TheThe RoadRoad toto Rio+20Rio+20 andand beyondbeyond SustainableSustainable developmentdevelopment :: AA blueprintblueprint forfor overcomingovercoming povertypoverty andand attainingattaining sustainablesustainable growthgrowth withwith equityequity XII ICP Maria Teresa Mesquita Pessôa Minister Plenipotentiary Mission of Brazil to the United Nations OVERVIEW:OVERVIEW: MILESTONESMILESTONES && KEYKEY DOCUMENTSDOCUMENTS 19721972:: UNEPUNEP establishedestablished byby GAGA resolutionresolution 29972997 (XXVII)(XXVII) 1980s1980s:: OzoneOzone treatiestreaties (Vienna(Vienna ConventionConvention && MontrealMontreal Protocol)Protocol) adopted,adopted, startstart implementationimplementation 19871987:: BrundtlandBrundtland CommissionCommission ReportReport ““OurOur CommonCommon FutureFuture””,, writtenwritten byby TheThe WorldWorld CommissionCommission onon EnvironmentEnvironment andand DevelopmentDevelopment 19921992:: UNCED,UNCED, RioRio Adopted:Adopted: RioRio DeclarationDeclaration onon EnvironmentEnvironment andand DevelopmentDevelopment;; AgendaAgenda 2121;; RioRio ConventionsConventions (UNFCCC,(UNFCCC, UNCBD,UNCBD, UNCCD)UNCCD) && GEFGEF establishedestablished CommissionCommission onon SustainableSustainable Development,Development, ECOSOC,ECOSOC, NYNY OVERVIEW:OVERVIEW: MILESTONESMILESTONES && KEYKEY DOCUMENTSDOCUMENTS 20022002:: WSSD,WSSD, JohannesburgJohannesburg:: adoptsadopts thethe JPOIJPOI 20052005:: WorldWorld Summit,Summit, paragraphparagraph 169169 (system(system widewide coherence,coherence, environment)environment) 20092009:: UNGAUNGA adoptsadopts ResolutionResolution 64/23664/236 :: RIO+20RIO+20 toto bebe heldheld inin 20122012 SustainableSustainable DevelopmentDevelopment ConceptConcept introducedintroduced byby thethe BruntlandBruntland Report:Report: intergenerationalintergenerational approachapproach AA goalgoal thatthat requiresrequires equilibriumequilibrium amongamong ““threethree pillarspillars””:: economic,economic, socialsocial andand environmentalenvironmental TheThe RioRio 19921992 Conference(UNConference(UNCED)CED) consolidatedconsolidated thethe conceptconcept UNCEDUNCED adoptedadopted aa setset ofof principlesprinciples onon thethe relationrelation betweenbetween environmentenvironment andand development:development: ““TheThe RioRio DeclarationDeclaration onon EnvironmentEnvironment andand DevelopmentDevelopment”” whichwhich remainremain centralcentral UNCEDUNCED alsoalso recognizedrecognized thatthat developingdeveloping countriescountries needneed toto receivereceive financialfinancial andand technologicaltechnological supportsupport inin orderorder toto achieveachieve sustainablesustainable developmentdevelopment AgendaAgenda 2121 AdoptedAdopted atat UNCEDUNCED inin 19921992 AnAn internationalinternational actionaction planplan toto bebe adoptedadopted globally,globally, nationallynationally andand locallylocally asas wellwell asas byby thethe UnitedUnited NationsNations system,system, governmentsgovernments andand civilcivil societysociety ItIt constitutesconstitutes aa comprehensivecomprehensive frameworkframework toto guideguide aa newnew developmentdevelopment patternpattern forfor thethe currentcurrent century,century, stronglystrongly rootedrooted onon thethe integrationintegration ofof thethe economic,economic, socialsocial andand environmentalenvironmental pillarspillars TheThe WorldWorld SummitSummit onon SustainableSustainable DevelopmentDevelopment The Johannesburg summit (2002) was convened with the goal of establishing a plan of implementation that would accelerate and strenghten the enforcement of the principles approved in Rio WSSD confirmed the diagnosis reached in 1992 and the difficulty of implementing UNCED’s recommendations It also revealed the increasingly close relations between the global trade, financial and environmental agendas The fact that the Summit was held after the IV World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference (Doha) and the United Nations Conference on Financing for Development (Monterrey) enabled that perception and allowed the three conferences to be viewed as important stages in the strenghtening of cooperation between States Rio+20Rio+20 In 2009 the UNGA decided, in Resolution 64/236 to hold a Conference on sustainable development in 2012, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil The conference will be instrumental in mobilizing the activism required to motivate the structural changes that are needed and to renew political commitment to sustainable development There is a need to engage UN agencies, national governments, civil society, stakeholders and the public in general in aa renewrenewed partnership for sustainable development To respond to the challenge of contributing to the structural transformations required, the new summit should focus on actions leading to an enabling environment for access to and transfer of technologies as well as financing for sustainable development Rio+20Rio+20 In recent years, the food and energy crises have had global impact. The international financial crisis threatened the stability of the world economic system In this context, the failure to integrate environmental, social and development priorities into global economic policies has reached its limits and has to be addressed as a matter of priority The role of the State as regulator has to be reasserted, thus reverting a tendency that may very well have been at the core of the failure to integrate environmental and social concerns into public policies in many parts of the world. The multiple crises we are facing offer the opportunity to make the case for sustainable development ever more compelling. Climate change requires wide mobilization and sustained awareness of the need to engage globally to enable the wide-scale adoption and integration of the sustainable development principles enshrined in Agenda 21; act within the UNFCCC intergovernmental process RIO+20RIO+20 ObjectivesObjectives :: 1. To renew political commitment to sustainable development 2. To review progress and gaps in the implementation of the outcomes of the major conferences on sustainable development 3. To identify new and emerging challanges: many relate to the sustainability of our Oceans Themes:Themes: 1. A green economy in the context of sustainable development and poverty eradication 2. The institutional framework for sustainable development BringingBringing OceansOceans intointo focusfocus inin RioRio 61%61% ofof thethe worldworld’’ss totaltotal economiceconomic outputoutput comescomes fromfrom areasareas withinwithin 100100 kilometerskilometers fromfrom thethe coastcoast MarineMarine tourism,tourism, marinemarine fisheries,fisheries, andand acquacultureacquaculture areare estimatedestimated toto provideprovide globalglobal economiceconomic benefitsbenefits worthworth $161$161 billion,billion, $80$80 billionbillion andand $57$57 billion,billion, respectivelyrespectively NumberNumber ofof peoplepeople whowho relyrely onon fisheriesfisheries forfor directdirect employment,employment, ofof whichwhich 87%87% areare inin AsiaAsia andand thethe Pacific:Pacific: 3838 millionmillion ProjectedProjected coastalcoastal populationpopulation byby 20252025 :: 66 billionbillion TheThe UNCLOSUNCLOS frameworkframework OCEANSOCEANS inin ChapterChapter 1717 ofof AGENDAAGENDA 2121 Integrated management and sustainable development of coastal areas, including exclusive economic zones; Marine environmental protection; Sustainable use and conservation of marine living resources of the high seas; Sustainable use and conservation of marine living resources under national jurisdiction; Addressing critical uncertainties for the management of the marine environment and climate change; Strengthening international, including regional, cooperation and coordination; Sustainable development of small islands. OCEANSOCEANS inin thethe JPOIJPOI ““EncourageEncourage thethe applicationapplication byby 20102010 ofof thethe ecosystemecosystem approachapproach”” ““BuildBuild capacitycapacity inin marinemarine science,science, informationinformation andand management,management, through,through, interinter alia,alia, promotingpromoting thethe useuse ofof environmentalenvironmental impactimpact assessmentsassessments andand environmentalenvironmental evaluationevaluation andand reportingreporting techniques,techniques, forfor projectsprojects oror activitiesactivities thatthat areare potentiallpotentiallyy harmfulharmful toto thethe coastalcoastal andand marinemarine environmentsenvironments andand theirtheir livingliving andand nonnon -- livingliving resources;resources; TheThe RegularRegular ProcessProcess ““EstablishEstablish byby 20042004 aa regularregular processprocess underunder thethe UnitedUnited NationsNations forfor globalglobal reportingreporting andand ssessmentssessment ofof thethe statestate ofof thethe marinemarine environment,environment, includingincluding sociosocio--economiceconomic aspects,aspects, bothboth currentcurrent andand foreseeable,foreseeable, buildingbuilding onon existingexisting regionalregional assessments;assessments;”” JPOIJPOI PersistingPersisting ChallengesChallenges OverfishingOverfishing isis thethe #1#1 challengechallenge toto thethe healthhealth ofof thethe marinemarine ecosystem;ecosystem; species,species, asas wellwell asas entireentire ecosystemsecosystems areare beingbeing lostlost TheThe exploitationexploitation byby distantdistant waterswaters fishingfishing fleetsfleets betweenbetween 1960s1960s andand 1990s1990s ofof WestWest AfricaAfrica’’ss fishfish