Syntax WS Part I. Parts of Speech Exercise 1. Underline the words that are within the lexical class (i.e., the part of speech) of each box. Then provide an example of your own. Example. VERB: We walked under the tree. EXAMPLE: jog 1. Noun Example I rode the bus yesterday. cat 2. Verb Example I took my time at the bank. drove 3. Adjective Example The old and yellowed pages fell out of the textbook. orange, cute 4. Preposition Example We built our tree house in the tree. on, around, by 5. Determiner Example I couldn’t understand that lecture. that, a, our, their 6. Auxiliary Example We could think of no other option. would, should 7. Pronoun Example I gave them the keys. Her, me, us Exercise 2. Label the lexical class of each word in the following sentences. Example: We walked in the park. we walked in the park N V Prep Det N A. That man wears sweaters with stripes. That man wears sweaters with stripes Det N V N Prep N B. My friend eats a small snack in the park at lunch. My friend eats a small snack in the park at lunch Det N V Det Adj N Prep Det N Prep N C. The customer handed the cashier her money. The customer handed the cashier her money Det N V Det N Det N Part II. Syntax Exercise 1. As we go through the following chart, fill in the blanks as necessary and provide examples of each type of phrase. Phrases Examples a. DP: Determiner phrase Contains a determiner (e.g., the, a, our, his, etc.) and a noun phrase a pink flamingo, Ex/ ‘the school’, ‘her green cat’ b. NP: Noun Phrase Contains a noun and is always part of a DP Can be modified by adjective phrases old tree, science Ex/ ‘spoiled milk’, ‘extremely fast squirrel’ c. AP: Adjective Phrase Contains an adjective and is always nested within an NP Can be modified by an adverb talented, extremely small Ex/ ‘happy’, ‘really excited’ d. PP: Preposition Phrase Contains a preposition and a DP near that cute mouse, for my health Ex/ ‘into the car’, ‘with my dog’ e. VP: Verb Phrase Contains a verb and optionally a DP (as a direct object or indirect object) Can also be modified by a PP write a play Ex/ ‘catch the ball’, ‘sing in the shower’ plant a succulent in the garden e. IP: Inflectional Phrase The ‘sentence’ level Contains an inflectional unit (tense or auxiliary), a subject (DP), and a predicate (VP) We hopped around the yard. I worked on the syntax assignment. Ex/ ‘She saw [PST] the llama’, ‘I shouldn’t [AUX] eat that pie’ Exercise II. Given the following phrase structure rules, draw an appropriate syntactic tree. A. Determiner Phrase (DP): DP→ (Det) (PP) (NP) Example. The bus 1. Our car 2. Those trees Adjective Phrase (AP) AP → (Adv) A Example. The extremely careful artist 2. My really smart friend Prepositional Phrase (PP) PP→ P (DP) Example. Some of my friends 1. Three of our books 2. On the road 4. Beside a turtle B. Verb Phrases (VP) → V (NP) (PP) (CP) Example. Sing the song 1. Type the notes 2. Ride the train 3. Take your time D. Inflectional Phrases (IP) IP →I VP Example. Could go to the store 1. Would swim in the pool Tensed Inflectional Phrase (IP) IP→I VP Example. The teacher knows 1. The children stayed Exercise III. Complements vs. Adjuncts • Complements: necessary as part of a phrase (e.g., ‘saw the tree’) • Adjuncts: add additional information (e.g., ‘saw the tree in the park’) Underline the adjuncts and circle the complements in the following phrases. 1. the use of computers in schools 2. my really smart friend plays soccer after school 3. called my mom in the morning .