Context of the study Global warming and its consequences The Beaune vineyards : a septentrional set, on the Beaune vineyards Malika Madelin, Jean-Pierre Chabin, Cyril Bonnefoy Centre de Recherches de Climatologie 0 200 km UMR 5210 CNRS, University of Burgundy Source: Corine Land Cover, 2000 Enometrics XV – VDQS – Collioure - 30/05/2008 Enometrics XV – VDQS – Collioure - 30/05/2008 Context of the study Context of the study The Beaune vineyards : a septentrional set, south of Côte- The Beaune vineyards : a septentrional set, south of Côte- d’Or, d’Or, 0 200 km 0 200 km Source: Corine Land Cover, 2000 Source: Corine Land Cover, 2000 Enometrics XV – VDQS – Collioure - 30/05/2008 Enometrics XV – VDQS – Collioure - 30/05/2008 Context of the study Objectives of the study ThThee Beaune vineyarvineyardsds : a septentrionalseptentrional set, south of Côte- d’Or, composed of Côte and Hautes-Côtes vineyards What are the characteristics of global warming? What consequences on the Beaune vineyards? And especially on the phenological dates, on the timing of the growing season, on accumulation of temperatures (GDD)? Differences between two sites Côte / 0 5 km Hautes-Côtes ? Enometrics XV – VDQS – Collioure - 30/05/2008 Enometrics XV – VDQS – Collioure - 30/05/2008 Climate Data Climate Data • Two wheater stations in the vineyards : • A reference synoptic wheater station : Dijon Beaune (230 m) and La Rochepot (410 m) Parameters: Temperature (TN, TX, TM) Parameters : Temperature (TN, TX, TM) Time step: monthly averages Time step : daily data Period: 1883-2006 Period : 1973-2006 Source: Météo France Sources : - Beaune => Météo-France Data homogenized by Météo France (observer then automatic station) - La Rochepot => volunteer observer (wine grower) Enometrics XV – VDQS – Collioure - 30/05/2008 Enometrics XV – VDQS – Collioure - 30/05/2008 Phenological data Phenological data •For the two stations located in the vineyards •For the two stations located in the vineyards Parameters: phenological dates of Pinot Noir Parameters: phenological dates of Pinot Noir (budburst, flowering, veraison, technological (budburst, flowering, veraison, technological maturity) maturity) Period: 1945-2006 ; 1973-2006 Period: 1945-2006 ; 1973-2006 Source: SRPV Source: SRPV and volunteer observer – wine grower and volunteer observer – wine grower => A rich dataset recorded by the volunteer observer => A rich dataset recorded by the volunteer observer But no systematic agreement between the 2 sources (particularly for the restart of the buds) Enometrics XV – VDQS – Collioure - 30/05/2008 Enometrics XV – VDQS – Collioure - 30/05/2008 Phenological data In the long run, global warming? Heterogeneous sites for La Rochepot for the climate and phenology measurements Climate data Phenological data Enometrics XV – VDQS – Collioure - 30/05/2008 Enometrics XV – VDQS – Collioure - 30/05/2008 In the long run, global warming? In the long run, global warming? Time evolution of the yearly mean Time evolution of the yearly mean temperatures (04-09) at Dijon, since 1883 temperatures (04-09) at Dijon, since 1883 Enometrics XV – VDQS – Collioure - 30/05/2008 Enometrics XV – VDQS – Collioure - 30/05/2008 In the long run, global warming? Comparison temperatures / phenological dates Time evolution of the yearly mean March-October averages Phenological dates temperatures (04-09) at Dijon, since 1883 of min and max temperatures at Beaune and La Rochepot Enometrics XV – VDQS – Collioure - 30/05/2008 Enometrics XV – VDQS – Collioure - 30/05/2008 Comparison temperatures / phenological dates Change in the phenological period? March-October averages Phenological dates Evolution of the time lag of min and max temperatures at Beaune and La Rochepot between the dates of budburst and harvest, ~ +0.06-0.07 per year 1988 with respect to the average 1945-2006 (158 days) 1988 1987 (Beaune) 1950 1988 1987 (Beaune) Enometrics XV – VDQS – Collioure - 30/05/2008 Enometrics XV – VDQS – Collioure - 30/05/2008 Comparison Côte / Hautes Côtes Comparison Côte / Hautes Côtes Inter-period comparisons of the relationship Inter-period comparisons of the relationship between the average temperatures (april-sept) between the average temperatures (april-sept) and the dates of maturity/harvest and the dates of maturity/harvest Enometrics XV – VDQS – Collioure - 30/05/2008 Enometrics XV – VDQS – Collioure - 30/05/2008 Comparison Côte / Hautes Côtes Comparison Côte / Hautes Côtes Inter-period comparisons of the relationship Inter-period comparisons of the relationship between the average temperatures (april-sept) between the average temperatures (april-sept) and the dates of maturity/harvest and the dates of maturity/harvest => altitudinal shift and latitudinal shift Enometrics XV – VDQS – Collioure - 30/05/2008 Enometrics XV – VDQS – Collioure - 30/05/2008 Comparison Côte / Hautes Côtes Comparison Côte / Hautes Côtes Evolution of the daily sums of Growing Degree Days, Evolution of the daily sums of Growing Degree Days, from 01/04 to 30/09 from 01/04 to 30/09 (and GDD yearly evolution) (and GDD yearly evolution) 1988 Enometrics XV – VDQS – Collioure - 30/05/2008 Enometrics XV – VDQS – Collioure - 30/05/2008 Comparison Côte / Hautes Côtes Conclusion Evolution of the daily sums of Growing Degree Days, • Several results from 01/04 to 30/09 - Important thermal and phenological evolutions (and GDD yearly evolution) - Beaune 7387 = La Rochepot 8806 => call into question the hierarchy of the Beaune vineyards - The Hautes Côtes vineyards with more 1988 beneficial in the future than the Côte vineyards ? • Perspectives - increase the resolution of the time scale - increase the network density - precise the altitudinal logics and simulate the future climate with a regional model Enometrics XV – VDQS – Collioure - 30/05/2008 Enometrics XV – VDQS – Collioure - 30/05/2008 Conclusion • Several results - Important thermal and phenological evolutions - Beaune 7387 = La Rochepot 8806 => call into question the hierarchy of the Beaune vineyards - The Hautes Côtes vineyards with more beneficial in the future than the Côte vineyards ? • Perspectives - increase the resolution of the time scale - increase the network density - precise the altitudinal logics and simulate the future climate with a regional model Enometrics XV – VDQS – Collioure - 30/05/2008.