The IAS Gazette A House Journal of APTI PLUS DECEMBER 2020 APTI PLUS Academy For Civil Services Pvt. Ltd. Eastern India’s Best IAS Academy since 2006 ST EDITION An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Institute 31 Creating Civil Servants for the Nation ONE NATION ONE ELECTION TROPICAL CYCLONE INDIA-ASEAN SUMMIT: ENHANCING TIES DECEMBER 2020 The IAS Gazette A House Journal of APTI PLUS Sources The Hindu | The Indian Express CONTENTS Live mint | The Economic Times PIB | PRS | ET Government & World Reports GS-I 1-25 (NITI Aayog, Budget, WEF Economic Survey etc.) BIRSA MUNDA 1 Hindu Business Line | NCERTs SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL 2 All standard reference books WARLI PANTING 3 HEAD OFFICE & KOLKATA CAMPUS GANGA UTSAV 2020& NMCG 4 Office no. 803, “AMP Mall Vaisaakkhi” MAULANA ABUL KALAM AZAD 8 8th floor, Salt Lake Sector – II, GURU TEG BAHADUR 8 Salt Lake City - AG 112, Kolkata-700091 HOYSALA EMPIRE 10 Ph: +91-8820341777 VISHNU TEMPLE AND GANDHARA CIVILIZATION 10 BHUBANESHWAR CAMPUS MONOLITH 11 Plot No. 2280, Biju Pattanaik TROPICAL CYCLONES 13 College Road,Jaydev Vihar, ENSO & MJO 20 Bhubaneswar, Odisha-751013 Phone: 099383 86166 NATIONAL MONSOON MISSION 24 LUHRI STAGE-I HYDRO ELECTRIC PROJECT 24 ELGIN ROAD Elgin Chambers, 3rd Floor, Room No. 302, GS-II 26-64 1A, Ashutosh Mukherjee Road, Kolkata-20 ONE NATION ONE ELECTION 26 mail: [email protected], ELECTORAL BONDS 27 Ph: (033)-40645777, +91-8100765577 OFFICE OF PROFIT 28 MAHAJAN COMMISSION 30 E-mail [email protected] ARTICLE 32 31 [email protected] MEDIA REGULATION 32 Website: http://www.aptiplus.in CONTEMPT OF COURT 33 SECTION 294 OF THE IPC 35 FCRA RULES 36 LEGISLATION ON ‘FREEDOM OF RELIGION’ 37 SC & ST (PREVENTION OF ATROCITIES) ACT 38 SVANIDHI SCHEME FOR STREET VENDORS 39 SC ORDER ON CONFESSIONS IN NARCOTICS CASES 41 SARNA RELIGIOUS CODE 42 NEW WAGE CODE BONUS PROVISIONS 44 ‘GLARING GAPS’ IN TOBACCO CONTROL LAWS 46 ONLINE EDUCATION WOES 49 Arise, awake and stop not till the goal is reached. - Swami Vivekananda DECEMBER 2020 The IAS Gazette A House Journal of APTI PLUS CONTENTS GS-II 26-64 GS-IV 103-107 INDIA - AFGHANISTAN RELATIONS 50 FOOD ADULTERATION: THE DEATH OF INDIA-BHUTAN RELATIONS 52 BUSINESS ETHICS 103 INDIA-KAZAKHSTAN TIES 53 SHORT NEWS ARTICLES 108-130 12TH BRICS SUMMIT 54 GILGIT-BALTISTAN 56 KARTARPUR SAHIB 108 INDIA, ASEAN SUMMIT 58 STATUE OF PEACE 108 75 YEARS OF UNITED NATIONS 60 LACHIT BORPHUKAN 108 15TH EAST ASIA SUMMIT 2020 63 AVADHANAM 108 CHHOTU RAM 109 GS-III 65-102 MANSAR LAKE 109 FISCAL DEFICIT REACHES 120% 65 GILGIT-BALTISTAN 109 CORPORATE OWNERSHIP OF BANKS 66 AEGEAN SEA 110 TECHNICAL RECESSION 67 CHAR-CHAPORIS 110 INDIA OPTING OUT OF RCEP 70 ETHIOPIA’S TIGRAY REGION 110 PRODUCTION-LINKED INCENTIVE SCHEME 72 NAGORNO-KARABAKH 111 GST COMPENSATION 73 TRISTAN DE CUNHA 111 AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS 75 KATCHALL ISLAND 111 RADIO BURST 76 PANGDA VILLAGE 112 ARIEL 77 SHAHTOOT DAM 112 BULK DRUG PARK 78 SAFFRON BOWL 112 DEEP OCEAN MISSION 79 MOUNT LLI LEWOTOLOK 112 THIRTY METER TELESCOPE 81 MOTOR VEHICLE AGGREGATOR GUIDELINES 112 DESALINATION PLANT 81 FOOD SAFETY AND STANDARDS (IMPORT) AMENDMENT REGULATIONS, 2020 113 INDIGEN PROJECT 82 SHASHI SHEKHAR VEMPATI COMMITTEE 114 AQUAPONICS 83 STAR CAMPAIGNER 114 M DWARF STAR 84 WWF WATER RISK FILTER REPORT 115 SHUKRAYAAN-1 85 COVID-19 LIMITED COUPLES' ACCESS TO SENTINEL-6 SATELLITE 87 CONTRACEPTIVES: UNAIDS 115 CHANG'E-5 LUNAR PROBE 87 WHO STRATEGY TO ELIMINATE CERVICAL CANCER 116 IRNSS 88 BODY MASS INDEX OF INDIAN 19-YEAR-OLDS AWARDS FOR TIGER CONSERVATION 90 AMONG LOWEST 116 ANAKKAYAM SMALL HYDRO ELECTRIC PROJECT 91 IN 200 COUNTRIES SERB – POWER (PROMOTING OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN IN VULTURE ACTION PLAN 92 EXPLORATORY RESEARCH) 117 PANNA BIOSPHERE RESERVE 93 RECIPROCAL ACCESS AGREEMENT (RAA) 118 IMAC 95 REGIONAL COMPREHENSIVE SIMBEX 95 ECONOMIC PARTNERSHIP (RCEP) 118 MICROWAVE WEAPONS 96 SICHUAN-TIBET RAILWAY 119 INS VAGIR 96 UN ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON ADMINISTRATIVE ENHANCED PINAKA ROCKET 98 AND BUDGETARY QUESTIONS (ACABQ) 120 MISSION SAGAR-II 99 HONEY FPOS PROGRAMME 120 SEA GUARDIAN DRONES FROM US 99 INDEX OF EIGHT CORE INDUSTRIES 121 LAND-ATTACK VERSION OF BRAHMOS MISSILE 100 LIBRA 122 GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON CRYPTOCURRENCY 101 COMPRESSED BIO GAS (CBG) PLANT IN KARNATAKA 122 MISSION PURVODAYA 123 PM-FME SCHEME 123 DECEMBER 2020 The IAS Gazette A House Journal of APTI PLUS CONTENTS SHORT NEWS ARTICLES 108-130 TINNITUS 123 SWARNAJAYANTI FELLOWSHIP 124 GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME 124 PARAM SIDDHI-AI AND MIHIR 124 DRY SWAB-DIRECT RT-PCR METHOD 124 CHAPARE VIRUS 125 DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY 125 INDIA CLIMATE CHANGE KNOWLEDGE PORTAL 125 NEW SPECIES OF BURROWING FROG 125 NEW SPECIES OF GECKO FOUND 126 RORIDOMYCES PHYLLOSTACHYDIS 126 INTERNATIONAL CHERRY BLOSSOM FESTIVAL 126 DESALINATION PLANTS 127 INDIA’S FIRST GREEN ENERGY CONVERGENCE PROJECT 127 NEW SPECIES OF VINE SNAKES DISCOVERED 127 MASSIVE MARINE PROTECTION ZONE 127 RAMSAR SITES 128 SITMEX 129 ARMY AVIATION CORPS 130 QRSAM 130 MCQs 131-136 P a g e | 1 GS-I MODERN HISTORY Context Birth anniversary of Birsa Munda. About Birsa Munda was an Indian tribal freedom fighter, reformer and religious leader. He was nicknamed as „Dharti Abba‟ or Father of the Earth, by his followers. Contribution Religion Renounced Christianity and protested against conversion of Tribals by Christian missionaries. Created a new religion called “Birsait”, which worshipped only one god. Birsait soon became the popular religion among the Mundas and Oraons. Preached a strong anti-British sentiment through his religion. Reformer Stressed on the need of the tribals to study their own religion and not forget their cultural roots. Convinced people to give up superstition, alcohol, theft, lying, murder and begging under his new religion. Munda Rebellion Background Munda tribals practiced Khuntkatti system (joint holding by tribal lineages). However, British colonial system intensified the transformation of the tribal agrarian system into a feudal state by introducing Zamindari-tenancy system. Outsiders (Dikus) were invited by the Brtitish to settle on and cultivate the tribal land. Thus, the various tribes, who were the original owners of the land, were left bereft of land and any means of livelihood. 'Ulgulan' or the 'Great Tumult' (1899-1900) Birsa infused in tribals the values to love, respect, support and safeguard their land from outsiders. He used traditional symbols and language to rouse people, urging them to destroy “Ravana” (dikus and the Europeans) and establish a kingdom under his leadership. He mobilised thousands of tribal folk to form guerrilla armies to attack the British Raj. He declared that the reign of Queen Victoria was over and the Munda Raj had begun. He gave orders to the raiyats (tenant farmers) to pay no rents. The people attacked police stations and churches, and raided the property of moneylenders and zamindars. They raised the white flag as a symbol of Birsa Raj. The attacks were launched not only on the moneylender-landlord-mahajan-contractor combine, but directly against the British. The massacre at Dumbri Hill made it a “hill of the dead” when hundreds of tribals lost their lives for the cause of freedom against the modern ammunition of the British. The Great Tumult against Britishers sought to establish Munda Raj and independence. The slogan of the movement was “Abua Raj ete jana, Maharani Raj Tundu Jana” which means “Let the kingdom of queen be ended and our kingdom established”. Outcome The Britishers were forced to abolish the feudal system that plagued the Adivasi lands in Jharkhand and Bihar. Birsa compelled the Britishers to introduce new legislation - the Chota Nagpur Tenancy Act, 1908. This Act prohibited the transfer of tribal land to non-tribal parties. Government recognized Khuntkatti rights and banned Beth Begari (forced labour) Significance Birsa Munda’s political awareness and ability to connect with people became the foundation of later tribal movements in the nineteenth century. He became a symbol of the anti-feudal, anti-colonial struggle of that time. His influential personality and motivational speeches encouraged the public to believe in the power of freedom. His revolutionary work not only put an effective dent in the British rule, it also helped mobilise tribals. It is due to him and many other such activists and tribals in today‟s India get inspired to protect their rights. P a g e | 2 The Munda people initially spread from Southeast Asia some 4000–3500 years ago, but mixed extensively with local Indian populations. This ethnic group predominantly speaks the Mundari language as their native language, which belongs to Austroasiatic languages. The Munda are found in the northern areas of east India concentrated in the states of Jharkhand, Bihar, Odisha and West Bengal. The Munda also reside in adjacent areas of Chhattisgarh as well as in portions of Bangladesh. They are one of India's largest scheduled tribes. Munda people in Tripura are also known as Mura. GS-I MODERN HISTORY Context On 31st October, National Unity Day (Rashtriya Ekta Diwas) was celebrated to commemorate the birth anniversary of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel. About Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel was an Indian barrister, politician and one of the leading figures of Indian freedom movement. He worked very closely with Mahatma Gandhi and was deeply influenced by Gandhi's ideology and principles. Contribution Indian National Movement- Overview Patel was actively involved in the Non-Cooperation, Satyagraha and Quit India movements and was at various points arrested by the British. When Gandhi was imprisoned in 1923, he led and organized the Satyagraha movement in Nagpur. He was elected as the President of the Indian National Congress during the 1931 Karachi session, at which the Congress passed the historic Karachi Resolution. He organised the peasants of Kheda, Borsad, and Bardoli in Gujarat in non-violent civil disobedience against oppressive policies imposed by the British Raj.