OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER Theory, Research and Treatment Edited by Ross G. Menzies School of Behavioural and Community Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Australia and Padmal de Silva Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College, University of London, UK P1: MRM/IKJ P2: MRM/IKJ QC: MRM/ABE T1: MRM WU038-FM WU038/Menzies January 7, 2003 10:39 Char Count= 0 OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER i P1: MRM/IKJ P2: MRM/IKJ QC: MRM/ABE T1: MRM WU038-FM WU038/Menzies January 7, 2003 10:39 Char Count= 0 The Wiley Series in CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY Ross G. Menzies Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: and Padmal de Silva (Editors) Theory, Research and Treatment David Kingdon The Case Study Guide to Cognitive Behaviour and Douglas Turkington Therapy of Psychosis (Editors) Hermine L. Graham, Substance Misuse in Psychosis: Approaches to Alex Copello, Treatment and Service Delivery Max J. Birchwood and Kim T. Mueser (Editors) Jenny A. Petrak The Trauma of Sexual Assault: Treatment, and Barbara Hedge (Editors) Prevention and Practice Gordon J.G. Asmundson, Health Anxiety: Clinical and Research Steven Taylor Perspectives on Hypochondriasis and and Brian J. Cox (Editors) Related Conditions Kees van Heeringen Understanding Suicidal Behaviour: (Editor) The Suicidal Process Approach to Research, Treatment and Prevention Craig A. White Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Chronic Medical Problems: A Guide to Assessment and Treatment in Practice Steven Taylor Understanding and Treating Panic Disorder: Cognitive-Behavioural Approaches Alan Carr Family Therapy: Concepts, Process and Practice Max Birchwood, Early Intervention in Psychosis: David Fowler A Guide to Concepts, Evidence and and Chris Jackson (Editors) Interventions Dominic H. Lam, Cognitive Therapy for Bipolar Disorder: Steven H. Jones, A Therapist’s Guide to Concepts, Methods Peter Hayward and Practice and Jenifer A. Bright Titles published under the series editorship of: J. Mark G. Williams School of Psychology, University of Wales, Bangor, UK Peter Salmon Psychology of Medicine and Surgery: A Guide for Psychologists, Counsellors, Nurses and Doctors A list of earlier titles in the series follows the index. ii P1: MRM/IKJ P2: MRM/IKJ QC: MRM/ABE T1: MRM WU038-FM WU038/Menzies January 7, 2003 10:39 Char Count= 0 OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER Theory, Research and Treatment Edited by Ross G. Menzies School of Behavioural and Community Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Australia and Padmal de Silva Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College, University of London, UK iii P1: MRM/IKJ P2: MRM/IKJ QC: MRM/ABE T1: MRM WU038-FM WU038/Menzies January 7, 2003 10:39 Char Count= 0 Copyright C 2003 John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England Telephone (+44) 1243 779777 Chapter 18 by Roz Shafran C 2001 Blackwell Publishing Email (for orders and customer service enquiries): [email protected] Visit our Home Page on www.wileyeurope.com or www.wiley.com All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except under the terms of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP, UK, without the permission in writing of the Publisher. Requests to the Publisher should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England, or emailed to [email protected], or faxed to (+44) 1243 770620. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold on the understanding that the Publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. Other Wiley Editorial Offices John Wiley & Sons Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA Jossey-Bass, 989 Market Street, San Francisco, CA 94103-1741, USA Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, Boschstr. 12, D-69469 Weinheim, Germany John Wiley & Sons Australia Ltd, 33 Park Road, Milton, Queensland 4064, Australia John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd, 2 Clementi Loop #02-01, Jin Xing Distripark, Singapore 129809 John Wiley & Sons Canada Ltd, 22 Worcester Road, Etobicoke, Ontario, Canada M9W 1L1 Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Obsessive-compulsive disorder : theory, research, and treatment / edited by Ross G. Menzies and Padmal de Silva. p. cm.—(The Wiley series in clinical psychology) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-471-49444-5 (hbk. : alk. paper)—ISBN 0-471-49445-3 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Obsessive-compulsive disorder. I. Menzies, Ross G. II. De Silva, Padmal. III. Series. RC533 .O2745 2003 616.85227–dc21 2002033137 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 0-471-49444-5 (hbk) ISBN 0-471-49445-3 (pbk) Typeset in 10/12pt Palatino by TechBooks, New Delhi, India Printed and bound in Great Britain by TJ International, Padstow, Cornwall This book is printed on acid-free paper responsibly manufactured from sustainable forestry in which at least two trees are planted for each one used for paper production. iv P1: MRM/IKJ P2: MRM/IKJ QC: MRM/ABE T1: MRM WU038-FM WU038/Menzies January 7, 2003 10:39 Char Count= 0 For Margot and Rachel (RGM), Vasantha, Vin and Hesha (PdeS) v P1: MRM/IKJ P2: MRM/IKJ QC: MRM/ABE T1: MRM WU038-FM WU038/Menzies January 7, 2003 10:39 Char Count= 0 vi P1: MRM/IKJ P2: MRM/IKJ QC: MRM/ABE T1: MRM WU038-FM WU038/Menzies January 7, 2003 10:39 Char Count= 0 CONTENTS About the Editors ........................................... xi List of Contributors ........................................... xiii Preface ........................................... xv Acknowledgements ........................................... xxi Section I The Nature of OCD Chapter 1 The Classification and Diagnosis ofOCD ................................. 3 Annette Krochmalik and Ross G. Menzies Chapter 2 The Phenomenology of OCD .......... 21 Padmal de Silva Section II Theoretical Accounts of OCD Chapter 3 Neuropsychological Models of OCD .................................... 39 Ian Frampton Chapter 4 Cognitive-behavioural Theory of OCD 59 Paul M. Salkovskis and Joy McGuire Chapter 5 Repetitive and Iterative Thinking in Psychopathology: Anxiety-inducing Consequences and a Mood-As-Input Mechanism ............................. 79 Graham C.L. Davey, Andy P. Field and Helen M. Startup Chapter 6 Personality and Individual Differences inOCD ................................. 101 Alison M. Macdonald vii P1: MRM/IKJ P2: MRM/IKJ QC: MRM/ABE T1: MRM WU038-FM WU038/Menzies January 7, 2003 10:39 Char Count= 0 viii CONTENTS Section III Clinical Presentations and Subtypes of OCD Chapter 7 Obsessive-compulsive Washing ....... 121 Mairwen K. Jones and Annette Krochmalik Chapter 8 Compulsive Checking ................. 139 Stanley Rachman Chapter 9 Compulsive Hoarding ................. 163 Randy O. Frost and Tamara L. Hartl Chapter 10 Primary Obsessional Slowness ........ 181 Stanley Rachman Chapter 11 Obsessions, Ruminations and Covert Compulsions ........................... 195 Padmal de Silva Chapter 12 Atypical Presentations ................. 209 Danielle Einstein and Ross G. Menzies Chapter 13 The Obsessive-compulsive Spectrum and Body Dysmophic Disorder ....... 221 David Veale Section IV Approaches to Assessment and Treatment in OCD Chapter 14 Assessment Procedures ................ 239 Tamsen St. Clare Chapter 15 Exposure and Response Prevention forOCD ................................ 259 Michael Kyrios Chapter 16 Cognitive Therapy for OCD ........... 275 Melanie Marks Chapter 17 Pharmacological and Neurosurgical Treatment of OCD . .................... 291 Michael McDonough Chapter 18 OCD in Children and Adolescents .... 311 Roz Shafran Chapter 19 The Management of Treatment-resistant Cases and other Difficult Clients ...... 321 Michael Bruch and Antonio Prioglio P1: MRM/IKJ P2: MRM/IKJ QC: MRM/ABE T1: MRM WU038-FM WU038/Menzies January 7, 2003 10:39 Char Count= 0 CONTENTS ix Section V Professional Issues Chapter 20 Training, Resources and Service Provision ............................... 349 Lynne M. Harris and Ross G. Menzies References ........................................... 361 Author Index ........................................... 409 Subject Index ........................................... 427 P1: MRM/IKJ P2: MRM/IKJ QC: MRM/ABE T1: MRM WU038-FM WU038/Menzies January 7, 2003 10:39 Char Count= 0 x P1: MRM/IKJ P2: MRM/IKJ QC: MRM/ABE T1: MRM WU038-FM WU038/Menzies January 7, 2003 10:39 Char Count= 0 ABOUT THE EDITORS Ross G. Menzies, a clinical psychologist, is Associate Professor and Head of the School of Behavioural and Community Health Sciences at the University of Sydney. He is also Head of Sydney University’s Anxiety Dis- orders Clinic and Anxiety and Stress Research Group. He was a founding member of the Anxiety Disorders Foundation of Australia (NSW Branch), serving on the Board of the Association for 2 years. He is the past National President, and current NSW President, of the Australian Association for Cognitive Behaviour Therapy. Professor Menzies holds several other