THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES il -.;^ >--i ; . An?' Mi:-''' 4 ,. 'f V '1 \ \v\V HENRY IRVING. y^wn. «. /i/ur€e?ytayi/i Oy, J^f ..><? PPa/^»^. HENRY IRVIN.G IN ENGLAND and AMERICA 1838-84 BY FREDERIC DALY ' This ahozie all : To thine own self he true i Ami it mustfollow, as the niglit the day, Thou canst not then befalse to any )iian." Shakespeare " ' PeiseTerance keeps honour bright.' Do your duty. Be fatthfnl to the /inblic to "whom we all appeal, and that public loill be faitliful to you.'— Henky Irving ]] riH VIGNETTE PORTRAIT ETCHED DY AD. LALAUZE T. FISHER UNWIN 26 PATERNOSTER SQUARE 1884 " ^5 IN A MIRROR, WE SEE IN FLA YS IVHA T IS BECOMING IN A SERVANT, WHAT IN A LORD, WHAT BECOMES THE YOUNG, AND WHA7 THE OLD. CHRISTIANS SHOULD NOT ENTIRELY FLEE FROM COMEDIES, BECAUSE NOW AND THEN THERE ARE COARSE MATTERS IN THEM. I OR THE SAME REASON J IE MIGHT CEASE TO READ THE BIBLE.''— Mautix Lutiiku. XTA8 CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. EARL V A SSOCIA TIONS. I'AGK February 6, 1838—A Schoolmaster Alarmed— "It's a Bad " ' — . I Profession A Curious Coincidence . CHAPTER H. PROBATION. A Spiteful Faii-y—The First Disappointment—Hamlet : An Augury—London at Last ...... 10 CHAPTER HL FIRST SUCCESSES IN LONDON. A Monojjoly of Stage \'illains — Stirring Encouragement — A Momentous Experiment — At the Lyceum — "The " Bells"— Pleasant Prophecies— Charles L"—"Eugene Aram"—A too subtle Richelieu — "Philip"— Hamlet: a Fulfilment— Shakespeare spells Popularity . iS CHAPTER I\". SHAKESPEARE AND TENNYSON. Tradition at Bay — "Queen Mary"—Academic Honours— " " Exit Cibber— The Lyons Mail "— Louis XL"— End of the Bateman Management ...... 42 758^88 CONTENTS. CHAl'TKR \'. ACTOR AND MANAGER. PAGE A Brilliant Coadjutor—" The Iron Chest "—"The Merchant "—" Brothers "—Edwin Booth of Venice The Corsican — at the Lyceum—Should lago eat Grapes? Helen and Modus 5^ CHAPTER VI. THE OLD TALISMAN AND THE NEW. — — The "Romeo and Juliet"— Benedick Whipped Cream Light of Other Days 7° CHAPTER VII. HONOURS AND FAREWELLS. Mr. The Fourth of July, 18S3—Lord Coleridge's Speech— of —An Unfounded Criticism — Irving's Purity Purpose — Manager and Friend—A Birthday Present to America — Me- Mr. Irving's Reply — Macready's Testament A moralile Farewell — The Decline of Bigotry—An Art which never Dies — Scenic Decoration — "This Dear — I . Hamlet"—At Knowslcy Westward Ho . 7S CHAPTER VIII. TJ/E AMERICAN TOUR, 1883-S4. " " The Peculiar Dimjile —A Wholesome Understanding- " First Night in New Vork— Un(|ualified Popular Ap- Method proval "—"They wanted to like me "—An Easy of Criticism— A Comical Delusion—The Actors and Louis " XL—ATribute toSliylock—" Hamlet in Philadelphia— " " — Because they are true —The Rift in llie Lute "The " I them warm" Lyons Mail" in 15oston— found— extremely ( — Methods -Piut liicago <,)ue voulez-vous? New andOld CONTENTS. vii PAGE " — the — — "The Prince and Gentleman Chicago's Ecstasy— A Washington Oracle —New Definition of Originality The Chief Lesson for Americans— Recantation— One for Indianapolis ......... loS CHAPTER L\. AMERICAN CRITICISM. '• — ! — Barn-stormers," Begone — The Truth about Mannerisms— Philadelpliia Converts Mr. Towse's Idea of Genius " " — An Incongruous Shylock Mr. Irving's Opportunities —Genius under a lUishel —What is the ( 'reative Faculty?— The Supreme Charm . '157 CHAPTER X. THIi SECRET OE SUCCESS. A Truism—A Critic's Dilemma—Mr. Archer's "Lump"— "Uncritical" Gratitude— Is this Inspiration?—Clashing Torches—The Actor's Art—The Real Methods of Suc- cess—A Rehearsal at the Lyceum— Ingenuity or Imagi- nation — Passive Detractors — Rabid Hostility — Unin- — of the spired Censors—Mr. Irving's Guide Palmy Days " " Drama— Handel in Shakespeare's day—The Educa- tional Slnndpnint— An Enterprising Manager . 176 CHAPTER XI. ESSA YS AND ADDRESSES. Puritanic Inconsistency — An Appeal to the Clergy — The — Actor's Aim—Shake- Perry Barr Institute The — Highest speare and his Interpreters Utility of the Average — of Educated —A Timid Drama The Property People— Bishop — Is a Dramatic School Necessary? The De- mands of Public Taste—Our Indebtedness to the Stage— " " The Faults of the Stage— The Actor— Shakespeare " "— —A Noble Privilege—A Nut for the Unco' Guid Vlll CONTENTS. ' ' " Student and I'laygoer— Thinl<ing Aloud —The Recruits of the Stage — Has Punch Feelings? — The Tests of Personal Art— Did Ophelia Know ?—A Compliment from Salvini 212 CHAPTER XII. PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS. — A Tennysonian Idyll The Despair of Photographers—A Recipe for Caricature—\ Staircase Tragedy—An Odd Medley—The Old Lady at Stratford-on-Avon—A Story of Macready—Captivated Divines—At the Back of the North Wind—Unspoiled by Fortune—The Reward of Great Deeds 257 APPENDIX. List of Parts played liy .Mr. Irving in London since October 6, 1S66 279 Mr. Edwin IJooth on the English Stage 281 Mr. Irving's Macbeth 287 A Scottish Clergyman's First Visit to a Theatre 293 HENRY IRVING. CHAPTER I. EARL V ASSOCIA TIOXS. OR the majority of readers the life of an eminent actor has an inexhaustible in- terest. He moves in an atmosphere of sentiment : he ranges over the whole gamut of his to the human passion ; from lowest note top of his compass he commands the ear of an enthusiastic public. His career is as interest- ing as that of a hero in a novel; nay more, for the most brilliant hero of fiction is after all a visionary being, while the actor may be seen in his habit as he lives, and his admirers may find a unique joy in the mixture of realism and imagina- tion presented by his embodiments. To many people the drama is so absorbing a passion that its most gifted exponents are exalted to pedestals a HENR\ IRVING. little bewildering to the prosaic critic, and are in- vested with all the virtues which in the exercise of their calling they have occasion to represent. The playgoers who assemble at a pit door some hours before the play begins, and who regard their favourite actor's autograph as a priceless acquisition, may not be endowed with the most perfectl}^ balanced judgment, but their instinct is none the less true because its ebullitions are untutored. Unless the actor has mastered the hearts of his public, it is needless for him to appeal to their heads. If he makes them laugh, it is well if makes some of it is ; he them weep, better. And though the drama does not fill so large a space in the lives of all as it does in those of its most ardent devotees, the w^orld has strong reason to be grateful to the artists whom the sovereign gift of imagination enables to illuminate the highest dramatic literature, and to preserve for us many of the precious illusions which keep the heart fresh and the memory green. To this privileged band belongs the subject of the present biography. Few actors in any age have excited the extraordinary interest which has followed every phase of Mr. Irving's career since he became famous. It is odd to look back to the FEBRUARY d, 1S38. time when some of the censors of the stage asked themselves who was this young man whose per- formances were surprising the London pubHc. He had played well in modern drama for a number of years. One or two acute observers like the late Charles Dickens and Mrs. Sartoris (Adelaide Kemble) had discerned in him the promise of a great future. But nobody dreamed that here was the man who was to revolutionise the modern school of tragic acting, to restore the poetic drama, and to make Shakespeare once more a vital force on the English stage, instead of a dim deity to whom managers occasionally sacrificed a great deal of money. So when Henry Irving began to create no small stir in the theatrical world, there were many who shrugged their shoulders, and said that it was another case of the rising rocket and the falling stick. They did not know, and it was impossible that they should know, that to remarkable talent, energy, and concentrated purpose, the young actor added a store of experience which made his success no mere passing blaze, but the solid triumph of a well-equipped mind. Somersetshireclaimsjohn Henry Brodribb Irving amongst its sons. He was born at Keinton, near Glastonbury, on February 6, 1838, a date which is HENR V IK VING. held in high honour in countless birthday books. Cornishmen are apt to declare that the tragedian to their and he comes belongs county ; certainly of Cornish stock, for both his father's and his mother's kindred, the Penberthys and the Be- hennas, have been well known in the country round St. Ives for generations. In Cornwall, too, the boy passed his early years, and showed the first germ of his mimetic faculty; and though he did not learn much from books, he learned a good deal from Nature. His mother died when he was still young, but his father watched his upward career with the minute care of parental pride, compiled a huge volume of newspaper extracts about his per- formances, and lived to see him at the head of his profession in the memorable year when he played Hamlet for the first time in London. At eleven years of age young Irving was placed at a school in George Yard, Lombard Street, under the care of Dr. Pinches. If the good Doctor could re-visit the of the he would glimpses moon,— find—probably with mixed feelings that he had been immortalised in what is now a very familiar anecdote. Irving astonished his schoolfellows by his dramatic capacity, and he still more astonished his master by proposing to recite Glassford Bell's A SCHOOLMASTER ALARMED.