COMMUNICATIONS CACM.ACM.ORG OF THEACM 11/2017 VOL.60 NO.11 Reconfigurable Cambits Association for Computing Machinery Previous A.M. Turing Award Recipients 1966 A.J. Perlis 1967 Maurice Wilkes 1968 R.W. Hamming 1969 Marvin Minsky 1970 J.H. Wilkinson 1971 John McCarthy 1972 E.W. Dijkstra 1973 Charles Bachman 1974 Donald Knuth 1975 Allen Newell 1975 Herbert Simon 1976 Michael Rabin 1976 Dana Scott 1977 John Backus 1978 Robert Floyd 1979 Kenneth Iverson 1980 C.A.R Hoare ACM A.M. TURING AWARD 1981 Edgar Codd 1982 Stephen Cook 1983 Ken Thompson NOMINATIONS SOLICITED 1983 Dennis Ritchie 1984 Niklaus Wirth Nominations are invited for the 2017 ACM A.M. Turing Award. 1985 Richard Karp 1986 John Hopcroft This is ACM’s oldest and most prestigious award and is given 1986 Robert Tarjan to recognize contributions of a technical nature which are of 1987 John Cocke 1988 Ivan Sutherland lasting and major technical importance to the computing field. 1989 William Kahan The award is accompanied by a prize of $1,000,000. 1990 Fernando Corbató 1991 Robin Milner Financial support for the award is provided by Google Inc. 1992 Butler Lampson 1993 Juris Hartmanis Nomination information and the online submission form 1993 Richard Stearns 1994 Edward Feigenbaum are available on: 1994 Raj Reddy http://amturing.acm.org/call_for_nominations.cfm 1995 Manuel Blum 1996 Amir Pnueli 1997 Douglas Engelbart Additional information on the Turing Laureates 1998 James Gray is available on: 1999 Frederick Brooks http://amturing.acm.org/byyear.cfm 2000 Andrew Yao 2001 Ole-Johan Dahl 2001 Kristen Nygaard The deadline for nominations/endorsements is 2002 Leonard Adleman January 15, 2018. 2002 Ronald Rivest 2002 Adi Shamir 2003 Alan Kay For additional information on ACM’s award program 2004 Vinton Cerf 2004 Robert Kahn please visit: www.acm.org/awards/ 2005 Peter Naur 2006 Frances E. Allen 2007 Edmund Clarke 2007 E. Allen Emerson 2007 Joseph Sifakis 2008 Barbara Liskov 2009 Charles P. Thacker 2010 Leslie G. Valiant 2011 Judea Pearl 2012 Shafi Goldwasser 2012 Silvio Micali 2013 Leslie Lamport 2014 Michael Stonebraker 2015 Whitfield Diffie 2015 Martin Hellman 2016 Sir Tim Berners-Lee CACM_2017_TuringSubmit_FP.indd 1 10/4/17 11:54 AM Introducing ACM Transactions on Human-Robot Interaction Now accepting submissions to ACM THRI In January 2018, the Journal of Human-Robot Interaction (JHRI) will become an ACM publication and be rebranded as the ACM Transactions on Human-Robot Interaction (THRI). Founded in 2012, the Journal of HRI has been serving as the premier peer-reviewed interdisciplinary journal in the eld. Since that time, the human-robot interaction eld has experienced substantial growth. Research ndings at the intersection of robotics, human-computer interaction, arti cial intelligence, haptics, and natural language processing have been responsible for important discoveries and breakthrough technologies across many industries. THRI now joins the ACM portfolio of highly respected journals. It will continue to be open access, fostering the widest possible readership of HRI research and information. All issues will be available on the ACM Digital Library. Editors-in-Chief Odest Chadwicke Jenkins of the University of Michigan and Selma Šabanović of Indiana University plan to expand the scope of the publication, adding a new section on mechanical HRI to the existing sections on computational, social/behavioral, and design-related scholarship in HRI. The inaugural issue of the rebranded ACM Transactions on Human-Robot Interaction is planned for March 2018. To submit, go to https://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/thri COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM Departments News Viewpoints 5 From the Co-Chairs of the ACM 20 Legally Speaking Student Research Competition Disgorging Profits in Highlights of the ACM Design Patent Cases Student Research Competition Does the recent U.S. Supreme Court By Laurie Williams and Doug Baldwin decision in the Apple v. Samsung case represent a quagmire? 6 Cerf’s Up By Pamela Samuelson Heidelberg Laureate Forum By Vinton G. Cerf 23 Computing Ethics Engaging the Ethics 7 Vardi’s Insights of Data Science in Practice Would Turing Have Won Seeking more common ground the Turing Award? between data scientists and By Moshe Y. Vardi their critics. 17 By Solon Barocas and danah boyd 8 Letters to the Editor They See What You See 12 A Block on the Old Chip 26 Education Block copolymers may Keeping the Machinery in 10 BLOG@CACM help transistors shrink Computing Education Opportunities for Women, to tinier dimensions. Incorporating intellectual and Minorities in Information Retrieval By Neil Savage developmental frameworks into Mei Kobayashi describes activities to a Scottish school curriculum. support diversity and inclusion at the 15 Censoring Sensors By Richard Connor, Quintin Cutts, annual meeting of the ACM Special Amid growing outcry over and Judy Robertson Interest Group on Information controversial online videos, Retrieval in Tokyo this summer. tech firms grapple with how best 29 Viewpoint to police online advertising. Pay What You Want as a Pricing 27 Calendar By Alex Wright Model for Open Access Publishing? Analyzing the “Pay What You Want” 100 Careers 17 Overcoming Disabilities business model for Brain-computer interfaces hold open access publishing. the promise of fully featured By Martin Spann, Lucas Stich, Last Byte replacements for body parts that and Klaus M. Schmidt don’t work or are missing. 112 Future Tense By Esther Shein 32 Viewpoint Butterfly Effect Social Agents: Bridging But, like the weather, what can Simulation and Engineering anyone do about it? Seeking better integration By Seth Shostak of two research communities. By Virginia Dignum Association for Computing Machinery Advancing Computing as a Science & Profession PHOTO BY BSIP/UIG VIA GETTY BY IMAGES PHOTO 2 COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM | NOVEMBER 2017 | VOL. 60 | NO. 11 11/2017 VOL. 60 NO. 11 Practice Contributed Articles Review Articles 44 54 68 36 Hootsuite: In Pursuit 54 Cambits: A Reconfigurable 68 Healthcare Robotics of Reactive Systems Camera System Healthcare robotics can provide A discussion with Edward Steel, Multiple computational cameras health and wellness support to Yanik Berube, Jonas Bonér, can be assembled from a common billions of people. Ken Britton, and Terry Coatta set of imaging components. By Laurel D. Riek By Makoto Odamaki and Shree K. Nayar 44 Breadth and Depth We all wear many hats, but make Watch the author discuss her work in this exclusive sure you have one that fits well. Watch the authors discuss Communications video. their work in this exclusive By Kate Matsudaira https://cacm.acm.org/ Communications video. videos/healthcare-robotics https://cacm.acm.org/ 46 Is There a Single Method for videos/cambits the Internet of Things? Research Highlights Essence can keep software 62 User Reviews of Top Mobile Apps development for the IoT in Apple and Google App Stores 80 Technical Perspective from becoming unwieldy. The varying review dynamics seen in Solving Imperfect Information Games By Ivar Jacobson, Ian Spence, different app stores can help guide By David Silver and Pan-Wei Ng future app development strategies. By Stuart McIlroy, Weiyi Shang, 81 Heads-Up Limit Hold’em Articles’ development led by Nasir Ali, and Ahmed E. Hassan Poker Is Solved queue.acm.org By Michael Bowling, Neil Burch, Michael Johanson, and Oskari Tammelin 89 Technical Perspective About the Cover: Exploring a Kingdom This month’s covers depict by Geodesic Measures a simple set of blocks that can be used to build By Marc Alexa a variety of cameras with very different functionalities. Four 90 The Heat Method for different Communications Distance Computation covers are circulating worldwide, each depicting By Keenan Crane, Clarisse Weischedel, a different “Cambit.” and Max Wardetzky Our thanks to Shree Nayar and Anne Fleming of Columbia University for hosting this photoshoot. L-TO-R IMAGES BY: LIGHTSPRING; ALEXANDER BERG; LAURA LEZZA/GETTY BERG; LAURA IMAGES ALEXANDER LIGHTSPRING; BY: IMAGES L-TO-R Covers by Alexander Berg. NOVEMBER 2017 | VOL. 60 | NO. 11 | COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM 3 COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM Trusted insights for computing’s leading professionals. 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