DTE Energy Advanced Implementation of Energy Storage Technologies Technology Performance Report Award Number: DE-OE0000229 Sponsoring Office: U.S. Department of Energy – National Energy Technology Laboratory Morgantown Campus 3610 Collins Ferry Road P.O. Box 880 Morgantown, WV 26507-0880 Participant: DTE Energy One Energy Plaza Detroit MI 48226 Haukur (Hawk) Asgeirsson – Principal Investigator 313-235-9371 [email protected] ©Copyright 2015, DTE Energy All rights Reserved Acknowledgement This material is based upon work supported by the Department of Energy (DOE) under Award Number DE-OE0000229. Disclaimers This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. This report was prepared by DTE Energy (DTE) as an account of work sponsored by the Department of Energy, an agency of the United States Government, under Award Number DE- OE0000229. DTE Energy, including any of their employees, affiliates and contractors, does not make any warranty, express or implied, or assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by DTE Energy. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of DTE Energy. Key words: CES, Community Energy Storage, Microgrid, Distributed Energy Storage, Reliability, DERMS, Distributed Energy Resource Management System, Page 2 of 302 ©Copyright 2015, DTE Energy All rights Reserved Table of Contents 1. Executive Summary ......................................................................................................................... 8 2. Overview/Background ................................................................................................................... 12 2.1. Advancing the Development of Storage Technologies ............................................................ 12 2.2. Project Goals and Objectives .................................................................................................. 13 2.3. Project Team .......................................................................................................................... 14 2.4. Project Milestones and Target Dates ...................................................................................... 15 2.5. CES Energy Storage Applications ............................................................................................ 18 3. Technologies Demonstrated .......................................................................................................... 19 3.1. Storage System Characteristics ............................................................................................... 19 3.2. Distributed Energy Resource Management System - DERMS .................................................. 22 3.3. Circuit Description .................................................................................................................. 24 3.4. CES location Selection and Circuit Model Dispatching ............................................................. 27 3.4.1. CES location Selection ........................................................................................................ 27 3.4.2. Circuit Model Dispatching................................................................................................... 32 3.5. Repurposed EV Batteries ........................................................................................................ 36 4. Technical Approach ....................................................................................................................... 38 4.1. Project Approach ................................................................................................................... 38 4.2. Baseline Data ......................................................................................................................... 39 4.3. Test Plan/Use Cases (Modes of Operations) ........................................................................... 41 4.4. Distributed Energy Management System Application ............................................................. 43 4.5. Performance Testing and Analysis .......................................................................................... 44 4.6. Cyber Security Approach ........................................................................................................ 44 5. Results ........................................................................................................................................... 46 5.1. Impact Metrics Data ............................................................................................................... 46 5.2. Use Cases (Modes of Operations) Results ............................................................................... 49 5.2.1. Data Usage Test: DRSOC-CES-001 ....................................................................................... 50 5.2.2. CES Maintains Minimum Reserve Margin: DRSOC-CES-002 ................................................. 51 5.2.3. CES Unit Will Operate Safely at 100% SOC and is Given a Charge Command: DRSOC-CES-003 . .......................................................................................................................................... 53 Page 3 of 302 ©Copyright 2015, DTE Energy All rights Reserved 5.2.4. CES Unit Will Operate Safely when kW & kVAR Setpoints Cause Unit to Exceed Discharge kVA Rating: DRSOC-CES-004 .............................................................................................................. 54 5.2.5. CES Unit Will Operate Safely When kW & KVAR Setpoints Cause Unit to Exceed Charge Kva Rating: DRSOC-CES-005 ..................................................................................................................... 56 5.2.6. DERMS Will Dispatch a Reasonable Set-Point when Algorithms Command a kW Set-Point that Exceeds Unit Charge Rating: DRSOC-CES-006 .............................................................................. 57 5.2.7. DERMS Will Dispatch a Reasonable Set-Point When Algorithms Command a kW Set-Point that Exceeds Unit Discharge Rating: DRSOC-CES-007 ......................................................................... 58 5.2.8. DERMS Will Distribute Requested kW Charge or Discharge Across All Units Based on SoC of Each Unit: DRSOC-CES-008 ................................................................................................................ 59 5.2.9. CES Efficiency: DRSOC-CES-009 ........................................................................................... 61 5.2.10. DERMS Will Issue Commands per a Set Schedule to Produce “Renewable Energy Time Shift”: DRSOC-CES-010 ................................................................................................................................. 62 5.2.11. DERMS Will Issue Commands per a Set Schedule to Produce “Electric Energy Time Shift”: DRSOC-CES-011 ................................................................................................................................. 65 5.2.12. DERMS Will Send Commands to CES Units Based on Simulated AGC Signal: DRSOC-CES-012 .. .......................................................................................................................................... 66 5.2.13. DERMS Will Discharge CES Fleet to Maintain a Maximum kW at the Circuit Feeder: DRSOC- CES-013 .......................................................................................................................................... 68 5.2.14. Charge When Needed for Reserve Capacity: DRSOC-CES-014 ............................................. 69 5.2.15. Discharge When LMP Price is High and Unit is not Needed: DRSOC-CES-015 ....................... 72 5.2.16. Do Not Charge When Doing so Would Cause Overload: DRSOC-CES-016 ............................ 74 5.2.17. Maintain Configured Reserve Capacity: DRSOC-CES-017 ..................................................... 76 5.2.18. Resolve Transformer Overload by Discharging CES: DRSOC-CES-018 ................................... 77 5.2.19. Resolve Low Voltage by Supplying KVAR: DRSOC-CES-019 .................................................. 78 5.2.20. Resolve High Voltage by Supplying KVAR: DRSOC-CES-020 .................................................. 80 5.2.21. Resolve Single-Phase Primary Overload by Discharging Only Batteries on