After the Tsunami Human Rights of Vulnerable Populations

After the Tsunami Human Rights of Vulnerable Populations

AFTER THE TSUNAMI HUMAN RIGHTS OF VULNERABLE POPULATIONS OCTOBER 2005 HUMAN RIGHTS CENTER UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY EAST-WEST CENTER TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 5 Methodology ................................................................................................................ 6 Principal Findings .......................................................................................................6 Limitations of Study ................................................................................................... 7 Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................... 7 Background ................................................................................................................................... 9 Observations Regarding Natural Disasters and Human Rights Vulnerabilities ...9 Normative Human Rights Framework Applicable to Natural Disasters .............10 Country Reports .......................................................................................................................... 12 INDIA ........................................................................................................................................ 13 I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 13 Effects of the Tsunami .............................................................................................. 13 Methodology .............................................................................................................. 13 Background ............................................................................................................... 14 II. FINDINGS ....................................................................................................................... 15 Inequity and Discrimination in Aid Distribution ...................................................16 Housing and Access to Basic Services ..................................................................... 18 Restoration of Livelihoods ....................................................................................... 20 Women ....................................................................................................................... 21 Children ..................................................................................................................... 22 The Role of NGOs ..................................................................................................... 23 III. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................................... 24 INDONESIA ................................................................................................................................ 27 I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 27 Methodology .............................................................................................................. 27 II. PRE-EXISTING HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS ...................................................................... 29 III. ACEH AFTER THE TSUNAMI—NEW HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS ....................................... 30 Rescue and Relief Phase ........................................................................................... 31 Lack of Coordination and of Swift and Appropriate Response ........................... 32 Mixed Response to the Military’s Involvement ......................................................32 Discrimination and Rampant Corruption .............................................................. 34 Resettlement and Reconstruction ............................................................................35 Increasing Problems in Coordination and Continuing Unresponsiveness .......... 35 Increasing Security-Related Problems ....................................................................37 Corruption and Lack of Public Participation ........................................................ 38 IV. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................................... 40 HUMAN RIGHTS OF VULNERABLE POPULATIONS i MALDIVES ................................................................................................................................ 43 I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 43 A Tropical Paradise with Problems ......................................................................... 43 Effects of the Tsunami .............................................................................................. 43 Methodology .............................................................................................................. 44 II. BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................ 44 Human Rights in the Maldives ................................................................................ 44 A Human Rights Framework for Tsunami Response ............................................46 III. GOVERNMENT RESPONSE ................................................................................................ 46 IV. HUMAN RIGHTS ISSUES AFTER THE TSUNAMI ................................................................... 47 Community Participation .........................................................................................48 The Safe Islands Concept as a Human Rights Issue ..............................................50 Protection of Women and Children .........................................................................51 The Overall Human Rights Situation ..................................................................... 52 Livelihoods ................................................................................................................. 52 Nongovernmental Organizations and International Aid....................................... 53 The Drug Abuse Problem .........................................................................................53 V. C ONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................................... 54 SRI LANKA ...............................................................................................................................57 I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 57 Effects of the Tsunami .............................................................................................. 57 Methodology .............................................................................................................. 57 Sites of the Fieldwork ............................................................................................... 58 II. BACKGROUND AND HISTORY ........................................................................................... 59 Political Confl ict ........................................................................................................59 Human Rights In Sri Lanka—A Legacy of Violations .......................................... 61 III. FINDINGS ....................................................................................................................... 61 Disempowerment of the IDPs and Camp Life ........................................................61 Maldistribution of Aid and Questions of Corruption ............................................63 Permanent Housing and Rebuilding ....................................................................... 63 Livelihoods ................................................................................................................. 65 Protection of Women and Children .........................................................................66 Effects of the Years of War .......................................................................................68 Psychosocial Assistance ............................................................................................ 68 Nongovernmental Organizations .............................................................................69 IV. GOVERNMENT RESPONSE ................................................................................................ 69 V. A REAS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH, MONITORING, AND TRAINING ........................................... 71 VI. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................................... 71 THAILAND ................................................................................................................................. 75 I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 75 Methodology .............................................................................................................. 75 II. OVERVIEW ..................................................................................................................... 75 III. FINDINGS ......................................................................................................................

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