Agriculture and Rural Development Project (ARDP) ESIA for Rehabilitation of Radoniqi-Dukagjini Irrigation Scheme ENVIROMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT Public Disclosure Authorized ASSESSMENT (ESIA) FOR THE SUB- COMPONENT 3 (a): REHABILITATION OF RADONIQI IRRIGATION SCHEME Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Prishtina, 03.12.2019 Public Disclosure Authorized Agriculture and Rural Development Project (ARDP) ESIA for Rehabilitation of Radoniqi-Dukagjini Irrigation Scheme Contents 1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................... 7 1.1 Project objectives ................................................................................................................................ 8 1.2 Project scope ....................................................................................................................................... 8 2. BACKGROUND INFORMATON AND PROJECT CONTEXT ....................................................................... 9 3. LEGAL AND POLICY REQUIREMENTS FOR THE ESIA ............................................................................ 10 3.1 National Legislation of Relevance for the ESIA ................................................................................. 10 3.2 ESIA Procedure and Permitting ......................................................................................................... 13 3.3 Land Acquisition / Expropriation ...................................................................................................... 14 3.4 World Bank ESIA policy ..................................................................................................................... 15 3.4.1 Environmental Assessment (OP/BP 4.01) .................................................................................. 15 3.4.2 Involuntary Resettlement (OP/BP 4.12) .................................................................................... 16 3.4.3 Natural Habitats (OP/BP 4.04) ................................................................................................... 16 3.4.5 Physical Cultural Resources (OP/BP 4.11) .................................................................................. 16 4. PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND CONSIDERATION OF ALTERNATIVES ......................................................... 17 4.1 Project Description ............................................................................................................................ 17 Technical Characteristics of Radoniqi Scheme ................................................................................... 19 Main channel system .......................................................................................................................... 21 Outlet structure .................................................................................................................................. 23 Basins .................................................................................................................................................. 24 Regulating structure (radial gates)...................................................................................................... 24 Pump stations ..................................................................................................................................... 24 4.2. Radoniqi irrigation network ............................................................................................................. 25 4.3. Dukagjini Irrigation Network ............................................................................................................ 26 Technical Characteristics of Dukagjini Irrigation Scheme ................................................................... 28 Main Canal System .............................................................................................................................. 28 4.4 Project alternatives ........................................................................................................................... 29 4.5.1 Zero Alternative ......................................................................................................................... 29 4.5.2 Rehabilitation of existing irrigation network alternative ........................................................... 30 5. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL BASELINE .............................................................................................. 30 5.1. Environmental Baseline ................................................................................................................... 31 5.2. Topography and Landscape ............................................................................................................. 31 Agriculture and Rural Development Project (ARDP) ESIA for Rehabilitation of Radoniqi-Dukagjini Irrigation Scheme Landscape Baseline Conditions ........................................................................................................... 33 5.3 Climate .............................................................................................................................................. 33 5.4. Climate change ................................................................................................................................. 34 Impact of Climate change on irrigation water demands ........................................................................ 35 CONCLUSIONS: .................................................................................................................................... 37 5.5 Air Quality ......................................................................................................................................... 37 Air quality in the project area ............................................................................................................. 42 5.6 Geology and hydrogeology ............................................................................................................... 42 5.7 Hydrology .......................................................................................................................................... 43 5.7 Water Quality .................................................................................................................................... 46 5.8 Floods ................................................................................................................................................ 48 5.9 Seismic characteristics ...................................................................................................................... 48 5.10 Landslides and Erosions .................................................................................................................. 49 5.11 Land use .......................................................................................................................................... 51 5.12 Soil Quality ...................................................................................................................................... 53 5.13 Soil Pollution ................................................................................................................................... 53 5.13 Natural Protected Areas and Biodeversity Features....................................................................... 54 5.14 Waste management ........................................................................................................................ 57 5.15 Review of Social Baseline Data ....................................................................................................... 57 5.15.1 MUNICIPALITY BRIEFINGS ................................................................................................... 57 5.15.2 REVIEW ON LOCAL INSTITUTIONAL SETUP AND ECONOMY IN THE MUNICIPALITIES ............ 59 5.15.3 Health care ............................................................................................................................... 61 5.15.4 Education ................................................................................................................................. 61 5.15.5 Cultural Heritage ...................................................................................................................... 61 5.15.6 Religious and Cultural Sites ...................................................................................................... 62 6. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment ....................................................................................... 62 6.1 Impacts on Landscape ....................................................................................................................... 66 6.1.1 Rehabilitation phase .................................................................................................................. 66 6.1.2 Operation phase......................................................................................................................... 66 6.2 Impacts on Soil and Erosion .............................................................................................................. 67 6.2.1 Rehabilitation works .................................................................................................................. 67 6.2.2 Operational phase .....................................................................................................................