A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Scharpf, Fritz W. Book Community and autonomy: Institutions, policies and legitimacy in multilevel Europe Schriften aus dem Max-Planck-Institut für Gesellschaftsforschung Köln, No. 68 Provided in Cooperation with: Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies (MPIfG), Cologne Suggested Citation: Scharpf, Fritz W. (2010) : Community and autonomy: Institutions, policies and legitimacy in multilevel Europe, Schriften aus dem Max-Planck-Institut für Gesellschaftsforschung Köln, No. 68, ISBN 978-3-593-39188-5, Campus Verlag, Frankfurt a. M. 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The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutschen Nationalbibliografie. Detailed bibliografic data are available in the Internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de, ISBN 978-3-593-39188-5 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Copyright © 2010 Campus Verlag GmbH, Frankfurt am Main Cover illustration: Building of the Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies Printed on acid free paper. Printed in Germany For further information: www.campus.de www.press.uchicago.edu Contents Acknowledgments ............................................................................................... 7 Copyright Acknowledgments ............................................................................. 8 Introduction Community and Autonomy in the European Union (2010) ....................... 11 1 The Joint-decision Trap: Lessons from German Federalism and European Integration (1988) ............................................................... 21 2 Community and Autonomy: Multilevel Policy-making in the European Union (1994) ............................................................................... 67 3 Negative and Positive Integration in the Political Economy of European Welfare States (1996) ............................................................ 91 4 The Problem-solving Capacity of Multilevel Governance (1997) .............................................................................................................. 127 5 Interdependence and Democratic Legitimation (2000) .......................... 149 6 Democratic Legitimacy under Conditions of Regulatory Competition: Why Europe Differs from the United States (2001) .............................................................................................................. 173 7 Notes Toward a Theory of Multilevel Governing in Europe (2001) ........................................................................................... 193 6 C ONTENTS 8 The European Social Model: Coping with the Challenges of Diversity (2002) ....................................................................................... 221 9 Legitimate Diversity: The New Challenge of European Integration (2003) ......................................................................................... 247 10 The Joint-decision Trap Revisited (2006) ................................................. 277 11 Refl ections on Multilevel European Legitimacy (2007) .......................... 299 12 Legitimacy in the Multilevel European Polity (2009) .............................. 317 13 The Double Asymmetry of European Integration— Or: Why the EU Cannot Be a Social Market Economy (2009) .............................................................................................................. 353 Acknowledgments This book owes its existence to Jens Beckert and Wolfgang Streeck, directors of the institute where I enjoy the luxuries of an emeritus offi ce, who suggested that this might be a good time to publish a collection of my articles on Europe. Responding to this “nudge,” I did agree to examine my recent contributions. But I also rediscovered much older pieces which, though obviously dated in their empirical references, seemed to deal with issues that are still unresolved on the political or scholarly European agenda. So I decided to include them even though the collection became more voluminous than I had expected. I can only hope that the reader will tolerate the inevitable redundancies as evidence of the author’s muddling through toward greater clarity. But if the book project was initiated by Jens and Wolfgang, it could not have been completed without the extraordinary efforts of the institute’s staff – Astrid Dünkelmann, Jürgen Feick, Cynthia Lehmann, Thomas Pott, Christel Schommertz and Jeanette Störtte. They tracked down the original fi les or re- created text fi les and graphs from scanned copies, negotiated copyrights with the publishers of journals, and produced uniform, camera-ready versions of the text and graphics. I thank them all. Cologne, January 2010 Fritz W. Scharpf Copyright Acknowledgments The essays were originally published in works listed below. The author and the publisher gratefully acknowledge the journals and publishers who granted per- mission to reproduce copyright material. 1 The Joint-decision Trap: Lessons from German Federalism and European In- tegration (1988) In: Public Administration 66(3), 239–278. 2 Community and Autonomy: Multilevel Policy-making in the European Union (1994) In: Journal of European Public Policy 1(2) 219–242. 3 Negative and Positive Integration in the Political Economy of European Wel- fare States (1996) In: Gary Marks, Fritz W. Scharpf, Philippe C. Schmitter and Wolfgang Streeck (eds.), Governance in the European Union. London: Sage, 15–39. 4 The Problem-solving Capacity of Multilevel Governance (1997) In: Fritz W. Scharpf (ed.), Governance in the Internal Market. Journal of European Public Policy 4(4), 520–538. 5 Interdependence and Democratic Legitimation (2000) In: Susan J. Pharr and Robert D. Putnam (eds.), Disaffected Democracies: What’s Trou- bling the Trilateral Countries? Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 101–120. COPYRIGHT ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 9 6 Democratic Legitimacy under Conditions of Regulatory Competition: Why Eu- rope Differs from the United States (2001) In: Kalypso Nicolaïdis and Robert Howse (eds.), The Federal Vision. Legitimacy and Levels of Governance in the United States and the European Union. New York: Oxford University Press, 355–374. 7 Notes Toward a Theory of Multilevel Governing in Europe (2001) In: Scandinavian Political Studies 24(1), 1–26. 8 The European Social Model: Coping with the Challenges of Diversity (2002) In: Journal of Common Market Studies 40(4), 645–670. 9 Legitimate Diversity: The New Challenge of European Integration (2003) In: Zeitschrift für Staats- und Europawissenschaften 1(1) 32–60. 10 The Joint-decision Trap Revisited (2006) In: Journal of Common Market Studies 44 (4), 845-864. 11 Refl ections on Multilevel European Legitimacy (2007) MPIfG Working Paper 07/3. Cologne: Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies. 12 Legitimacy in the Multilevel European Polity (2009) In: European Political Science Review 1(2), 173–204. 13 The Double Asymmetry of European Integration—Or: Why the EU Cannot Be a Social Market Economy (2009) MPIfG Working Paper 09/12. Cologne: Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies. Slightly revised version also published in: Socio-Economic Review 8(2) (2010), doi:10.1093/ser/mwp031. Introduction Community and Autonomy in the European Union The essays in this volume record a quarter-century of refl ections on the multilevel European polity and its impact on the effectiveness and legitimacy of democratic government in Europe. Re-reading them in the order in which they were pub- lished, I fi nd it interesting to see how themes that were mentioned as an aside early on evolved over time, and how the overall view of the institutional