Unit 12 Respiratory: Glossary, Pronunciation, & Construction Word Pronunciation Definition and Construction Adenocarcinoma > ad-eh-no-kar-sin-oh-ma > cancer tends to begin on the periphery of the lungs. Aden/o/carcin/oma Alveolar macrophage > mak-row-fahge > protective foreign body (particulate) eater on the epithelial lining of the air sacs. Alveo/ar macro/phage Alveoli > al-vi-oh-lie > plural, functional unit of the lungs, gas exchange area. Anoxia > an-ock-see-ah > absence of oxygen. Synonym: anoxemia. Antihistamines > an-tea-his-tah-meanz > dry the secretions of the bronchial mucus which opens up the airway a bit. Antroscope > an-trow-skop > instrument to look at the maxillary sinuses. Antr/o/scope Antrostomy > an-tros-toe-me > to create a new opening in the maxillary sinus. This would be done to evacuate a closed, painful sinus. Antr/ostomy Apnea > ap-knee-ah > no breath, absence of breathing. A/pnea Atelectasis > at-eh-lek-tah-sis > literally, ‘incomplete extension’; it is essentially a complete or partial collapse of a lobe. Auscultation > aws-kul-tay-shun > methods utilize the stethoscope, chest scope to listen to the air flow or sounds Bradypnea > braid-ee-pee-knee-ah > slow breathing. Brady/pnea Bronchioles > brong-key-oh-les > six levels of progressively smaller and thinner air tubes ending at the alveolar sac which are the tissues of the lungs. Bronchiolitis > brong-key-oh-lie-tis > inflammation of the bronchioles associated with RSV and influenza viruses. Bronchitis > bronk-eye-tis > inflammation of the bronchial tubes is a general term which includes the segmental bronchi. Bronch/itis Bronchophony > brong-koff-oh-knee > increased clarity and intensity when the spoken word passes through an area of consolidation. Bronch/o/phony Byssinosis > bis-ee-no-sis > condition of inhaled cotton dust. Chorda vocalis > kor-da voh-ka-lis > vocal cords or folds > a pair of ligamentous, yellowish tissue pulled tautly over the thyroid cartilage. Crackles > krak-els > sound of rice crisp’s in milk, popping sounds that tends to be a deeper tone. Linked with pneumonia and TB. Croup > crewp > a childhood illness associated with a barking cough and stridor caused by the respiratory syncytial (sin-sish-al) virus (RSV). Diaphragm > die-ah-fram > large muscle providing the negative pressure motion to pull air into the tubes and alveoli Dyspnea > dis-knee-ah > difficult breathing, an example of the silent ‘p’ with a consonant in front or the beginning of a word. Dys/pnea Egophony > ee-gof-oh-knee > the patient says an ‘E’ but is heard as an ‘A’ with consolidation of fluid, pneumonia or mass. Eg/o/phony Epiglottitis > eh-pee-glot-tie-tis > glott/o Greek for opening; epi- > near, above > making this flap of flexible cartilage ‘above the opening’, acting as a door on a hinge. Epi/glott/itis Epistaxis > ep-ee-stay-xis > Greek for nose bleed, for ‘dropping’. Hyoid > high-oyd bone > the only bone in the body without a bone to bone interaction. Hypercapnia > hi-purr-kap-knee-ah > abnormal elevation of CO2 in the arterial blood. Hyper/capn/ia Hypocapnia > hi-poe-kap-knee-ah > abnormal decrease in arterial CO2 associated with hyperventilation. Hypo/capn/ia Hypopharynx > high-poe-fair-inks > below or under the throat is a very short link to the larynx (voice box). Hypo/pharynx Hypoxia > hi-pok-see-ah > abnormally low levels of oxygen in arterial blood. Synonym: hypoxemia. Immunomodulators > im-mew-no-mod-U-lay-tors > these target specific immunologic protective mechanisms. Laryngismus > lair-in-jiz-mus > spasm of the vocal cords. Laryng/ismus Laryngitis > lair-in-jie-tis > inflammation of the voice box. Laryng/itis Lobectomy > low-bek-toe-me > surgical removal of a lobe. Lob/ectomy Mesothelioma > mez-oh-thee-lee-oh-ma > lung cancer associated with exposure to asbestos (as-bes-toes). Meso/theli/oma Microvilli > my-crow-vil-lie (plural) > minute finger-like projections that line the mucosal lining of the nose and sinuses. Micro/villi Mucolytics > mew-ko-lit-iks > break up or help liquify the thick mucus making it easier to cough and move air. Muc/o/lytics Mucous > (mew-cus) > pertaining to sticky (the descriptive). Muc/ous Mucus > mew-kus > substance, the noun of sticky fluid. Muc/us Nasopharyngeal > nay-zo-fa-rin-jee-al > pertaining to the nose and throat. Nas/o/pharyng/eal Nasopharynx > nay-zo-fair-inks > nose and posterior throat area (Figure 12.6); this allows the flow of air into the pharynx. Nas/o/pharynx Orolingual > or-oh-ling-gwal > pertaining to the tongue and mouth. Or/o/lingu/al Oropharynx > or-oh-fair-inks > mouth and posterior throat area. Or/o/pharynx Orthopnea > or-thop-knee-ah > having to sit up to breathe is an example of a hard ‘p’ because of the vowel (e, i, o, y). Orth/o/pnea Pectoriloquy > pek-toe-real-oh-kwee > a whisper is generally not heard until it passes through a consolidation, a more solid area of the lung indicating pneumonia or mass-effect. Percussion > purr-kus-shun > methods utilize tapping on the chest wall (anterior and posteriorly) to discern hollow (air-filled) versus dull (solid consolidation). Pharyngitis > fair-in-jie-tis > inflammation of the pharynx can occur from shouting at the game too much but more often there is swelling due to infection. Pharyng/itis Pleurisy > plur-i-see or pleuritis (plur-eye-tis) > inflammation of the pleura, Pleurodesis > plur-ow-dee-sis > artificial production of scar tissue of the pleura to seal a reoccurring pneumothorax or hemothorax. Pleur/o/desis Pneumatocardia > new-mat-toe-kar-dee-a > presence of air or gas in the blood of the heart. Pneumat/o/cardi/a Pneumoconiosis > new-mow-ko-knee-oh-sis > Black Lung is from coal dust. Pneumonia > new-mow-knee-ah > inflammation of the lung tissues (alveoli) which tends to consolidate in a specific lobe. Pneumothorax > new-moe-thor-aks > when the potential space fills with air between the layers, it crushes the tissue as it enlarges. Pneum/o/thor/ax Rales > rahls > intermittent bubbling sounds or rattles with inspiration. Rhinitis > rye-nigh-tis > inflammation of the nose. Rhin/itis Rhinolith > rye-no-lith > a nose stone. Rhin/o/lith Rhinorrhea > rye-no-ree-ah > runny nose, discharge from the nose. Rhin/o/rrhea Rhonchi > rong-ki > similar to a wheeze but deeper tone and can be continuous or intermittent. It is heard with pneumonias. Sarcoidosis > sahr-koy-doe-sis > chronic inflammatory disease of unknown origin. Silicosis > seal-ee-ko-sis > inhalation of sand dust of any type. Sternocleidomastoid > ster-no-klie-doe-mas-toyd muscles > neck muscles. Stomatitis > stoy-mah-tie-tis > inflammation of the mouth. Stomat/itis Stomatodynia > stoy-mat-oh-die-knee-ah > pain of the mouth. Stomat/o/dynia Stridor > stri-dur > deep, discordant whistle because the air is struggling to squeak by. Surfactant > sir-fak-tant > a lipoprotein that acts as a wetting agent to the internal alveoli. Tachypnea > tac-key-pee-knee-ah > fast breathing. Tachy/pnea Tracheobronchitis > tray-key-oh-brong-ki-tis > inflammation of the trachea and bronchi is seen with the childhood disease. Trache/o/bronch/itis Pertussis > purr-tus-is > bacterial infection of the lungs, also called whooping cough. Tracheoscopy > tray-key-os-kop-ee > process of looking into the windpipe. Trache/o/scopy Tracheostomy > tray-key-os-toe-me > creation of a new opening of the windpipe. Trache/o/stomy Vibrissae > vie-bris-ay (plural) > nose hairs which are visible; these are designed to capture larger particles of dust, saw dust, and dirt. Vibrissa > singular. Wheezing > we-zing > musical and tends to be a higher pitch. Occurs with obstruction such as asthma. Occurs with both inspiration and expiration. .