CEBUANO Sinulog Festival 2012 Flickr / mendhak DLIFLC DEFENSE LANGUAGE INSTITUTE FOREIGN LANGUAGE CENTER 2018 CULTURAL ORIENTATION | Cebuano TABLE OF CONTENT Profile Introduction ................................................................................................................... 5 Geography and Climate .............................................................................................. 6 Major Cities ................................................................................................................... 6 Cebu City ..............................................................................................................6 Lapu-Lapu City ....................................................................................................7 Toledo City ............................................................................................................7 Major Rivers .................................................................................................................. 8 Butuanon River ....................................................................................................8 Guadalupe River ..................................................................................................8 Plants and Wildlife ....................................................................................................... 9 History ............................................................................................................................ 9 The Spanish Colonial Era ..................................................................................9 American Colony ...............................................................................................10 Independence ..............................................................................................................11 Philippines Today ............................................................................................... 11 Economy ......................................................................................................................12 Government .................................................................................................................13 Media ............................................................................................................................14 Ethnic Profile ................................................................................................................14 Cebuano .............................................................................................................15 Moros ...................................................................................................................15 Endnotes for Chapter 1: Profile ................................................................................16 Assessment ................................................................................................................ 20 Religion Introduction ................................................................................................................. 21 Role of Government and Religion ........................................................................... 22 Religious Tolerance .................................................................................................. 23 Religious History ........................................................................................................ 24 Influence of Religion on Daily Life .......................................................................... 25 Religious Holidays ..................................................................................................... 27 Sinulog .................................................................................................................27 Easter...................................................................................................................27 All Saints Day and All Souls Day ....................................................................28 Christmas ............................................................................................................28 Places of Worship ...................................................................................................... 29 Basilica del Santo Nino .....................................................................................29 2 CULTURAL ORIENTATION | Cebuano Behavior in Places of Worship.........................................................................29 Endnotes for Chapter 2: Religion .............................................................................31 Assessment ................................................................................................................ 34 Traditions Introduction ................................................................................................................. 35 Greetings .................................................................................................................... 36 Hospitality .................................................................................................................. 37 Gift Giving ................................................................................................................... 37 Dress Code ................................................................................................................. 38 Cuisine ......................................................................................................................... 38 Social Events .............................................................................................................. 39 Social Dynamics ........................................................................................................ 40 Gender Issues ............................................................................................................ 42 The Arts ....................................................................................................................... 42 Non-religious Holidays ............................................................................................. 43 Dos and Don’ts ........................................................................................................... 44 Dos .......................................................................................................................44 Don’ts ...................................................................................................................44 Endnotes for Chapter 3: Traditions ......................................................................... 45 Assessment ................................................................................................................ 48 Urban Life Introduction ................................................................................................................. 49 Living Conditions ....................................................................................................... 50 Employment Issues ....................................................................................................51 Higher Education ....................................................................................................... 52 Commerce .................................................................................................................. 53 Transportation ............................................................................................................ 53 Health Issues .............................................................................................................. 54 Crime ........................................................................................................................... 55 Terrorism ..................................................................................................................... 57 Endnotes for Chapter 4: Urban Life ........................................................................ 58 Assessment .................................................................................................................61 Rural Life Introduction ................................................................................................................. 62 Rural Women and Families ..................................................................................... 63 Health and Healthcare ............................................................................................. 63 3 CULTURAL ORIENTATION | Cebuano Education .................................................................................................................... 65 Rural Economy ........................................................................................................... 65 Rural Transportation .................................................................................................. 66 Checkpoints ................................................................................................................ 67 Landmines .................................................................................................................. 67 Other Hazards ............................................................................................................ 68 Endnotes for Chapter 5: Rural Life ......................................................................... 70 Assessment 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