Chapter Three: Literature Review ...................................................................................... 40 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 40 Multiculturalism ............................................................................................................ 41 Definitions of multiculturalism .................................................................................. 41 Troubling Multiculturalism ........................................................................................ 44 My definition of Multiculturalism .............................................................................. 55 Race, ethnicity and identity ........................................................................................... 56 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 56 Definitions of race and ethnicity ................................................................................ 56 Troubling race and ethnicity ...................................................................................... 57 Moving forwards ....................................................................................................... 59 Identity...................................................................................................................... 60 How I will use the terms race, ethnicity and identity .................................................. 61 Internationalism and Globalisation ................................................................................ 63 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 63 Definition of Internationalism .................................................................................... 63 Definition of globalisation.......................................................................................... 64 Definition of Cosmopolitanism .................................................................................. 64 How Internationalism relates to this research............................................................ 65 Diaspora .................................................................................................................... 67 Role of technology..................................................................................................... 68 Fears about globalisation ........................................................................................... 69 2 Advocates of globalisation ......................................................................................... 69 Conclusion ................................................................................................................. 69 Class .............................................................................................................................. 71 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 71 Definitions of class .................................................................................................... 72 Troubling class ........................................................................................................... 73 Arguments in support of the use of the term class ..................................................... 75 How class impacts on equality ................................................................................... 76 Class and race............................................................................................................ 79 How I am using the term class ................................................................................... 79 Community ................................................................................................................... 81 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 81 Definition .................................................................................................................. 81 History of community ................................................................................................ 82 Local and global communities .................................................................................... 83 Belonging to a community ......................................................................................... 83 Contesting community .............................................................................................. 84 Ethnic communities ................................................................................................... 84 Self- enclosure and ghettos ....................................................................................... 85 Community through dialogue and the public sphere.................................................. 86 Conclusion ................................................................................................................. 87 Space and place ...........................................................................................................