Tihei Oreore Monograph Series - INTERN REPORTS Tihei Oreore Monograph Series INTERN REPORTS Dec. 2005 - Volume 1, Issue 3 Dec. 2005 - Volume ISBN 1177-1860 ISBN 0-9582610-3-2 December 2005 - Volume 1, Issue 3 This monograph has been published by Ngā Pae o te Māramatanga The National Institute of Research Excellence for Māori Development and Advancement Contact details: Waipapa Marae Complex 16 Wynyard Street Private Bag 92019 The University of Auckland New Zealand www.maramatanga.ac.nz Explanation of Title: The title ‘Tihei Oreore’ heralds the awakening of indigenous peoples. This monograph provides a forum for the publication of some of their research and writings. ISSN 1177-1860 ISBN 0-9582610-3-2 © Ngā Pae o te Māramatanga holds copyright for this monograph while individual authors hold copyright for their own articles. This publication cannot be reproduced and sold for profit by others. NGĀ PAE O TE MĀRAMATANGA INTERN REPORTS Summer 2004—2005 Series Editor J.S. Te Rito Editors: Bruce Duffin, Phoebe Fletcher and Jan Sinclair Layout Design: Loes van der Laan Background on Ngā Pae o te Māramatanga Ngā Pae o te Māramatanga is one of seven Centres of Research Excellence that were funded by the New Zealand Government in 2002. It was established as The National Institute of Research Excellence for Māori Development and Advancement and is hosted by the University of Auckland. Its participating entities are spread throughout New Zealand. The Institute offers three distinct but intersecting programmes: Research, Capability Building and Knowledge Exchange. Whakataukī (Proverb) Ko te pae tawhiti arumia kia tata Seek to bring the distant horizon closer Ko te pae tata whakamaua But grasp the closer horizon Kia puta i te wheiao ki te aomārama So you may emerge from darkness into enlightenment The Māori name for the Institute means “horizons of insight”. This is symbolic of the role of the Institute in assembling a critical mass of excellent researchers to undertake high quality research that leads to practical outcomes which result in the development and advancement of Māori. Directors Professor Michael Walker and Professor Linda Tuhiwai Smith FOREWORD “Ka pū te ruha, ka hao te rangatahi” This proverb is about valuing our youth. Literally it means: once the old fishing net is worn, it is cast aside to make way for the new fishing net. In this case, the old net represents the older generations, while the new net represents the younger generations. The following reports are the work of Māori senior undergraduate through to masters level students from various tertiary institutes throughout Aotearoa (New Zealand). These are students who were awarded summer internships by Ngā Pae o te Māramatanga during the summer of 2004–2005. The purpose for providing these internships was as a step in putting these students on the pathway towards a career in research. The establishment of this monograph provides a forum for interns to undertake a small piece of research and to publish it. Although it is not a refereed journal, it does provide budding research students with the opportunity to gain more experience in the field of research and its publication. The reports provided here have had minimal editing and minimal input from the students’ supervisors. Therefore they should be read with this in mind. The whole exercise was also beneficial to the supervisors, in extending their experience of having a student researcher work alongside them. From the perspective of Ngā Pae o te Māramatanga, the summer internship programme also allows us to identify potential researchers for the future and to know their areas of interest. Many Māori researchers have returned to education in later life. Consequently, while the researchers who have contributed to this publication are all interns, they are not necessarily all youthful—although the majority here are. The contents of this monograph span a wide spectrum of subject areas. These reports stand as evidence of the capacity for research and critical analysis which is strengthening as numbers of Māori tertiary students continue to grow. Ngā Pae o te Māramatanga wishes to thank its 2004–2005 summer interns, and hopes that their new net spreads wide, and brings in a harvest that will benefit all in Aotearoa/New Zealand and indeed the wider world. Joe Te Rito Series Editor Table of Contents Ko ngā kohinga waiata tuhi ā Te Mākarini mō ngā whakataetae kapa haka ō Aotearoa 2002 Te Mākarini Tēmara _____________________________________________________________ 9 Unequal Treatment: a feasibility study of pain management in an emergency department Brendan Little _________________________________________________________________ 37 In terms of Māori-medium television programmes, are Government agencies meeting their objectives and fulfilling their responsibilities and commitments to the Treaty of Waitangi? Te Aroha Annalise Mane-Wheoki __________________________________________________ 61 Independent Investigative Journalism in Iwi Radio Malcolm Mulholland ____________________________________________________________ 81 Whakamomori Keri Newman _________________________________________________________________ 107 Kawakawa: a symbol encompassing the totality of life and death Dennis Ngāwhare-Pounamu _____________________________________________________ 125 Museums, Education and Māori, A review of selected museum education Mark Ormsby _________________________________________________________________ 149 A breakdown of the major conceptual issues and beyond Michelle Ormsby ______________________________________________________________ 173 A Self-imposed Subjugation Gene Pōtae ___________________________________________________________________ 197 Representations of Māori Health in the News Media Carey Robson _________________________________________________________________ 223 Creating Healthy and Sustainable Communities: formative evaluation of the Te Aka Matua mentoring programme in the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences Leon Takimoana ______________________________________________________________ 245 Kaupapa Māori Research, Theory and Frameworks in New Zealand Tertiary Education: a literature review Margaret Wilkie _______________________________________________________________ 269 Ko ngā kohinga waiata tuhi ā Te Mākarini mō ngā whakataetae kapa haka ō Aotearoa 2002 Te Mākarini Tēmara I roto i tēnei tuhingaroa, tuatahi ka āta whakatakotoria e au ētehi pūtoi kōrero, ētehi tuhinga whakaaro ā te hunga tuhi pukapuka aromātai kia hāngai ai ki tēnei kaupapa. I pēnei ai te whakaaro nā te mea ko te tino matū ia o ēnei kohinga kōrero, he aromātai ake i ngā whakaaro ā te hunga tuhi kōrero mo te waiata, tae noa he nao rapu atu i ētehi o ā rātau kōrero mo ētehi wāhanga mo te tito waiata. I tua atu i tērā, he whakamātau ake i te whakaaro meina e tika ana te pātai, “te tito waiata he tūturu he tikanga mātauranga Māori.” Ko te wherawhera hoki i te whakaaro mēnā i tohunga anō ō tātau tīpuna ki te tito waiata. Ko te hanga anō hoki i te kaupapa nei i runga i ngā huihuinga raupatu whenua o taku iwi ā Tūhoe hei hāpai i ngā whakaaro ō nāianei. He titiro hoki ki ngā tito waiata o te ao tawhito, ki ngā kaitito o ēnei rā, tae noa ki te hunga e ngākau nui ana ki ēnei mahi. I roto anō i tēnei wāhanga he pai tonu kia tirohia ko te waiata mai ko te tū ko te korikori. Ka huraina ake ētehi o ngā kōrero ā Royal mo te whare tapere ā te Māori. Ka rua ko te waihanga ake i ngā whakaaro mo te hanga kau ake i te ana whare tū kōrero1 e whai wāhi ai te aro ake me pēhea e tutuki ai tēnei kaupapa. Ka whai ahau i tāku i whakatakoto i te hui wānanga i tū ki Hopuhopu i te marama o Kohi-tātea 29 o tēnei tau. Inā koa he whakaata ake i te ana whare tū kōrero, kia riro ko ngā waiata i titohia mo ngā whakataetae kapa haka o te motu i te tau 2002 hei ana whare tū kōrero. Anei e whai ake nei: Te Ana Whare Tū Kōrero Ngā Tito Waiata • Whakaeke Hikinuku ki Ōrākau • Waiata tawhito Maungapōhatu • Poi Mīreirei • Waiata-ā-ringa Ka aha rā tō tātau reo • Haka taparahi Te Tirahou • Whakawātea Kua takoto te mānuka He whakatakoto ake i ngā kupu o ngā waiata me ōna whakamārama hei whakamahuta nui i te whakaaro, i tīkina ai ko ēnei waiata o te tau 2002 hei mahina māku e oti ai tēnei tuhinga roa. Hei 1 Te Ana Whare Tū Kōrero, Conceptual or Structural Frame Work – My interpretation. whakakapi2 ake i tēnei wāhanga ka tāpirihia atu he rīpene pouaka whakaata hei whakareia3 i tēnei kaupapa kia hāngai ai ki ngā kupu o te ana whare tū kōrero. Anei te ingoa e whai ake: Ngā Whakataetae Kapa Haka O Aotearoa 2002, Te Rōpū o Ruatāhuna. Ko te tuatoru he whakahoki anō i te pātai e kī ana, “Te tito waiata he tikanga he tūturu mātauranga Māori.” Ko te tino pūtake o te hoki anō ki tēnei kōrero, he hoki i runga i te whakaaro mēnā he whai hua anō ngā kohina waiata ā Te Mākarini. Inā koa, mēnā he māramatanga, he mātauranga anō kei roto i ēnei waiata. Ākene kāre kau noa iho. He tāpiri kau ake i ngā kaitito waiata ō nāianei tae noa o te ōnamata. He whakamātau hoki i tēnei kia hāngai ai te tō atu i ngā whakaaro ki te tuhingaroa paerua4 whakamutunga e oti ai tēnei kaupapa. He āta titiro i tōna hanga. TE TINANA O TE KAUPAPA Ngā Pūtoi Rapunga Kōrero5 Kei roto i te tuhinga whakapae ā Royal e takoto mai ana ngā kōrero mo te ahunga mai o te whare tapere. Huhua ana whakaaro hōhonu kua wetewetehia e Royal mō te whare tapere. I tangohia mai e ia mai i ngā kōrero ā Te Peehi arā ā Best, tae noa ki a Marsden, arā ā Māori Marsden, nāna nei i tuhi ētehi kōrero mo te mātauranga Māori. He maha noa atu ngā kōrero ā Royal i tīkina atu e ia hei whakairo hāere i te kaupapa mo te whare tapere. Mai i ēnei i runga ake nei ki roto mai i tōna whānau, i tōna hapū i tōna iwi hoki i rapua e ia te kōrero.