JANUARY 27 - APRIL 5, 2016 Social Cohesion Analysis: Cameroon OCTOBER 2016 COVER Mbororo refugees at a health center in Eastern Cameroon. CRS has projects in health, emergency response and recovery, and partnership and capacity strengthening, as well as a project supporting orphans and vulnerable children. At the time of this analysis, CRS was in the process of starting a project to work in the East of the country, focusing on education, community social services, and social cohesion. Photo courtesy of Joel Teguia Report prepared by Laura McGrew ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This report was written by Laura McGrew in consultation with Herman Poukham (CRS/Cameroon ISAP Program Manager for Social Cohesion and Community Mobilization), based on information collected by CRS staff and key partners CDJP and CODASC. Ian Proctor (CRS/CAR Program Manager for Peacebuilding, Governance, and Gender (PBGG)) contributed one section, and the report was edited by Ian Proctor, John Katunga (CRS Peacebuilding and Justice Africa Advisor), Aurelie Nyapeye Yatchou (CRS/Cameroon Capacity Strengthening Advisor), and Laura Groggel (CRS/CARO Regional Technical Advisor for PBGG). Technical editing: Solveig Bang Catholic Relief Services is the official international humanitarian agency of the United States Catholic community. CRS’ relief and development work is accomplished through programs of emergency response, HIV, health, agriculture, education, microfinance and peacebuilding. CRS eases suffering and provides assistance to people in need in more than 100 countries, without regard to race, religion or nationality. Copyright © 2016 Catholic Relief Services. Any reproduction, translation, derivation, distribution or other use of this work is prohibited without the express permission of Catholic Relief Services (“CRS”). Please obtain permission from [email protected] or write to: Catholic Relief Services 228 West Lexington Street Baltimore, MD 21201‑3443 USA 1.888.277.7575 www.crs.org Acronyms ACADIR Association Camerounaise pour le Dialogue Interreligieux AU African Union BIR Brigade Intervention Rapide CA Conflict Analysis CAF Conflict Assessment Framework CAR Central African Republic CEMAC Central African Economic and Monetary Community CDJP Commission Diocésaine Justice et Paix CEDAW Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women CEPCA Conseil des Eglises Protestantes du Cameroun CIDIMUC Conseil des Imams et Dignitaires Musulmans CIPP Central African Republic Interfaith Peacebuilding Partnership CODASC Comité Diocésain d’Activités Socio-Caritatives (CODASCaritas) CPDM Cameroon People’s Democratic Movement CRS Catholic Relief Services DGRE Direction Générale de la Recherche Extérieure DPT diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (vaccination) DRC Democratic Republic of Congo EC European Commission ECCAS Economic Community of Central African States ECOWAS Economic Community Of West African States EU European Union FGM/C female genital mutilation/cutting GBV gender-based violence GDP Gross domestic product GIZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit GNI Gross national income HIV/AIDS human immunodeficiency virus infection / acquired immune deficiency syndrome HR human rights ICG International Crisis Group IDP internally displaced person IRP (CAR) Inter-religious Platform for Peace KIDSS Key Interventions to Develop Systems and Services for Orphans and Vulnerable Children KII key informant interview NGO nongovernmental organization OHCHR Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights PBGG peacebuilding, governance, and gender PM Prime minister RDPC Rassemblement Démocratique du Peuple Camerounais SCA Social Cohesion Analysis SECC Secure, Empowered, Connected Communities SGBV sexual and gender-based violence SNJP Service National Justice et Paix UNHCR UN High Commissioner for Refugees UNOCHA UN Office for Coordination of Humanitarian Assistance UN United Nations UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNSG United Nations Secretary General US United States USAID US Agency for International Development WHO World Health Organization Contents INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................... 1 Methodology .................................................................................................................................................................................. 3 CONTEXT ..............................................................................................................................................................6 1. History and background ......................................................................................................................................................... 6 2. Political/security ....................................................................................................................................................................... 6 3. Refugees and internally displaced persons ................................................................................................................... 9 4. Economic .................................................................................................................................................................................... 1 2 5. Socio-cultural ............................................................................................................................................................................. 1 4 a. Ethnic/language groups ............................................................................................................................................................ 1 4 b. Religion .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 1 5 c. Gender ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 1 6 d. Youth ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1 9 e. Mental health ................................................................................................................................................................................... 1 9 6. External influences .................................................................................................................................................................. 2 0 CONFLICT DYNAMICS ........................................................................................................................................ 2 1 1. Key issues in the East .............................................................................................................................................................. 2 1 a. Introduction to the East Region ............................................................................................................................................. 2 1 b. Community‑level conflicts over resources ........................................................................................................................ 2 2 c. Agro‑pastoral conflicts .............................................................................................................................................................. 2 2 d. Insecurity and crime .................................................................................................................................................................... 2 3 e. Ethnic/religious conflict and refugees/host conflict .................................................................................................... 2 4 f. Location‑specific Issues .............................................................................................................................................................. 2 5 2. Key issues at the national level ........................................................................................................................................... 2 6 a. Uncertainty over national level leadership ........................................................................................................................ 2 6 b. Terrorism (Boko Haram) ............................................................................................................................................................ 2 6 c. Youth disenfranchisement ........................................................................................................................................................ 2 7 d. General and cross‑cutting issues .......................................................................................................................................... 2 7 3. Key actors ................................................................................................................................................................................... 2 7 a. Politico‑military groups and leaders: Key actors for conflict ................................................................................... 2 7 b. Moto‑taxi drivers: Recruitment community ....................................................................................................................