Iced: The Story of Organized Crime in Canada By Stephen Schneider Published by John Wiley & Sons, 2009 ENDNOTES CHAPTER ONE Page 3 “with Drums beating, Trumpets sounding, and other instruments of Musick, English Colours flying.” Boston News-Letter, August 22, 1720, as cited in J. Franklin Jameson (ed.) 1970 [orig. 1923]. Privateering and Piracy in the Colonial Period: Illustrative Documents. New York: A. M. Kelley, p. 317. “Standing on the quarter deck of the marauding vessel… he carried two pistols.” Charles Ellms. 1996 [orig 1837]. The Pirates: Authentic Narratives of the Lives, Exploits, and Executions of the World’s Most Infamous Buccaneers. Avenel, NJ: Gramercy Books, p. 58. “A merry life and a short one, shall be my motto!” Charles Ellms. 1996 [orig 1837]. The Pirates: Authentic Narratives of the Lives, Exploits, and Executions of the World’s Most Infamous Buccaneers. Avenel, NJ: Gramercy Books, p. 58. Page 4 “On the cusp of his teenage years … carved out a vocation upon the sea.” Vlé Onica. 2005. The True & Complete Memoirs of The Pyrate Captain, Extraordinaire! The Illustrious Captain John ‘Bartholomew’ Roberts. The Most Successful Pyrate of ALL Time! London: cd-eBooks, pp. 17-18. “as he had none of the appearance of a man ... accustomed to be obeyed or to strike.” Robert Louis Stevenson. 1963 [orig. 1883]. Treasure Island. New York: Companion Library, p. 4. “since he had dipp’d his hand…than a common Man.” Daniel Defoe. 1999 [orig. 1724]. A General History of the Pyrates. Manuel Schonhorn (ed.). Mineola, NY: Dover Publications, p. 195. one “of the most wickedness men that God ever allowed on the sea.” Robert Louis Stevenson. 1963 [orig. 1883]. Treasure Island. New York: Companion Library, p. 7. Page 5 “in order to make them discover … resign every Thing up to them.” Daniel Defoe. 1999 [orig. 1724]. A General History of the Pyrates. Manuel Schonhorn (ed.). Mineola, NY: Dover Publications, p. 217. “the mildest manner’d man that ever scuttled ship or cut a throat” George Gordon Byron. 1949. Don Juan. Canto the Third, Stanza 41. London: John Lehmann, p. 141. “all quitted upon Sight of the Pyrate.” Daniel Defoe. 1999 [orig. 1724]. A General History of the Pyrates. Manuel Schonhorn (ed.). Mineola, NY: Dover Publications, p. 216. 1 “like madmen, who cast firebrands, arrows and death.” Charles Ellms. 1996 [orig 1837]. The Pirates: Authentic Narratives of the Lives, Exploits, and Executions of the World’s Most Infamous Buccaneers. Avenel, NJ: Gramercy Books, p. 54. Pages 5-6 “burning and sinking all the Shipping …that bring themselves no Advantage.” Daniel Defoe. 1999 [orig. 1724]. A General History of the Pyrates. Manuel Schonhorn (ed.). Mineola, NY: Dover Publications, p. 216. Page 6 After making himself master … at Trepassy and St. Mary’s. Public Records Office [Great Britain] Colonial Office Papers, Letter from a colonial secretary at Placentia, Newfoundland, dated July 3 1720, File No. 194/6/83, p. 367. … he was already renowned as le jolie rouge (the “pretty man in red”). Terry Breverton. 2004. The Pirate Dictionary. Gretna: Pelican Publishing, p. 87; Piet Brinton and Roger Worsley. 1987. Open Secrets: Explorations in South Wales. London: Gomer, p. 168. “bewildering variety of flags” ... “to confuse our adversary as to our intent.” Piet Brinton and Roger Worsley. 1987. Open Secrets: Explorations in South Wales. London: Gomer, p. 169. ...one being even more spectacular … the Great Ranger and the Little Ranger. Harold Harwood and Ed Butts. 1984. Pirates and Outlaws of Canada, 1610-1932. Toronto: Doubleday, pp. 86-87; William S. Crooker. 2004. Pirates of the North Atlantic. Halifax, NS: Nimbus Pub, pp. 53-54. Pages 6-7 The Arch Rouge steered a course ... hogsheads full of gunpowder. Daniel Defoe. 1999 [orig. 1724]. A General History of the Pyrates. Manuel Schonhorn (ed.). Mineola, NY: Dover Publications, pp. 216-217; Boston News-Letter, August 22, 1720, as cited in J. Franklin Jameson (ed.) 1970 [orig. 1923]. Privateering and Piracy in the Colonial Period: Illustrative Documents. New York: A. M. Kelley, p. 317. Page 7 Whilst the sea glaziers debated the virtues … and sending off the other two.” Charles Ellms. 1996 [orig 1837]. The Pirates: Authentic Narratives of the Lives, Exploits, and Executions of the World’s Most Infamous Buccaneers. Avenel, NJ: Gramercy Books, p. 55. Roberts and his ravenous rogues … deprived of their cargo and supplies. Edward Rowe Snow. 2004. Pirates and Buccaneers of the Atlantic Coast. Beverly, MA: Commonwealth Editions, p. 253. Whilst in the West Indies … (A Martiniquain’s Head). Douglas Botting. 1978. The Pirates. Alexandria, VA: Time Life Books, p. 166; Philip Gosse. 1976 [orig. 1932]. The History of Piracy. New York: Tudor Publishing Company, p. 188. Pages 7-8 In June of one thousand seven hundred and twenty-one … “had to contend with a man-of-war.” Charles Ellms, 1996 [orig 1837]. The Pirates: Authentic Narratives of the Lives, Exploits, and Executions of the 2 World’s Most Infamous Buccaneers. Avenel, NJ: Gramercy Books, pp. 56-57; Hawkeye Pike. 2005. Pirate Biographies. Bartholomew Roberts, http://people.freenet.de/hawkeyepike/bios/bio02.htm Page 8 “the most expensive garments … desperate and bloody engagement.” Edward Rowe Snow. 2004. Pirates and Buccaneers of the Atlantic Coast. Beverly, MA: Commonwealth Editions, p. 254. “He had now … and within a moment’s breath, was no more. Charles Ellms. 1996 [orig 1837]. The Pirates: Authentic Narratives of the Lives, Exploits, and Executions of the World’s Most Infamous Buccaneers. Avenel, NJ: Gramercy Books, p. 58. “the devil himself would have been afeared to go to sea with”… Robert Louis Stevenson. 1963 [orig. 1883]. Treasure Island. New York: Companion Library, p. 81. When the pyrate crew realized … hanged in chains from a gibbet on shore.” Harold Harwood and Ed Butts. 1984. Pirates and Outlaws of Canada, 1610-1932. Toronto: Doubleday, p. 89. “one hundred and sixty nine men were charged, forty five of them freed negroes. Piet Brinton and Roger Worsley. 1987. Open Secrets: Explorations in South Wales. London: Gomer, p. 171. In excess of fifty men… the Golden Age of Piracy. Edward Rowe Snow. 2004. Pirates and Buccaneers of the Atlantic Coast. Beverly, MA: Commonwealth Editions, p. 255; J. Franklin Jameson (ed.) 1970 [orig. 1923]. Privateering and Piracy in the Colonial Period: Illustrative Documents. New York: A. M. Kelley, p. 314; Daniel Defoe. 1999 [orig. 1724]. A General History of the Pyrates. Manuel Schonhorn (ed.). Mineola, NY: Dover Publications, p. xxii. Page 9 Every man shall obey Civil Command … shall suffer present death. Jack A. Gottschalk and Brian P. Flanagan. 2000. Jolly Roger with an Uzi: The Rise and Threat of Modern Piracy. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, pp. 9-10. Crews of pirate ships often … let ‘em fall at once into the water.” Dan Conlin. 1995. “Crossing the line: The navy’s hazing ritual is not in the least brutal – it helps bond crews with a maritime tradition.” Halifax Daily News. February 15, p. 17. Page 10 … piracy was an occupation … themselves notorious offenders.” Michael Woodiwiss. 2002. Organized Crime and American Power: A History. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, p. 29. The aristocratic patron … too close to their Cornwall fortress. Harold Harwood and Ed Butts. 1984. Pirates and Outlaws of Canada, 1610-1932. Toronto: Doubleday, p. 2; Hawkeye Pike. 2005. Pirate Biographies. Mary Killigrew, http://people.freenet.de/hawkeyepike/bios/bio61.htm; Foxe, Moderator, Message Board: Pirates Facts and Legends Re: Female Pirates, Lady Killigrew, posted August 12 2005, www.piratesinfo.com/mysql/phorum/ ... perhaps the one thing … more interested in plunder than murder.” Carol MacLeod. 1978. “Privateers and petticoats.” pp. 205-214 in Nova Scotia Historical Quarterly. Vol. 8, p. 212. 3 Pages 10-11 Commissioned by the Crown … of any government. Glenn John Keough. 1995. Economic Factors and Privateering at Newfoundland during the War of 1812. Thesis (M.A.) Fredericton, NB: University of New Brunswick, pp. 1, 3-4; Faye Kert. 1997. Prize and Prejudice: Privateering and Naval Prize in Atlantic Canada in the War of 1812. St. John’s, NL: International Maritime Economic History Association, p. 2; Philip Gosse. 1950. “Piracy.” pp. 337-349 in The Mariner’s Mirror. Vol. 36, p. 343. Page 11 “In 1572 alone … to avoid being razed by the invaders.” Michael Woodiwiss. 2002. Organized Crime and American Power: A History. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, p. 28. The earliest record of a pirate ship … arrived in the New World. Frank Galgay and Michael McCarthy. 1989. Buried Treasures of Newfoundland and Labrador. St. John’s, NL: Harry Cuff Publications, pp. 1-2. Perhaps the most famous … France’s early dominance in Newfoundland. Cyril Poole (ed.). 1993. “Pirates and privateers.” in Encyclopedia of Newfoundland and Labrador. Vol. 7. St. Johns, NL: Newfoundland Book Publishers, p. 310; Harold Horwood. 1967. Pirates in Newfoundland in the 17th, 18th and 19th Centuries. Lecture given to the Newfoundland Historical Society, March 14, p. 8; Harold Horwood and Ed Butts. 1988. Bandits and Privateers. Canada in the Age of Gunpowder. Halifax, NS: Goodread Biographies, p. 2. The next recorded instance of piracy … off the Grand Banks. Frank Galgay and Michael McCarthy. 1989. Buried Treasures of Newfoundland and Labrador. St. John’s, NL: Harry Cuff Publications, pp. 1-2. In 1582 … of the Avalon Peninsula. Terra Nova Greens. [no date]. Piracy in Newfoundland. www.infonet.st-johns.nf.ca/providers/green/pirate.html Pages 11-12 A year later … loaded with fish. Frank Galgay & Michael McCarthy. 1989. Buried Treasures of Newfoundland and Labrador. St. John’s, NL: Harry Cuff Publications, p. 2. Page 12 “pirate captains set up forts … including the ships of England. Harold Horwood and Ed Butts. 1984. Pirates and Outlaws of Canada, 1610-1932. Toronto: Doubleday, pp.