REPORT11 Housing Development & Management P S r h This re port is a com pi la tion of pa pers writ ten by o p ar chi tects, en gi neers and plan ners from Afri ca, e Shelter for the o l Asia and La tin Ameri ca, invol ved in housing and s t a ur ban de ve lopment with a fo cus on the ur ban e l s r poor. The pa pers pre sent pro jects for change and f f Urban Poor o impro ve ments within the frame of an inter-na tio - o r r nal training pro gramme of fered by Housing De ve- I m lop ment and Ma na ge ment (HDM) Lund Uni ver si - t p ty, car ried out in conjunc tion with the third h Proposals for Improvements – r e session of the World Urban Forum (WUF3). o v e In the year 2007 half of the world’s pop u la tion U Inspired by World Urban Forum III m is expected to live in ur ban areas. Ur ban areas are r e acknow ledged as centres of eco nomic, social and b n a cultural devel op ment, but at the same time ur - t s n baniza tion in much of the world leads to a precar - – P i ous ex is tence for the poor. Many ur ban poor live I n s in slums with un ac cept able shel ter con di tions, o p in suf fi cient wa ter and san i ta tion, poor so cial in fra - o i r e struc ture and haz ard ous en vi ron ments. r The papers included in this re port takes the d built en viron ment as a start ing point for dis cus - b y sions and pro pos als of how de cent shel ter and W sus tain able ur ban de vel op ment can con trib ute to o pov erty alle vi a tion, as a means to improve living r l condi tions for the ur ban poor. The au thors of the d papers are involv ed in housing as govern ment of - U r fi cials, in mu nic i pal i ties, in pri vate prac tice and b con sul tancy, at uni ver si ties and in Non-Gov ern - a n men tal Or gani sa tions. Com mon to these writ ers is F their strong commit ment to address the living o r condi tions of the ur ban poor, be it re lated to ur - u ban plan ning, ac cess to urban land, im prove- m ments of sanitation or the need for new policies. I I I Housing in South Africa Housing Development & Management Edited by ISBN 978-91-87866-29-6 Karin Grundström and Annette Wong Jere ISSN 1404-286X -11- -SE ISRN LUHDM-R- R11 Shelter for the Urban Poor Proposals for Improvements – Inspired by World Urban Forum III Keywords Cities Shelter Development Sustainability Housing Urban Poverty World Urban Forum HDM edited this report. The opinions expressed in the papers are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of HDM. Shelter for the Urban Poor Proposals for Improvements – Inspired by World Urban Forum III the authors and HDM © Layout: Jan-Anders Mattsson Proof reading: Lena Andersson Photos: Karin Grundström, Johnny Åstrand Cover photo: Karin Grundström ISBN 978-91-87866-29-6 ISSN 1404-286X ISRN LUHDM–R- -11- -SE Printed in Sweden, by Grahns Tryckeri AB, Lund, 2007 This report can be ordered from Housing Development & Management Lund University Box 118 Telephone: +46 46 222 97 61 SE-221 00 Lund Fax: +46 46 222 81 81 Sweden e-mail: [email protected] Homepage: http://www.hdm.lth.se Shelter for the Urban Poor Proposals for Improvements – Inspired by World Urban Forum III Edited by Karin Grundström and Annette Wong Jere Foreword The Setting: HDM/USDD/WUF3 This report is a compilation of papers written by architects, engineers and planners from Africa, Asia and Latin America, involved in housing and urban development with a focus on the urban poor. The papers present projects for change and improvements within the frame of an inter-national training programme offered by Housing Development and Management (HDM) Lund University, carried out in conjunction with the third session of the World Urban Forum (WUF3). In the year 2007 half of the world’s population is expected to live in urban areas. Urban areas are acknowledged as centres of economic, social and cultural development, but at the same time urbanization in much of the world leads to a precarious existence for the poor. Many urban poor live in slums with unacceptable shelter conditions, insufficient water and sanita- tion, poor social infrastructure and hazardous environments. The World Urban Forum was established to be a forum for different actors to raise issues about the challenges of urban development onto the international agenda. It is a biennial event organized by UN-Habitat and hosted by different countries. The third session of the World Urban Forum in 2006 was hosted by Canada and held in Vancouver. In conjunction with WUF3, HDM offered an advanced international training programme Urban Shelter Design and Development (USDD) for experienced professionals. The aim of the training programme was to support pro-poor housing and urban development and to contribute to institutional strengthening and capacity building. WUF3 provided an oppor- tunity to exchange and compare experiences and to find examples of good practices within sustainable urban development that could be used to address issues in the participants’ home countries. The professionals who participated were involved in housing as govern- ment officials, in municipalities, in private practice and consultancy, at universities and in Non-Governmental Organisations. Common to these writers is their strong commitment to address the living conditions of the urban poor, be it related to urban planning, access to urban land, improve- ment of sanitation or the need for new policies. Many institutions and individuals made the USDD/WUF3 experience possible. HDM acknowledges especially the Swedish International Cooperation Agency (Sida), for their financial support to this activity. We thank the Division for Urban Development for their continuous dialogue and contributions to the programme content. We also thank all the participants for their commitment and work in preparing this report and in the continued effort to improve living conditions for the urban poor. 6 Table of Contents Foreword The Setting: HDM/USDD/WUF3 5 Shelter for the Urban Poor – for Sustainable Development 9 Challenges to Sustainable Urban Development 10 Human Settlements Policy 11 World Urban Forum 13 Sustainable Cities – Turning Ideas into Action 13 Urban Shelter Design and Development – USDD 14 Programme Content and Structure 14 Shelter for the Urban Poor – Projects for Improvements 15 Projects in Urban Planning and Upgrading 15 Projects in Environment, Society and Financing 17 Projects in Governance and Policy 18 Voices on the USDD Experience 19 Networking 21 Influencing and Implementing Ideas 22 Ways Forward 23 Papers – Projects in Urban Planning and Upgrading 25 Towards Guided Urban Development in India 27 Rajesh Goel City Development Strategy in Vietnam 43 Nguyen Thi Hien Access to Land in Nepal, Low-Income Housing Development 57 Bhubaneswari Parajuli Urban Land for the Poor in El Salvador 73 Raquel Caballo Slum Upgrading in Guatemala 83 Sandra Drummond Going Formal in Egypt: A Way out for the Urban Poor 95 Land Titling versus Upgrading in Informal Settlements Mohamed Asar Need for Partnerships in Kenya, 111 Slum Upgrading Programme in Kibera, Nairobi Marion Rono Sustainable Neighbourhood Programme in Kenya 123 Appropriate Building Technologies and Beneficiary Participation Thiyagarajan Acharya Regularization of Informal Settlements in Tanzania 139 Michael Ole-Mungaya Railways and Resettlement in the Philippines 149 Alma Valenciano Post-Disaster Housing in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 165 Wiryono Raharjo Resettlement of Tsunami Victims in Sri Lanka 177 Nilanthi Ratnayake Papers – Projects in Environment, Society and Financing 187 Managing Urban Services in Bangladesh 189 Md. Sazzad Hossein Options for Sanitation in Malawi 205 Ivy Luhanga Resource Mobilization for Service Provision in Zambia 217 Towera Kazunga Housing Finance in Tanzania 227 Margaret Ezekiel Housing in Jordan, Imbalance in Supply and Demand 237 Nuha Salah The Beauty of Addis in Danger: Heritage and Redevelopment 245 in the Core of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Zelalem Berhane Caring for the Urban Poor of Kampala, Uganda 257 Allan K Birabi Heritage and Urban Shelter in Honduras 273 Housing Conditions in the Historical Centre of Comayagua Indira Alvarez Papers – Projects in Governance and Policy 281 The 1996 Zambian Housing Policy 283 Paul Makasa Human Settlements Policy in Bangladesh 295 Md. Mahabub Hassan Housing Policy in Palestine 305 Land Shortage and High Population Density in the Gaza Strip Allaaeldin Almasri A New Approach for Policy Development in Ecuador 315 Esthela Espinoza Sheltering the Urban Poor of Ethiopia 327 Tsion Lemma Mamaru The Role of Consultants in City Development, Venezuela 341 Silvia Soonets 8 Shelter for the Urban Poor – for Sustainable Development Living conditions for the urban poor must be improved to reach the goal of sustainable urban development. This report takes the built environment as a starting point for discussions and proposals of how decent shelter and sustainable urban development can contribute to poverty alleviation, as a means to improve living conditions for the urban poor. The authors of the papers gathered in this report see the problem from different perspectives, depending on their work and position, from policy makers at national level to urban planners and fieldworkers. The aim of the report is to show the strong commitment of these authors, who are architects, planners and engineers, and identify ways of how to improve the shelter situation in different parts of the world.