UNIVERSITY OF SZCZECIN SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL NO. 876 ECONOMIC PROBLEMS OF TOURISM VOL. 3 (31) SZCZECIN 2015 Board of editors Adam Bechler, Tomasz Bernat, Anna Cedro, Paweł Cięszczyk Piotr Michałowski, Małgorzata Ofiarska, Aleksander Panasiuk Grzegorz Wejman, Dariusz Wysocki, Renata Ziemińska Marek Górski – Chair Radosław Gaziński – Executive Editor of the Szczecin University Press Scientific board Ausrine Armaitiene, Klaipeda University, Lithuania Volkan Altinta, Bonn University, Germany Stefan Bosiacki, Poznan Academy of Physical Education, Poland Nerine Bresler, University of Johannesburg, South Africa Barbara Marciszewska, Gdynia Maritime University, Poland Aleksander Panasiuk, University of Szczecin, Poland Andrzej Rapacz, Wroclaw University of Economics, Poland Maija Rozite, School of Business Administration Turiba, Tourism Department, Latvia Józef Sala, Cracow University of Economics, Poland Ralf Scheibe, Universität Greifswald, Germany Muzaffer Uysal, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, USA Bogdan Włodarczyk, University of Lodz, Poland The list of reviewers is on the journal’s website www.wzieu.pl Scientific editor dr hab. Beata Meyer prof. US Subject editor dr Agnieszka Sawińska Editorial secretary Marta Bordun Statistical editor dr Marcin Hundert Proofreading Beata Zawadka Technical editorial and text design Marcin Kaczyński Cover design Tomasz Mańkowski Paper version of the journal is an original version Economic Problems of Tourism is indexed in BazEkon database. Abstracts of all articles are available at: http://kangur.uek.krakow.pl/bazy_ae/bazekon/nowy/index.php Economic Problems of Tourism are included in CABI and Index Copernicus database © Copyright by Uniwersytet Szczeciński, Szczecin 2015 ISSN 1640-6818 ISSN 1644-0501 SZCZECIN UNIVERSITY PRESS Edition I. Publishing sheet size 16,5. Printing sheet size 18,75. Printed copies 100. Table of contents Introduction 5 THEORETICAL PROBLEMS OF TOURISM DEVELOPMENT Marlena Bednarska – Moderators of Job Characteristics – Job Satisfaction Relationship in the Tourism Industry 9 Katarzyna Biełuszko – Customer Ratings as a Tool for the Information Asymmetry Reduction in the Hospitality Market 25 Leszek Butowski – The Scientific Identity of Tourism Research. Polish Views versus Those of Foreign Academia 39 Katarzyna Wojciechowska – Preparing a Preschool Age Child for Tourism and Local History Exploration 75 FUNCTIONING OF TOURISM MARKET Maria Hełdak, Sylwia Rak, Jakub Szczepański – The Collection of Betterment Levies in Relation to the Division of Real Estate in the Rural Commune of Zielona Góra 89 Aleksandra Grobelna – Extraversion and its Importance in the Hospitality Workplace. Analyzing the Selected Job Outcomes 105 Aleksander Panasiuk – The Structure of the Health Resort Tourism Brand 125 Anna Pawlikowska-Piechotka, Anna Ostrowska-Tryzno – Innovative Local Community Partnership and Sustainable Urban Tourism – the Old Town in Warsaw 139 Daniel Puciato, Agnieszka Gawlik – Using Conceptions of Knowledge Management in Selected Travel Agencies in the Tarnów Sub-Region 159 REGIONAL ASPECTS OF TOURISM Grażyna Anna Ciepiela, Anna Balińska – The Income from Accommodation and Food Services in Eco-Agritouristic Farms in the Eastern Poland 181 Edyta Gheribi – Factors Affecting the Development of Catering Enterprises in Poland 207 4 Eleonora Gonda-Soroczyńska, Maria Hełdak – The Tourist Attractiveness of Rural Spas on the Example of Przerzeczyn-Zdrój and Długopole-Zdrój 221 Joanna Kosmaczewska – The Negative effects of Tourism Development in the Perception of Residents of Different Types of Rural Communities 239 Piotr Oleśniewicz, Mariusz Sołtysik, Julita Markiewicz-Patkowska, Justyna Cieplik – School Tourism as Part of Physical Education in the Light of Tourist Activities Declared by High School Students in Wrocław, Poland 259 Katarzyna Orfin, Marta Sidorkiewicz, Anna Tokarz-Kocik – Human Resource Management in Chain Hotels on the Example of the Radisson Blu Hotel in Szczecin 287 INTRODUCTION An increase in the number of tourists and tourist travels, now ongoing for decades, has produced multiple and far-reaching results. They are direct or in- direct, of diverse intensity and concern the socio-economic system and the natural environment in their entirety. An effect the easiest to indentify is the economic benefits achieved not only by enterprises involved in the processes of tourist service, but also (or even mainly) by tourism regions. The obviousness of positive effects of tourist arrivals contributes to treating tourism as an area develop- ment standard, one which mobilizes this area’s competitive position (or allows for maintaining a high one) among other areas. Nowadays, the majority of areas (both urban and rural), regardless of its nature or dominant function, uses tour- ism as an element of their development strategy recognizing that it is simply a developmental opportunity, and regardless of objective local determinants. The wide range of relations between tourism and human/society, economy, spatial systems, and the natural environment spurs the development of research areas in many fields of science, at the same time creating favourable conditions for interdisciplinary research. The “Tourism Economic Problems” series published within the Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego (The Scientific Journal of Szczecin University) presents the research findings and achievements of scientists from the Polish and foreign scholarly centres. The layout of the journal enables the pres- entation of studies on a diversity of problems related both to the theoretical issues of tourism as examined from the point of view of various fields of science and to the determinants and effects of tourism development on the economic plane, the latter including the tourism service market, functioning of tourism enter- prises, tourism development over the world and regional problems of tourism development. The current issue of the journal presents the “tripartite” image of tourism, i.e. its theoretical aspects, its service market, and the regional prob- lems of tourism development. Beata Meyer THeoreticAL Problems of Tourism DEVelopment SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL NO. 876 ECONOMIC PROBLEMS OF TOURISM Vol. 3 (31) 2015 DOI:10.18276/ept.2015.3.31-01 Marlena Bednarska* Poznań University of Economics and Business Moderators Of Job Characteristics – JOB SATiSfACTiON RELATiONSHiP IN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY Abstract Human capital is generally recognised as the foundation of competitive advantage in the modern economy. Hence methods of work environment development have at- tracted more attention to recruit and retain high-quality job candidates. The purpose of the paper is to identify factors that moderate the relationship between job character- istics and job satisfaction in the tourism industry. Individual, organizational, and na- tional components have been put under investigation. The paper analyses results of the 5th European Working Condition Survey run by Eurofound. The investigation reveals that the overall satisfaction with work in tourism is associated primarily with social value, followed by economic value, job content, and development value. Job character- istics – job satisfaction relationship is moderated by employment status of respondents, company size, type of activity, and T&T contribution to employment. Keywords: job satisfaction, job characteristics, tourism industry, European Union Introduction It is generally recognised that human capital is the foundation of competi- tive advantage in the modern economy. The ultimate source of value creation are operant resources – the employees’ knowledge, skills, and abilities uti- * E-mail address: [email protected] 10 Marlena Bednarska lised to create a differentiated and valued offering in the marketplace.1 With the growing recognition of the critical role of the customer-employee interaction in the service delivery both practitioners and researchers have paid close atten- tion to the methods of attracting and retaining employees who are committed to the set of values and organisational goals of the company.2 Developing strategies to foster job satisfaction helps recruit workers who will maintain a positive, long-term employer-employee relationship and who will contribute to the ef- ficient and effective delivery of services, thus to the market success of the service organisation. Due to the engagement in transmitting the brand’s values and creating an emotional bond with customers, the role of the service provider in the consumer’s perception of the service organisation is fundamental. This is particularly so in tourism companies where the visitor experience is based, to an enormous extent, on the interaction with employees. By adapting to the individual customer requirements and enabling the co-creation of a personalised service experience, staff has the potential to influence the perceived value3 and, subsequently, visitor satisfaction. This is why tourism companies must take measures to effectively manage their service providers to ensure that their attitudes and behaviours are commensurate with customer relationship objectives.4 The purpose of the paper is to identify factors that moderate the relationship between job characteristics and job satisfaction in the tourism industry. Individual, organisational, and national components were put under investigation. In the pa- per, the results of the 5th European Working Condition Survey run by European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions in 2010 is ana-