ENERGY PROFILE Eswatini SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL 7: ENERGY INDICATORS (2017) Renewable energy (% of TFEC) 60.6 Access to electricity (% of population) n.a. Energy efficiency (MJ per $1 of GDP) 4.1 Access to clean cooking (% of population) 52 Public flows renewables (2017 USD M) n.a. Per capita renewable capacity (W/person) 150.3 TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY (TPES) TPES 2012 2017 Total primary energy supply in 2017 Non-renewable (TJ) 15 219 13 390 Oil Renewable (TJ) 31 419 30 516 Total (TJ) 46 639 43 906 27% Gas Renewable share (%) 67 70 Nuclear Growth in TPES 2012-17 2016-17 Non-renewable (%) -12.0 -13.2 Coal + others 70% 4% Renewable (%) -2.9 +9.0 Total (%) -5.9 +1.1 Renewables Primary energy trade 2012 2017 Renewable energy supply in 2017 Imports (TJ) 16 426 17 033 3%0% Exports (TJ) 6 418 11 338 Hydro/marine Net trade (TJ) - 10 008 - 5 695 Wind Imports (% of supply) 35 39 Exports (% of production) 18 31 Solar Energy self-sufficiency (%) 79 84 Bioenergy Net trade (USD million) - 301 - 160 97% Net trade (% of GDP) -6.2 -3.6 Geothermal RENEWABLE ENERGY CONSUMPTION Consumption by source 2012 2017 Renewable energy consumption in 2017 Electricity (TJ) 3 664 4 524 Electricity Heat (TJ) 0 0 Bioenergy (TJ) 8 348 6 537 Heat Solar + geothermal (TJ) 0 0 41% Total (TJ) 12 012 11 061 Bioenergy Electricity share (%) 31 41 59% Consumption growth 2012-17 2016-17 Solar + Renewable electricity (%) +23.5 +9.1 geothermal Other renewables (%) -21.7 -17.0 Total (%) -7.9 -8.0 Industry 13% Consumption by sector 2012 2017 Industry (TJ) 4 063 6 401 Transport Transport (TJ) 0 0 29% Households (TJ) 6 205 3 251 58% Households Other (TJ) 1 744 1 409 Renewable share of TFEC 60.6 Other ELECTRICITY CAPACITY AND GENERATION Capacity in 2019 MW % Renewable capacity in 2019 Non-renewable 10 6 Renewable 169 94 Hydro/marine Hydro/marine 62 35 Solar 1 1 Solar 37% Wind 0 0 Bioenergy 106 59 Wind Geothermal 0 0 63% Total 179 100 Bioenergy Capacity change (%) 2014-19 2018-19 1% Geothermal Non-renewable 0 0.0 Renewable + 0 0.0 Net capacity change (MW) Hydro/marine 0 0.0 Non-renewable Renewable Solar + 16 0.0 2 Wind 0 0.0 0 Bioenergy 0 0.0 Geothermal 0 0.0 - 2 Total + 0 0.0 - 4 - 6 Net capacity change in 2019 (MW) - 8 Non-renewable Hydro and marine - 10 - 12 0 0 - 14 Solar Wind - 16 - 18 0 0 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Bioenergy Geothermal Capacity utilisation in 2018 (%) 0 0 Fossil Nuclear Generation in 2018 GWh % Hydro/Mar 39 Non-renewable 0 0 Solar 16 Renewable 412 100 Hydro and marine 211 51 Wind Solar 1 0 Bio 22 Wind 0 0 Bioenergy 200 48 Geo Geothermal 0 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 Total 412 100 Per capita electricity generation (kWh) Renewable generation (GWh) Total Renewable Hydro/marine Solar Wind Bio Geo 500 600 400 400 300 200 200 100 0 0 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 TARGETS, POLICIES AND MEASURES 3 7 4 Most immediate clean energy targets & NDCs year target unit Renewable energy: 2030 32 % Renewable electricity: 2030 32 % Renewable capacity: Renewable transport: Liquid Biofuel blending mandate: 2030 10 % blend Other transport targets: Renewable heating/cooling: Renewable Hydropower Off-grid renewable technologies: Energy efficiency (Energy): Energy efficiency (Electricity): Latest policies, programmes and legislation References to sustainable energy in Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Conditional Unconditional unit - Renewable energy 32 % - electricity 32 % - transport - heating/cooling - Energy efficiency 10 % blend ENERGY AND EMISSIONS Energy-related CO2 emissions by sector Elec. & heat generation CO2 emissions in 2018 Elec. & heat Other Industrial Transport Other Buildings +5% 2 0%0% Coal + others 1 0.6 Gas Emissions 2 Mt CO 0.5 2 Mt CO Mt Oil 0.0 100% 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Avoided emissions from renewable elec. & heat CO2 emission factor for elec. & heat generation Emitted CO2 RE Avoided CO2 SWZ Africa World 300 2 500 2 000 200 Emissions 1 500 2 1,378 1,407 /GWh 2 1 000 100 Mt CO Mt tCO 500 0.0 0.0 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Avoided emissions based on fossil fuel mix used for power Calculated by dividing power sector emissions by elec. + heat gen. RENEWABLE RESOURCE POTENTIAL Distribution of solar potential Distribution of wind potential World Eswatini World Eswatini 100% 100% 80% 80% 60% 60% 40% 40% Proportion of land area land of Proportion 20% Proportion of land area land of Proportion 20% 0% 0% <1200 1200-1400 1400-1600 1600-1800 1800-1900 1900-2000 >2000 <260 260-420 420-560 560-670 670-820 820-1060 >1060 Annual generation per unit of installed PV capacity (kWh/kWp/yr) Wind power density at 100m height (W/m2) Biomass potential: net primary production Indicators of renewable resource potential 5 6 Solar PV: Solar resource potential has been divided into seven 4 7 classes, each representing a range of annual PV output per unit of capacity (kWh/kWp/yr). The bar chart shows the proportion of a country's land area in each of these classes and the global 3 8 distribution of land area across the classes (for comparison). Onshore wind: Potential wind power density (W/m2) is shown in the seven classes used by NREL, measured at a height of 100m. The bar chart shows the distribution of the country's land 2 9 area in each of these classes compared to the global distribution of wind resources. Areas in the third class or above are considered to be a good wind resource. 1 10 Biomass: Net primary production (NPP) is the amount of 5.5 carbon fixed by plants and accumulated as biomass each year. 0 11 It is a basic measure of biomass productivity. The chart shows tC/ha/yr the average NPP in the country (tC/ha/yr), compared to the global average NPP of 3-4 tonnes of carbon per year. = Global average of 3-4 tC/ha/yr Sources: IRENA statistics, plus data from the following sources: UN SDG Database (original sources: WHO; World Bank; IEA; IRENA; and UNSD); UN World Population Prospects; UNSD Energy Balances; UN COMTRADE; World Bank World Development Indicators; EDGAR; REN21 Global Status Report; IEA- IRENA Joint Policies and Measures Database; IRENA Global Atlas; and World Bank Global Solar Atlas and Global Wind Atlas. Additional notes: Capacity per capita and public investments SDGs only apply to developing areas. Energy self-sufficiency has been defined as total primary energy production divided by total primary energy supply. Energy trade includes all commodities in Chapter 27 of the Harmonised System (HS). Capacity utilisation is calculated as annual generation divided by year-end capacity x 8,760h/year. Avoided emissions from renewable power is calculated as renewable generation divided by fossil fuel generation multiplied by reported emissions from the power sector. This assumes that, if renewable power did not exist, fossil fuels would be used in its place to generate the same amount of power and using the same mix of fossil fuels. In countries and years where no fossil fuel generation occurs, an average fossil fuel emission factor has been used IRENA Headquarters to calculate the avoided emissions. Masdar City These profiles have been produced to provide an overview of developments in P.O. Box 236, Abu Dhabi renewable energy in different countries and areas. The IRENA statistics team United Arab Emirates would welcome comments and feedback on its structure and content, which can be sent to [email protected]. www.irena.org .