T2 Handbook (Also Covering ROCK Linux up to 2.0)

T2 Handbook (Also Covering ROCK Linux up to 2.0)

T2 Handbook (also covering ROCK Linux up to 2.0) Ren´eRebe [email protected] (Version 0.1.7 - July 26, 2006) ii This material may be distributed only subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Open Publication License, v1.0, including license option ’B’: Distri- bution of the work or derivative of the work in any standard (paper) book form for commercial purposes is prohibited unless prior permission is obtained from the copyright holder. The latest version of the Open Publication License is presently available at http://www.opencontent.org/openpub/. This T2 Handbook is Copyright c 2002 - 2006 Ren´eRebe [email protected], based upon the former: ROCK Guide written by Pjotr Prins [email protected]. T2 is Copyright c 2004 - 2006 The T2 Project. ROCK Linux is Copyright c 1998 - 2006 Clifford Wolf. Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds. All trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Contents I Getting started 1 1 Introduction 3 2 What is T2? 5 2.1 Introduction .............................. 5 2.2 T2 is different ............................. 5 2.2.1 Different as a Distribution Build Kit ............. 6 2.2.2 Different as a distribution ................... 8 2.3 Targets (aka Sub-distributions) .................... 10 2.3.1 Boot-, Install-, Rescue-System ................ 11 2.3.2 Generic ............................. 11 2.3.3 Desktop ............................ 11 2.3.4 Server ............................. 11 2.3.5 Minimal (Template) ...................... 11 2.3.6 Minimal + XFree (Template) ................. 12 2.3.7 Router ............................. 12 2.3.8 DietLibC ............................ 12 2.3.9 Other ............................. 12 2.4 Packages ................................ 12 2.5 Community .............................. 12 3 Introduction to the T2 Architecture 15 4 Which Version of T2 17 4.1 Introduction .............................. 17 4.2 Stable versus Development Scripts .................. 17 4.3 Stable versus Development Packages ................. 18 iii iv CONTENTS 4.4 What to choose? ........................... 18 4.5 T2 version 2.0 and later ........................ 18 5 Installation 19 5.1 Installation variants .......................... 19 5.1.1 CDROM ............................ 19 5.1.2 Network ............................ 19 5.1.3 Floppy ............................. 19 5.1.4 Standard boot/root floppies ................. 20 5.1.5 Create your own boot/root floppies ............. 20 5.1.6 Create a single boot/root floppy ............... 20 5.1.7 Hard disk ........................... 20 5.2 A normal end-user Installation .................... 20 5.2.1 Preparing for an Installation ................. 20 5.2.2 CD-ROM booting on x86 ................... 21 5.2.3 CD-ROM booting on PowerPC ................ 22 5.2.4 CD-ROM booting on SPARC ................. 22 5.2.5 Bootable Floppies ....................... 22 5.2.6 Boot (first Stage) ....................... 23 5.2.7 Installation (second Stage) .................. 24 5.2.8 Installation source ....................... 25 5.2.9 Post Installation ........................ 26 6 Troubleshooting 27 6.0.10 Shared libraries error ..................... 27 6.0.11 LILO .............................. 28 6.0.12 Out of disk space ....................... 28 6.0.13 X fontconfig won’t start .................... 28 6.0.14 X has no window manager .................. 28 7 Boot Loader 29 7.1 LILO .................................. 29 7.1.1 Clean Install .......................... 29 7.1.2 Configuration example for manual installation ........ 30 7.2 GRUB ................................. 30 7.2.1 Clean Install .......................... 30 7.2.2 Configuration example for manual installation ........ 30 7.2.3 Creating a GRUB floppy disk ................. 31 7.2.4 Installing GRUB from a floppy disk .............. 31 CONTENTS v 7.3 Yaboot ................................. 32 7.3.1 Clean Install .......................... 32 7.3.2 Configuration example for manual installation ........ 32 7.4 SILO .................................. 33 7.4.1 Clean Install .......................... 33 7.4.2 Configuration example for manual installation ........ 33 7.5 ABoot ................................. 34 7.5.1 Configuration example for manual installation ........ 34 7.6 I have no root and I want to scream ................. 34 8 Managing filesystems and files 35 8.1 Filesystems ............................... 35 8.2 Permissions, users and groups ..................... 36 8.2.1 A short introduction ...................... 36 8.2.2 Why should every user bother? ................ 37 9 DevFS 39 9.1 A short introduction .......................... 39 9.2 Permisson configuration ........................ 40 10 Hardware configuration (ROCK Plug) 41 10.1 A short introduction .......................... 41 10.2 Configuration files ........................... 42 10.2.1 Subsystem configuration file format ............. 42 10.2.2 Global configuration file format ................ 42 11 Network configuration (ROCK Net) 45 11.1 A short introduction .......................... 45 11.2 Configuration file ........................... 45 11.2.1 Keywords recognized by the basic module .......... 46 11.2.2 Keywords recognized by the DHCP module ......... 46 11.2.3 Keywords recognized by the DNS module .......... 47 11.2.4 Keywords recognized by the iproute2 module ........ 48 11.2.5 Keywords recognized by the wireless-tools module ...... 48 11.2.6 Keywords recognized by the iptables module ......... 51 11.2.7 Keywords recognized by the PPP module .......... 52 11.2.8 Profiles ............................. 54 11.2.9 Configuration examples .................... 54 11.3 Command-line Tools .......................... 56 vi CONTENTS 11.4 Tricking with pseudo-interfaces .................... 57 11.5 Compatibility ............................. 57 12 NFS (Network File System) 59 12.1 Introduction .............................. 59 12.2 Mounting a file system ........................ 59 13 CD-Writing 61 13.1 A short introduction .......................... 61 13.2 Which driver to use? ......................... 61 13.3 How to burn a raw ISO 9660 image? ................. 62 14 Package Management 63 14.1 Installing or updating a package from source ............. 63 14.2 Installing or updating a binary package ................ 64 14.3 Removing a package .......................... 64 14.4 Check consistency of an installed package .............. 64 15 Exceptional installation methods (for expert use) 67 15.1 Extracting the boot-disks to a hard-disk ............... 67 15.2 Direct Installation ........................... 68 15.3 1:1 Copy using dd ........................... 69 15.4 1:1 Copy using tar ........................... 69 15.5 Making it bootable .......................... 69 16 CFEngine - a configuration engine 71 16.1 Introduction .............................. 71 16.2 Install ................................. 71 16.3 Run .................................. 72 16.4 Cron .................................. 72 II Building T2 Linux 73 17 Download 75 17.1 Downloading the T2 source code ................... 75 17.2 Using the scripts ............................ 75 17.3 Updating The T2 Sources using Update-Src ............. 76 17.4 Updating The T2 Sources using Subversion ............. 76 17.4.1 Switching to another tree or version ............. 77 CONTENTS vii 18 Build 79 18.1 Preparing your build system ...................... 79 18.2 Configuring T2 ............................ 79 18.3 Downloading package sources ..................... 81 18.3.1 Mirrors ............................. 82 18.3.2 Missing files? ......................... 83 18.3.3 Fixing URL’s .......................... 83 18.3.4 Checksum ........................... 84 18.3.5 cURL .............................. 84 18.3.6 Tips .............................. 84 18.3.7 Unknown files ......................... 85 18.4 Building the Target .......................... 85 18.4.1 Build Errors .......................... 85 18.4.2 Cleanup ............................ 85 18.4.3 Build summary ........................ 86 18.5 Creating an ISO image (for CD-ROM installation) .......... 86 18.6 Building a single package ....................... 87 18.7 Troubleshooting ............................ 88 18.7.1 umount -d or -l Not Recognised ............... 88 18.7.2 No cleanup of source trees .................. 88 18.7.3 ERR: not a signal specification during Build ......... 88 18.7.4 Interrupted system call .................... 88 18.7.5 cp: invalid option - - L .................... 89 18.7.6 Command not found ..................... 89 18.7.7 mount: you must specify the filesystem type ......... 89 18.7.8 chroot: cannot execute bin/bash ............... 89 18.7.9 devfs .............................. 89 18.7.10 Free Disk Space ........................ 89 18.7.11 Building on a non-T2 systems ................ 90 18.7.12 Bootfloppy images ....................... 90 18.7.13 Building a required package manually ............ 90 18.7.14 Fixing Broken Packages .................... 91 18.8 Tips .................................. 91 18.8.1 Build for standard edition first ................ 91 18.8.2 Watch Progress ........................ 92 18.8.3 Cluster Build - the build speedup ............... 92 18.8.4 Set the ’nice’ level ....................... 92 viii CONTENTS 19 Extending T2 93 19.1 Introduction .............................. 93 19.2 Preparing ............................... 94 19.3 Installation script ........................... 94 19.4 Testing ................................. 95 19.5 Getting your package

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