Projet de collecte de données sur le cinéma et l‘audiovisuel EU funded Programme FILM AND AUDIOVISUAL DATA COLLECTION PROJECT PROJET DE COLLECTE DE DONNÉES SUR LE CINÉMA ET L‘AUDIOVISUEL STATISCAL DATA COLLECTION PROJECT ON FILM AND AUDIOVISUAL MARKETS IN 9 MEDITERRANEAN COUNTRIES Country Profile: 1. EGYPT EUROMED AUDIOVISUAL III / CDSU in collaboration with the EUROPEAN AUDIOVISUAL OBSERVATORY Dr. Sahar Ali, Media Expert, CDSU Euromed Audiovisual III Under the supervision of Dr. André Lange, Head of the Department for Information on Markets and Financing, European Audiovisual Observatory (Council of Europe) Strasbourg, 29 March 2012 1 Film and audiovisual data collection project Disclaimer “The present publication was produced with the assistance of the European Union. The capacity development support unit of Euromed Audiovisual III programme is alone responsible for the content of this publication which can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union, or of the European Audiovisual Observatory or of the Council of Europe of which it is part.” The report is available on the programme website: www.euromedaudiovisual.net Euromed Audiovisual III 2 Film and audiovisual data collection project NATIONAL AUDIOVISUAL ENVIRONMENTS IN THE NINE PARTNER COUNTRIES EGYPT ....................................................................................................................... 5 1. BASIC DATA....................................................................................................6 1.1. Population .............................................................................................6 1.2. Number of households and of TV households ......................................6 1.3. Membership in active international in the audiovisual sector.................6 2. TELEVISION MARKET IN EGYPT ..................................................................8 2.1. Brief overview of the regulatory framework ...........................................8 2.1.1. Telecommunications ................................................................8 2.1.2. Radio-television activities.........................................................8 2.2. Modes of TV reception ........................................................................10 2.2.1. Terrestrial network .................................................................10 2.2.2. Satellite ..................................................................................10 2.2.3 Cable .....................................................................................11 2.2.4. Telephone networks / Broadband networks / IPTV ................11 2.2.5 IPTV .......................................................................................15 2.3. Channel offers .....................................................................................16 2.3.1 Number of television channels ...............................................16 2.3.2. Distribution of channels offer by type .....................................17 3. PUBLIC RADIO TELEVISION SECTOR: ERTU; PRODUCTION INFRASTRUCTURE NETWORKS ................................................................18 3.3. NTN and NILE Thematic networks ......................................................20 3.4. Egypt News Centre: ............................................................................21 3.4.1. Egypt News Channel: ............................................................21 3.4.2. Nile TV International ..............................................................22 3.5. Television series and ERTU production sector ...................................23 3.5.1. Importance of television series ..............................................23 3.5.2. ERTU production sector (Qita‘ Al-Intaj) ..................................23 3.6. ERTU economic activities and services ..............................................24 3.6.1. ERTU Financial and Economic sector (Qita‘ Al-she‘oun al- maliya wa al-iktissadeyah) .....................................................24 3.6.2. Advertising .............................................................................24 3.6.3. Marketing ...............................................................................26 3.6.4. Production of television series and programmes ...................27 3.7. Audiovisual company Voice of Cairo (Sowt Al-Qahirah lelsowtiyat wa almaréyat) ......................................................................................28 3.8. Egyptian Media Production City (EMPC) (Madinat Al-intag Al- ielami)..................................................................................................29 3.8.1. A large production group........................................................29 3.8.2. The Film Agency (Gihaz al-cinema) .......................................30 3.8.3. The international Academy of sciences and information technology .............................................................................31 3.8.4. The media free zone (Al-mantika al-ielamiyah al-hora) .........31 3.8.5. EMPC income ........................................................................32 4. PRIVATE SATELLITE CHANNELS ...............................................................34 4.1. Public and private Egyptian satellite channels (March 2012) ..............35 Euromed Audiovisual III 3 Film and audiovisual data collection project 4.2. Audience market shares of a few non-Egyptian Arab channels (2011) ..................................................................................................38 5. AUDIENCE MEASURING OF TELEVISION CHANNELS .............................39 6. ONLINE TELEVISION AND AUDIOVISUAL SERVICES ON DEMAND ........43 6.1. Channels broadcasting via Internet .....................................................43 6.2. ―Branded channels‖ of Egyptian broadcasters on YouTube ................43 6.3. Internet video services on demand .....................................................44 7. THE FILM MARKET .......................................................................................47 7.1. Historical overview ..............................................................................47 7.2. Political control ....................................................................................48 7.3.1 The National Film Centre (CNC) ........................................................49 7.3.2 The Chamber of cinema industry ...........................................51 7.4. Film production ....................................................................................51 7.4.1. Film production and distribution companies ...........................52 7.4.2. Film production (2002 – 2011) ...............................................54 7.4.3. Importance of coproductions..................................................55 7.5. Film distribution and operation ............................................................56 7.5.1. Distribution structure ..............................................................56 7.5.2. Operating structure ................................................................56 7.5.3. Digitization of cinemas ...........................................................57 7.5.4. Prices of admission tickets.....................................................58 7.5.5. Data on film success ..............................................................58 7.5.6. Distribution of foreign films in Egypt .......................................60 7.6. Distribution of Egyptian films abroad ...................................................62 7.6.1. Distribution in Arab countries .................................................62 7.6.2. Distribution in countries of the European Union .....................63 7.6.3. Other parts of the world .........................................................65 7.7. The physical video market...................................................................65 7.8. Recent VoD beginnings.......................................................................65 7.8.1. Shofta.com.............................................................................66 7.8.2. Du ..........................................................................................67 7.9. National film events .............................................................................67 7.9.1. Cairo International Film Festival ............................................67 7.9.2. Alexandria Film Festival .........................................................67 7.9.3. Ismailia International Festival.................................................68 7.10. Obstacles to the development of the Egyptian film market..................68 7.10.1. The Arab sponsoring phenomenon ........................................68 7.10.2. Satellite competition ...............................................................69 7.10.3. Piracy .....................................................................................70 7.10.4. Censorship.............................................................................70 7.10.5. Transition towards digital cinema management .....................71 Euromed Audiovisual III 4 Film and audiovisual data collection project EGYPT Population: 85.5 (estimation January 2012) Surface area: 997.739 km² Proportion of the population living on less than 2 USD/day (2009-UNDP): 18.5% Currency/ rate of exchange: Egyptian pound EGP; 1 euro = 7.63630 EGP Euromed Audiovisual III 5 Film and audiovisual data collection project 1. BASIC DATA 1.1. Population Egypt