A GRAMMATICAL SKETCH OF MÒKPÈ (BAKWERI), Title BANTU A20 Author(s) ATINDOGBE, Gratien African study monographs. Supplementary issue (2013), 45: 1- Citation 163 Issue Date 2013-02 URL https://doi.org/10.14989/171629 Right Type Journal Article Textversion publisher Kyoto University To Katiana Ines Clémentine CONTENTS FOREWORD ................................................................................................................. 1 PREFACE ...................................................................................................................... 2 I. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... 5 1. Location of Mokpe Speakers ............................................................................ 6 2. Mokpe and the Surrounding Languages ........................................................... 7 II. PHONOLOGY ..................................................................................................... 8 1. Consonants ........................................................................................................ 8 2. Vowels ............................................................................................................ 10 3. Tones ............................................................................................................... 11 1. Lexical tones ................................................................................................ 11 2. Grammatical tones ....................................................................................... 11 4. Realization of Segments ................................................................................. 13 1. Consonants .................................................................................................. 13 2. Vowels ......................................................................................................... 14 5. Syllable Structure ............................................................................................ 14 6. Phonological Rules ......................................................................................... 15 1. Deletion rules ............................................................................................... 15 2. Epenthetic rules ........................................................................................... 17 3. Feature changing rules ................................................................................. 17 7. Tonal Rules ..................................................................................................... 18 1. Tone deletion ............................................................................................... 18 2. Tone copy .................................................................................................... 19 3. Tone simplification ...................................................................................... 19 4. Meeussen’s Rule (H-tone lowering) ............................................................ 20 8. The Alphabet ................................................................................................... 21 1. Consonantsː illustration ............................................................................... 22 2. Vowelsː illustration .................................................................................... 23 3. Tonesː illustration ........................................................................................ 23 4. Summary: the alphabet proper ..................................................................... 24 5. Rules of orthography ................................................................................... 25 6. The Mokpe alphabets................................................................................... 26 III. MORPHOLOGY: THE NOUN AND THE NOUN PHRASE .......................... 27 1. Nouns .............................................................................................................. 27 1. Nouns of class 1 and class 2 ........................................................................ 28 2. Nouns of class 3 and class 4 ........................................................................ 28 3. Nouns of class 5 and class 6 ........................................................................ 29 4. Nouns of class 7 and class 8 ........................................................................ 30 5. Nouns of class 9 and class10 ....................................................................... 31 6. Nouns of class 14 ......................................................................................... 33 7. Nouns of class 19 ......................................................................................... 34 8. Summary of the morpho-phonological rules ............................................... 35 9. Summary of the paired classes .................................................................... 36 10. Paired classes and meanings in Mokpe ....................................................... 37 11. Verbal nouns ................................................................................................ 38 12. Locative nouns ............................................................................................. 38 13. Abstract nouns ............................................................................................. 39 14. Mass concept ............................................................................................... 39 15. Nominal derivations .................................................................................... 39 16. Compound nouns ......................................................................................... 41 17. Nominal loans .............................................................................................. 42 18. Marking syntactic relationship: agreement.................................................. 43 19. The Nominal Prefixes of Mokpe, Urbantu and Protobantu ......................... 44 2. The Noun Phrase ............................................................................................. 44 1. Qualifying the noun: adjectives ................................................................... 44 2. Connexive .................................................................................................... 47 3. Apposition ................................................................................................... 47 4. Nominal possession or associative constructions ........................................ 48 5. Numerals ...................................................................................................... 50 6. Pronouns ...................................................................................................... 55 7. Prepositions and prepositional phrases ........................................................ 66 IV. THE VERB AND THE VERB PHRASE .......................................................... 68 1. Verbal Inflection ............................................................................................. 68 1. The isolated and infinitive forms ................................................................. 68 2. The verbal root templates ............................................................................ 70 3. The tonal groups of the verbs ...................................................................... 70 4. Compound verbs .......................................................................................... 72 5. The subject and object (independent) pronouns .......................................... 72 6. The indicative mood .................................................................................... 75 7. The Imperative form .................................................................................... 84 8. The Hortative/Optative mood ...................................................................... 86 9. Subjunctive mood ........................................................................................ 87 10. Conditional mood ........................................................................................ 90 11. Infinitive phrases ......................................................................................... 96 12. Gerund ......................................................................................................... 97 2. Verbal Derivation ........................................................................................... 97 1. Applicative/Benefactive .............................................................................. 97 2. Comitative / Associative .............................................................................. 98 3. Associative reciprocal.................................................................................. 99 4. Causative ................................................................................................... 100 5. Reflexive verbs .......................................................................................... 101 6. Relationship ............................................................................................... 102 7. Process through predicate past participle .................................................. 103 8. Neutro-passive ........................................................................................... 104 9. Morpheme stacking ..................................................................................