REFOR T R E S E S ED 015 643 EM 004 0(4 USING AUDIO-VISUAL MATERIALS-IN THEELEMENTARY CLASSROOM. BY- FOSTER, I. OWEN INDIANA STATE DEFT. PUBLIC INSTR.,INDIANAPOLIS REPORT` NUMBER BULL-228 PUS DATE 59 ERRS PRICE MF-$0.75 HC-$7.08 175F. DESCRIPTORS- *ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS,*AUDIOVISUAL AIDS, *EDUCATIONAL IMPROVEMENT, SOCIALSTUDIES, ELEMENTARY SCHOOL SCIENCE, LANGUAGE ARTS, ARITHMETIC,HEALTH EDUCATION, ART, MUSIC THIS BULLETIN WAS PREPARED TOPROMOTE TfiE EFFECTIVE USE OF AUDIOVISUAL MATERIALS INELEMENTARY SCHOOLS. CHAPTERSARE GROUPED UNDER THE HEADINGS, PHILOSOPHY,RESOURCE UNITS, AUDIOVISUAL MATERIALS IN SUBJECTAREAS, AND EFFECTIVENESS. SUBJECT AREAS DISCUSSED ARE SOCIALSTUDIES, SCIENCE, LANGUAGE ARTS, ARITHMETIC, HEALTH ANDSAFETY, AND ART AND MUSIC. FOLLOWING EACH CHAPTER ARE REFERENCESON RELATED MATERIALS. ILLUSTRATED. (MS) il.Gbik711.L co a OD ON A ay do 4 OD dillb r AM. at I IL i I I AI 4, i I . A 1 T State. In na I DEPARTMENT' OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION 0. Bulletin No. 228 s , . k [. VV)LBUR YOUNG ; , , : ,, .State Superintendent of PublIc -Instruction 1959. v fOMIIMIN/WW. State of Indiana DEPARTMENT OF PUBLICINSTRUCTION Bulletin No. 228 USING AUD1O-VISUALMATERIALS IN THE ELEMENTARYCLASSROOM Prepared bya Committee U.S. DEPARTMENT Of HEALTH,EDUCATION & WELFARE OFFICE EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN en REPRODUCED EXACTLY ASRECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION O ORIGINATING IT.e0INTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICEOF EDUCATION POSITION OR POLICY. WILBUR YOUNG State Superintendent of PublicInstruction 2 1959 FOREWORD 1958, in an editorialentitled "More The ClevelandPress on March 31, the followi7.gstatement: "For itis to Teach, Moreto Learn" :nade blame the schools true that peoplein general havefound it expedient to is running secondin the space age." for the fact thatthe United States that when long since becomeaccustomed to the fact School people have democratic processes,the public a shortcomingis recognized in our 4 educational institutions.The patterngenerally begins to criticize our to receive thefirst blame. followed is for thecolleges and universities providing a blame the Americanhigh schools for not They, in turn, high schools, intheir turn, tendto sufficiently goodproduct, and the program in ourelementary schools. blame the educational gives them always welcomecriticism because it Educational leaders of our schools aregood. the opportunity to provethat the products the opportunity toshow the public It also givesAmerican educators improved educational processescould be materially how American to education. if a greater per centof the taxdollar were allocated advanced tools forimproving educationaltechniques Among the most only are these materials, equipment,and supplies. Not are audio-visual value unlessthoughtfully selected items expensive, butthey are also of no amount of wisely used.Fortunately, a considerable and correctly and of audio-visualequipment knowledge concerningthe selection and use to administratorsof our secondaryschools, has been disseminated the proper use ofaudio- although little materialis as yet available on elementary schools.Nevertheless, the Indiana visual materials in our made its firstcontribution in State Departmentof Public Instruction general informationconcerning theorganization 1956 to this available Depart- of audio-visual programs.In that year, the and administration Bulletin No. 218, TheAudio-Visual ment of PublicInstruction published audio-visual Program, which was aguide for initiatingand expanding programs in theschools of Indiana. been prepared to ensureincreasingly wise and Bulletin No. 228 has especially in theelementary resourceful use ofaudio-visual materials, need for a pub- and the nation.Because of the great schools of Indiana I am sure thateducational admin- lication of this kindin Indiana today, find this bulletin istrators andelementary teachersof our State will useful and beneficial. WILBUR YOUNG State Superintendentof Public Instruction ill COMMITTEE ON PREPARATION Mrs. Susan Baldwin Alice Funfar Elementary Supervisor formerly Elementary Teacher Kokomo Public Schools Laboratory School Indiana State Teachers College Dr. Beryl Blain Dr. Carolyn Guss Production Supervisor Associate in Selection Audio-Visual Center, and Audio-Visual Center, and Assistant Professor Associate Professor School of Education, School of Education Indiana University In<tiana University Dr. Catherine Broderick Mrs. Violet Guy formerly Director formerly Elementary Teacher Visual Education, Geography Vernon School History, English Vernon Fort Wayne Public Schools Frank Hammond, Superintendent Mrs. Mary Castle Munster City Schools Elementary Supervisor Mrs. Vera W. Hopping, Supervisor Marion County Schools Elementary Education Indianapolis Service Section Indianapolis Public Schools Hallie Conrad Elementary Supervisor L. C. Larson, Director Elkhart Public Schools Audio-Visual Center, and Associate Professor Fay Cover, Director School of Education, Guidance and Audio-Visual Indiana University Education Kokomo Public Schools Doris Lynn, Consultant Audio-Visual Education. McCabe Day, Director Indianapolis Public Schools AudioVisual Center and Russell McDougal, Director Station WVSH Audio Visual Center and Huntington City Schools Associate Professor School of Education, Dr. Maxine Dunfee Indiana State Teachers College Associate Professor School of Education George McIntire, Director Indiana University Audio-Visual Education Michigan City Public Schools Wes Felmlee Film Librarian Vernon McKown, Director Ball State Teachers College Audio-Visual Instruction Muncie New Albany City Schools iv Mrs. Margaret Mercille Dr. Ruth Runke Assistant Professor Associate Professor School of Education, School of Education Indiana University Indiana State Teachers College Eleanor O'Connor Mrs. La Vaughn Shinness Elementary Supervisor Elementary Teacher Michigan City Public Schools North Vernon Elementary School Mrs. Rita Ray Marion Stover, Principal EleMentary Teacher Francis M. Price School Porter School, Hammond Fort Wayne Mrs. Altha J. Sullivan, Chairman Administrative Assistant in Charge of Audio-Visual Education State Department of Public Instruction Dr. Margaret T. Fisher Special Editorial Consultant State Department of Public Instruction, and Associate Professor of English Butler University UNDER THE DIRECTION OF Dr. I. OWEN FOSTER, State Directorof Curriculum Development State Department of Public Instruction,and Associate Professor of Edu- cation, School of Education, IndianaUniversity Ai& __FEEIr.._ At '4113110 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS On behalf of the State Department of Public Instruction of Indiana, the State Superintendent of Public Instruction expresses hearty appre- ciation to all who have made possible the publication of this useful bulletin: to the Committee on Preparation, and the Director of Curricu- lum Development under whose direction it was compiled; to the par- ticipating teachers listed in Appendix I, who provided actual classroom experiences; to the bibliographic editor, 011ie E. Bissmeyer, Audio- Visual Center, Indiana University; to George Disborough of Keeling and Company, Indianapolis, for the cover design and the graphic illustrations of the volcano and the abacus and accompanying arithmeti- cal devices; and to the Audio-Visual Council on Public Information hr.: use of photographs and other illustrative art work from Gateway to Learning which are used on pages vi, 2, 12, 48, 55, 132, 133 of this Bulletin. vii ILLUSTRATIONS PHOTOGRAPHS Chapter Page 1.Curiosity and kinship unite in the intent gaze of this little girl__vi 2.Today's audio-visual materials challenge vs by their variety CI and scope 2 3. Audio-visual materials used in the classroom are an integral part of the teaching-learning process 5 4.Audio-visual materials help pupils understand Things Which Are12 5.Attractive light-control facilities in the classroom increase the effectiveness of audio-visual materials 20 6.Centralized collections of audio-visual materials are useful to teachers 30 7.Audio-visual materials compel attention 48 8.Field trip schedules facilitate use of school tour bus_ 53 9.Motion pictures bring the world into the classroom 55 10. Science exhibits provide pupils with many and varied informal study experiences 64 11. Pupil experimentation helps to clarify scientific relationships__65 12. Pupils enjoy hearing themselvesat the same time that they learn 80 13. Many types of audio-visual materials can be used for recreation by individuals or small groups 99 14. Learning is often facilitated by projected teacher- or pupil- made materials 117 15. Radio provides valuable and enjoyable listening experiences in language arts classes 120 FIGURES 1. Educational Radio Coverage in Indiana 16 2. Improvised Classroom Volcano 63 3. Abacus 90 Hundred-peg Board 90 Multiplication-division Board 90 Place-value Box 90 Stick Board 90 4. The Values of Audio-Visual Materials 132-133 viii CONTENTS Page FOREWORD COMMITTEE ON PREPARATION iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Vii ILLUSTRATIONS Viii CONTENTS ix 1 PHILOSOPHY Chapter Page I.AUDIO-VISUAL EDUCATION-WHAT IT IS AND WHY USE IT What Is Audio-Visual Education ? 3 General Values of Audio-Visual Education _ 3 Classroom Values of Audio-Visual Education 4 How Audio-Visual Materials Improve Teaching 8 References 10 II.PLANNING FOR THE USE OF AUDIO-VISUAL MATERIALS Children's Needs and InterestsSociety's Demands_ 11 Learning About Audio-Visual Materials _ _13 Surveying Locally Available Materials 14 Basic Sources of Information on Audio-Visual Ma' 15 Characteristics Good