University of New Hampshire University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository Doctoral Dissertations Student Scholarship Winter 1985 THE EVANGELICAL NEW LIGHT CLERGY OF NORTHERN NEW ENGLAND, 1741-1755: A TYPOLOGY (GREAT AWAKENING, MAINE, NEW HAMPSHIRE, REVIVAL) LAURA BRODERICK RICARD University of New Hampshire, Durham Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation Recommended Citation RICARD, LAURA BRODERICK, "THE EVANGELICAL NEW LIGHT CLERGY OF NORTHERN NEW ENGLAND, 1741-1755: A TYPOLOGY (GREAT AWAKENING, MAINE, NEW HAMPSHIRE, REVIVAL)" (1985). Doctoral Dissertations. 1471. https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/1471 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 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Other____________________________________________ University Microfilms International a THE EVANGELICAL NEW LIGHT CLERGY OF NORTHERN NEW ENGLAND, 1741-1755: A TYPOLOGY BY LAURA BRODERICK RICARD B.A. Muskingum College, 1971 M.A. Case Western Reserve University, 1972 A DISSERTATION Submitted to the University of New Hampshire in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History December, 1985 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED © 1985 Laura Broderick Ricard This dissertation has been examined and approved. C&j, Dissertation Director, Professor of HistorA^ Charles E. Clark [istory, Darrett B. Rutman Florida Professor of History, Harry S. Stout University of Connecticut I -_______ Associate Professor of Hi T Marc Schwarz Professor of History, Robert M. Mennel Professor of History, Donald J. Wilcox v & a A . / 1, (I fr.S I Date For Robert M Ricard iv TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION............................................ iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS..................................... vi ABSTRACT............................................... ix CHAPTER PAGE INTRODUCTION............................................. 1 I. THE APPRENTICE EVANGELIST....................... 24 II. JONATHAN EDWARDS'S THOUGHTS ON RADICALISM 54 III. CONVERSION AND THE NEW LIGHT....................122 IV. SANCTIFICATION AND THE NEW LIGHT............... 164 V. THE MODERATE ENCOUNTER WITH GOD................ 193 VI. WORKERS TOGETHER WITH GOD....................... 225 VII. THE GREAT AWAKENING.............................. 27 3 VIII. CONCLUSION ..................................312 REFERENCE NOTES..........................................324 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY...................................371 v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This dissertation was originally conceived as an intellectual biography of the Rev. Daniel Rogers. My advisor, Charles E. Clark, immediately saw the limitations of such an undertaking, and, recommending that I attempt something more challenging, suggested a typology of the northern New England New Light ministry. Not only do I owe the conception of this project to Dr. Clark; he has read the entire manuscript twice and reviewed several chapters three times. Lengthy and incisive editorial suggestions that followed each of his readings were invariably accompanied by kind words and encouragement. To him I also offer heartfelt thanks for successful efforts to provide desperately needed financial support. Even before he informed me by international call that a University of New Hampshire dissertation fellowship was available, Dr. Clark had recommended me to the Dean and personally saw to it that other faculty members submitted their recommendations as well. "And whoever shall ask you to go one mile, go with him two." Dr. Clark has indeed gone the second mile. I never had the opportunity to take a seminar from Dr. Clark. From Darrett B. Rutman however, I took two, and to him I owe not only whatever discipline is manifested in this dissertation, but any playfulness that is apparent as well. Dr. Rutman is master of the art of coaxing good vi writing from unsure students. He was among the very best of my teachers and he continues to be an inspiration. I wish to thank other members of my committee as well. My graduate school experience was an unusually happy one due to the limitless patience with which Donald 0. Wilcox guided me through the rigors of Renaissance and Reformation scholarship and the judiciousness with which Marc Schwarz tailored my readings in Tudor-Stuart history to add to my understanding of English Puritanism. Robert M. Mennel graciously accommodated my interest in twentieth-century American religious history by an apposite reading list. I wish also to thank Harry S. Stout, of the Department of History at the University of Connecticut. His scholarship on the Great Awakening provides the standard of excellence to which I aspire. To Ray Leblanc I am grateful for the hours in which, with inexhaustible patience, he revealed the mysteries of computer processors. This dissertation was conceptualized, researched, and written during the first four years of my daughter's life. As any parent knows, it is foolhardy to attempt to focus on an involved project for an extended period of time when a small child is about. Interruptions, though delightful, are frequent. I determined to write before my household arose and remember many a pale winter dawn in a drafty farmhouse on the St. John River when I sat before a woodstove to keep warm and labored until I heard the sound of tiny feet on the vii staircase. I wrote the bulk of this disjointedly, during Sarah's nap times and in the grey hours of the morning; I hope it does not read disjointedly. At times I despaired of ever finishing it, but my family encouraged me. Thanks is not enough to offer the following people: my parents, Kenneth and Audrey Broderick, for their persevering love and oft-expressed support; my sister and brother-in-law, Lynne and John Byler, for their unflagging loyalty and interest; my brother and sister-in-law, Paul and Cynthia Broderick, for their devotion and encouragement. Finally, to my husband, Robert M. Ricard, I owe the greatest debt of gratitude. Our daughter had the audacity to be born one day before my oral examination. As a consequence, Bob delayed his own doctoral program for one year to permit me to research the Maine and New Hampshire clergy, and assumed a variety of odd jobs to supplement the small income from my assistantship. Accompanying me to repositories across five states, while I pored over manuscripts he spent countless hours with our new baby. In the midst of a particularly cold and snowy New England winter, he changed her diapers in our