IJBPAS, December, 2015, 4(12), Special Issue: 1563-1573 ISSN: 2277–4998 RECOVERY OF MODERATION BASED GEOMETRY BASED ON THE CONCEPT OF PEACE AND JUSTICE IN ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE *SATAR CHAHARMAHALI 1- Master of Architecture, International University of Payam Noor, Kish, Iran. [email protected] ABSTRACT Principles and standards of Iranian architecture is based on moderation and anti-violent geometry lean religious concepts of Islamic Iran have major role in architectural design and the fundamentals of the moderation forms, rational forms especially cubic rooted in the sacred temples of different religions, especially Muslim’s, Kaaba (Ka’ba) by relying on direction moderation and equality has lean concepts of moderation forms to create geometric structure to complete role of justice and rationality in moral and religious relations. Undoubtedly, the use of moderation based forms in structure of square that is the symbol of wisdom and purity and refers to the unity and justice and is the main principles for anti-violence and holy construction that was in former Iranian Islamic architecture. Qiblah or Kaaba, by referring to cubic form or square form that has been Sacred in former architecture, refer to nature of rationality and avoid frivolity in patterns of Islamic architecture. Keywords: Moderation, moderate architecture, cube symbol of rationality, moderate geometric cube, moderation based geometry. INTRODUCTION Certainly, concepts and principles of Islam review of proving the legitimacy of Islamic are based on moderation in the affairs, Iran's government based on justice and religious religious and moral teachings of Islamic brotherhood are possible in different aspects. civilization rely on prevention of extremes This paper examines the concept and scope and wastage in life and interactions. Also, of moderation and justice in architecture. 1563 IJBPAS, December, 2015, 4(12), Special Issue Satar Chaharmahali Research Article Moderation serves as an index for organizing and the mean between drought and humidity. human affairs and acts like alignment to But the most important aspect in moderation measure Islamic rationality and moral. If is its opposition to extremism and radicalism. human life is based on justice and rationality Dictionary definition for moderation undoubtedly provides platform for peace, Moderation has two roots, one root from stability and security. This is the aim to justice and one from sense of balance. If we establish international headquarters of see moderation from justice root with eyne moderation and reconciliation that comes fathe we mean putting an object in his from the pure Islamic definitions that covers position but, we have justice with eyne kasre foundation of interactions and between that with it means moderation. So we have human’s inner and outer relations. Also two meanings for Moderation: explanation and interpretation of Islamic 1. It means justice doctrine of moderation will be the most 2. It means Balance, similarity and equality important and most basic form to promote The median nation, the nation that is not geometric and moderation based architecture. extremes in any matter and all things are in The concept of moderation moderation. Islamic nation is a moderate Moderation comes from justice it means nation and god refers to Muslims as moving between two things in terms of moderation nation: وَ ﮐَﺪﻟﮑَﺠَﻌ َﻠﻨﺎﮐُﻤْﺎ ُﻣَﺔ ًوَ ﺳﻄﺎ ًﻟِﺘَﮑُﻮﻧُﻮاﺷُﮭَﺪاءﻋَﻠَﯿﺎﻟﻨّﺎﺳِﻮَ ﯾَﮑُﻮﻧَﺎﻟﺮﱠ ﺳُﻮﻟَﻌ َﻠَ quality and quantity and establishes ﯾﮑُﻤْﺎﻟﺸَﮭﯿﺪا ً؛ proportionality between them. As the days and nights are same size in fall and spring As already put you in the middle of your and we call them spring and fall moderation. nation and the people bear witness The Persian translation of moderation is moderation between extremes (Surat al- moving in between things which refer to Baqara, verse 143) avoiding extremes in everything. Moderation These nations, a nation that the basic literally means respecting mediocrity principle of moderation in all things and all between two things. From the quantity and works and hence people are examples: of the quality of the balance means the You were the best nation that has been quantity, weight, quality and quantity is created for the benefit of human beings. equal and equity for reasons. The moderation Justice and equality in the Quran is is called moderation between heat and cold interpreted in installments and are among 1564 IJBPAS, December, 2015, 4(12), Special Issue Satar Chaharmahali Research Article ﺧَﯿﺮُ اﻻَﻋﻤﺎﻻِ ِ ﻋﺘﺪاﻻِ ﻟﺮﱠ ﺟﺎءِوَ اﻟﺨَﻮفِ؛ teaching objective of Quran. Qur'an to the Prophet (PBUH): The best things are Moderation between hope (and fear (Ghrralhkm, vol. 1, p. 355 ﻗ ُﻼْ َﻣَﺮَرَ ﺑّﯿﺒ ِﺎﻟﻘِﺴﻂ؛ Say: My Lord has commanded justice (Al- Factors of exiting from moderation policy Araf, verse 29) In general moderation is known as moral and It also ordered the believers: logical action and even new ethics considers moderation reasonable, however, two factors ﯾﺎاَﯾﱡﮭَﺎاﻟﺬ ﱠﯾﻨَﺂﻣﻨَﻮُ اﮐُﻮﻧُﻮاﻗَﻮاﻣﯿﻨَﺒ ِﺎﻟﻘﺴﻄِﺸُﮭﺪاءَ؛ that can serve as the reason for the O you who believe try to set up justice and withdrawal from moderation include: equality and be witness and testimony to A. Ignorance: A man who is ignorant dose Allah (Surah Nisa, Verse 135) extremes things. As God is righteous be his witness by B. Sensualize: someone who follows his administration of justice, in Islam, justice is sensual desires is experiencing extremes. associated with filing in installments and Quran says: (Surat al-Kahf, verse 28) وَﻻَ ﺗُﻄِﻌْﻤَﻨْﺄ َﻏْﻔَﻠْﻨَﺎﻗَﻠْﺒَﮭُﻌ َﻨﺬِﮐْﺮِ ﻧَﺎوَ اﺗﱠﺒَﻌ َﮭَﻮَ اھُﻮَ ﮐَﺎﻧَﺄ َﻣْﺮُ ھُﻔُﺮُطًﺎ .goodness Iran’s supreme leader comments on Imam’s اﻧﱠﺎﻟﻠﮭﯿﺎﻣﺮُ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺪﻟﻮاﻻﺣﺴﺎﻧﻮاﯾﺘﺎءذِﯾﺎﻟﻘُﺮﺑﯽ؛ God orders justice and goodness and thoughts on moderation: forgiveness and relatives (Surah Nahl, verse His school is a complete package. A set of 90). dimensions, we should see these dimensions Imam Ali (pbuh) also said: We have middle together. The two main aspects in the school position, backwards should join us and of our great Imam are spirituality and militant extremism should come back to us rationality dimension and there is third as (Nahjolbalaghe; the wisdom 70). justice. Indigenous training is temperate education, Concept of rationality and moderation in wise education is based on moderation in all Islamic thought things and avoids the excessive demands of Recognition of the concept of reason in reason and moderation in all aspects of Islamplays the most important role in the extremes is due to ignorance, the best definition of rational education based on educational system is a system in which Islamic pattern; the concept of reason in neither hopes nor fear rule in them. As Imam rational aspect divides into three categories: Ali says: 1565 IJBPAS, December, 2015, 4(12), Special Issue Satar Chaharmahali Research Article A. fundamental reason: An understanding of Truth of rational geometry in architecture the philosophy of life and human relations Geometry in three levels if world is absolute with the world and God the world of intellect, imagination and the B. Rationality of values: responsible for material world. He imagined the geometry of architecture of value system and setting of in universe intellect about intellectual appropriate human morals. essences absolute worst times is the C. Instrumental rationality: Engineering, emergence of forms in the material world. In measure, predict and regulate human the Matter of quantifiable objective will be to livelihood calculations to achieve material prepare the soul of man is Ikhwan al-Safa well-being, economic prosperity and the end geometry for thought in truths and to join prosperity of the world. The first and last in ascension to heaven heavenly intellect and common term of the Islamic philosophy is eternal life. In the Islamic cosmology, called theoretical reason and middle part of triangle, square and circle are not mere practical reason. shapes but essentially contain the truth of the Theoretical intellect has another person's understanding of the universe and philosophical term. Theoretical intellect of eventually lead to Truth. in view of understanding all the concepts and mental cosmology, spot is secret of a creator and a qualification and practical intellect will secret two divine intellect triangle, square source and perceptions heart that the breath Password Tuesday, password natures existence of two terms for the theoretical and four and four and the four directions, the four practical intellect in of the Islamic quadrants of the universe, the four seasons, philosophy in the definition of their two the four gates of the cube, object code, sentence. This division relates to the degree directions Six children and six branch move some intellect, some observers’ intellect to up, down, back, forward, right, left. (Rene believe the first division is reasonable terms, Genon, 2003, page 165) in terms of absolute philosophers Avicenna Forms and geometric shapes in art and and his followers both the first group traditional architecture, though always mentioned in the definition of theoretical functional and practical architectural and reason or faculties have been called, practical material to the object, and thus give order, intellect means are used as rational faculty But something more than mere industrial and infinitive verbs. arrangements and meet other performance 1566 IJBPAS, December, 2015, 4(12), Special Issue Satar Chaharmahali Research Article and are even more important that Indeed