ADAM II 2010 AN N U A L REPORT ARRESTEE DRUG ABUSE MONITORING PROGRAM II OFFICE OF NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL POLICY EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT WASHINGTON, DC May 2011 Acknowledgments This report was prepared for the Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP), Executive Office of the President, by Abt Associates Inc. Work by Abt Associates was performed under Contract No. GS-10F-0086K. Contributors and reviewers at Abt Associates include Dana Hunt, Ryan Kling, Sarah Kuck Jalbert, Meg Chapman, Chris Flygare, Caroline Nobo, William Rhodes, and Richard Kulka. Contributors at ONDCP include Maria Fe Caces, Robert Cohen, Robert Denniston, and Terry Zobeck. Table of Contents Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................... vii ADAM II Methodology ............................................................................................................ ix ADAM II Sample Demographics .............................................................................................. x Drug Use and Drug Market Participation ................................................................................ xii Report Format......................................................................................................................... xvi 1. Overview of ADAM II ............................................................................................................. 1 Why ADAM II Data Are Important .......................................................................................... 2 The ADAM II Methodology ..................................................................................................... 4 Continuing the Methods of the Original ADAM Program .............................................. 5 Sampling Facilities and Arrestees ................................................................................... 6 Weighting Cases Using Propensity Scores ...................................................................... 9 Accounting for Critical Data on Arrestees Who Do Not Provide a Test Sample .......... 10 Estimating Trends over Time ........................................................................................ 10 2. The ADAM II Sample ........................................................................................................... 13 Demographic Characteristics of ADAM II Arrestees ............................................................. 13 Arrestees’ Histories of Involvement with the Criminal Justice System .................................. 14 Arrestees Who Test Positive for Drugs are Different from Those Testing Negative .............. 15 Substance Abuse and Mental Health Treatment Experiences among ADAM II Arrestees .................................................................................................................................. 15 3. Drug Use and Drug Market Activity Among Arrestees ..................................................... 17 Congruence between the Self-report and Test Results ............................................................ 17 Test Results for the Presence of Illicit Drugs .......................................................................... 18 Marijuana ....................................................................................................................... 20 Prevalence of Use: Marijuana ....................................................................................... 20 Buying and Selling: Marijuana Markets ........................................................................ 23 Cocaine: Crack and Powder .......................................................................................... 24 Prevalence of Use: Self-Reported Crack Use ................................................................ 26 Buying and Selling: Crack Markets .............................................................................. 27 Prevalence of Use: Self-reported Cocaine Powder Use ................................................ 28 Buy and Selling: Cocaine Markets ................................................................................ 29 Heroin and Other Opiates: Prevalence of Use ............................................................... 29 Buying and Selling: Heroin Markets ............................................................................. 32 Methamphetamine ......................................................................................................... 33 Prevalence of Use: Methamphetamine .......................................................................... 33 Buying and Selling: Methamphetamine Markets .......................................................... 35 Use of Other Drugs ........................................................................................................ 36 4. Summary and Conclusions ................................................................................................... 37 ADAM II 2010 Annual Report Table of Contents i Appendix A: Data Tables ................................................................................................................... 39 Table 1.1: ADAM Completed Interviews, Urine Specimens, and Weighted Case Numbers (2000–2003) ....................................................................................... 39 Table 1.2: ADAM II Completed Interviews, Urine Specimens, and Weighted Case Numbers (2007–2010 ........................................................................................ 40 Table 2.1: Characteristics of Adult Male Arrestees, 2007–2010: Age, Marital Status, Citizenship, Employment ....................................................................... 41 Table 2.2: Characteristics of Adult Male Arrestees, 2007–2010: Education, Health Insurance, Housing ............................................................................................. 42 Table 2.3: Race and Ethnicity of Adult Male Arrestees, 2007–2010 .................................. 43 Table 2.4: Self-reported Arrest History, 2000–2003 and 2007–2010, Any Prior Arrest .................................................................................................................. 44 Table 2.5: Self-reported Arrest History: Adult Male Arrestees Who Reported Drug Use in Prior Year, 2000–2003 and 2007–2010 .................................................. 44 Table 2.6: Arrest Charge, 2007–2010: Violent, Drug, Property and Other Crimes ............ 45 Table 2.7: Adult Male Arrestees Testing Positive for Any Illicit Substance and Arrestees Testing Negative, 2010: Age, Citizenship, Employment, Education, Health Insurance, Housing ............................................................... 46 Table 2.8: Housing Detail and Prior Arrests for Adult Male Arrestees Testing Positive for Any Illicit Substance and Arrestees Testing Negative, 2010 ......... 48 Table 2.9: Lifetime Drug, Alcohol, and Mental Health Treatment Experiences Among All Adult Male Arrestees, 2007–2010 .................................................. 50 Table 2.10: Drug, Alcohol, and Mental Health Treatment Received in the Past 12 Months Among Adult Male Arrestees Reporting Prior 12 Month Drug Use, 2007–2010 .................................................................................................. 51 Table 2.11: Past 12 Month Drug and Alcohol Treatment Admissions Among Adult Male Arrestees Reporting Prior 12 Month Drug Use, 2000–2003 and 2007–2010 .......................................................................................................... 52 Table 2.12: Past 12 Month Drug, Alcohol, and Mental Health Inpatient Treatment Nights Among Adult Male Arrestees Reporting Prior 12 Month Drug Use, 2000–2003 and 2007–2010 ........................................................................ 52 Table 2.13: Past 12 Month Mental Health Inpatient Treatment Nights Among Adult Male Arrestees Reporting Prior 12 Month Drug Use, 2000–2003 and 2007–2010 .......................................................................................................... 53 Table 3.1: Proportion of Adult Male Arrestees with Agreement in Self-report and Urine Test by Site, 2010 ..................................................................................... 54 Table 3.2: Proportion of Adult Male Arrestees Testing Positive and Self-reporting Use by Site, 2010 ............................................................................................... 54 Table 3.3: Urine Test Results on Any Drug Test Among Adult Male Arrestees 2000–2003 and 2007–2010 ................................................................................ 55 Table 3.4: Urine Test Results of Multiple Drug Use Among Adult Male Arrestees 2000–2003 and 2007–2010 ................................................................................ 55 ADAM II 2010 Annual Report Table of Contents ii Table 3.5: Urine Test Results for Marijuana Among Adult Male Arrestees 2000– 2003 and 2007–2010 .......................................................................................... 56 Table 3.6: Urine Test Results for Cocaine Among Adult Male Arrestees 2000– 2003 and 2007–2010 .......................................................................................... 56 Table 3.7: Urine Test Results for Opiates Among Adult Male Arrestees 2000–2003 and 2007–2010 ................................................................................................... 57 Table 3.8: Urine Test Results for