Public Disclosure Authorized MINISTRY OF SANITATION AND WATER RESOURCES (MSWR) Public Disclosure Authorized GAMA SANITATION AND WATER PROJECT (ADDITIONAL FINANCING) Public Disclosure Authorized FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK (ESMF) JUNE 2020 Public Disclosure Authorized i Contents LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................................................... vi LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................... vi LIST OF ACRONYMS ................................................................................................................ vii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................ x 1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Rationale for the Additional Financing ................................................................................. 1 1.3 Principles and Objectives of the ESMF for the GAMA AF Project ..................................... 3 1.4 Approach and Methodology to the ESMF ............................................................................ 4 1.4.1 Desk Review of Baseline Information ............................................................................... 4 1.4.2 Stakeholder Consultation ................................................................................................... 4 2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION ........................................................................................................ 5 2.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 5 2.2. The AF Project Components ................................................................................................ 5 2.3 Subprojects activity implementation ..................................................................................... 6 2.4. Geographical coverage of the AF Project ............................................................................ 7 3. LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT ............................................................................................................................ 8 3.0 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 8 3. 1: National Policy Frameworks ............................................................................................... 8 3.1.1: Ghana’s Environmental Policy ......................................................................................... 8 3.1.2 National Water Policy ........................................................................................................ 8 3.1.3 Environmental Sanitation Policy (2010) ............................................................................ 9 3.1.4 National Health Policy (2007).......................................................................................... 10 3.1.5 Riparian Buffer Zone Policy, 2011 .................................................................................. 10 3. 1.6 National Urban Policy Framework and Action Plan, 2012 ............................................. 11 3.1.7 The Poverty Reduction Strategy of Ghana ....................................................................... 11 3.2 Legal and Regulatory Frameworks ..................................................................................... 11 3.2.1 Water Resources Commission Act 1996, Act 522 ........................................................... 11 3.2.2 The Environmental Protection Agency Act 1994 (Act 490) ............................................ 12 ii 3.2.3 Environmental Assessment Regulations, 1999 (LI 1652) and Procedures ...................... 12 3.2.4 EA (Amendment) Regulations, 2002 ............................................................................... 12 3.2.5 Local Government Act, 1993 (Act 462) ........................................................................... 12 3.2.6 Labour Act 651, 2003....................................................................................................... 13 3.2.7 Workmen’s Compensation Law, 1987, PNDCL 187 ....................................................... 13 3.3 Institutional Framework ...................................................................................................... 13 3.3.1 Ministry of Sanitation and Water Resources.................................................................... 13 3.3.2 Ministry of Works and Housing (MWH) ......................................................................... 14 3.3.3 Ministry of Environment, Science, Technology and Innovation ..................................... 14 3.3.4 Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development .................................................. 15 3.3.5 Ministry of Finance .......................................................................................................... 15 3.3.6 Ministry of Roads and Highways ..................................................................................... 16 4. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF THE PROJECT AREA ....................................................................................................................................................... 18 4.1 Description of Project Location and Environmental and Socio-Economic Conditions ...... 18 The Greater Accra Metropolitan Area (GAMA) ................................................................... 18 Greater Kumasi Metropolitan Area (GKMA) ....................................................................... 23 Sanitation Infrastructure ........................................................................................................ 26 5. POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS OF THE PROPOSED AF PROJECT ...................................................................................................................................... 29 5.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 29 5.2 Positive Environmental and Social Impacts of the GAMA AF Project .............................. 30 5.3. Potentially Adverse Environmental and Social Impacts of the Project .............................. 31 5.3.4 Bio-digester systems and digested sludge processing ...................................................... 34 5.7 Environmental and Social (E&S) Implementation Performance ........................................ 38 5.8.Templates of Environmental and Social Impacts ................................................................ 38 6. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL AND IMPACTS MITIGATION OF THE GAMA AF PROJECT ...................................................................................................................................... 47 6.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 47 6.2 Labour Influx....................................................................................................................... 65 6.3 Gender Based Violence ....................................................................................................... 66 6.4 GBV Risk Management Mechanisms ................................................................................. 68 7. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK ............................. 70 iii 7.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 70 7.2 Environmental and Social Screening Process ......................................................................... 70 7.3 Environmental and Social Assessment Procedures to be followed by GAMA AF Project .... 71 7.4 An Outline of EPA Environmental Assessment Regulations LI 1652, 1999 Procedures ...... 72 7.5 Procedures to be followed by the GAMA AF safeguards implementation units (PCU, GWCL and MMAs) ................................................................................................................................... 74 8. THE ESMF IMPLEMENTATION AND MANAGEMENT .................................................. 82 8.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 82 8.2 Capacity Building for ESMF Implementation .................................................................... 82 8.3 Institutional Arrangements for the Implementation of the ESMF ...................................... 86 8.4 Roles and Responsibilities for Implementation of the ESMF (focused on PCU) ............... 87 8.5 Grievance Redress Mechanism ........................................................................................... 90 Registration/ Receipts/Acknowledging of Complaints ......................................................... 93 Verifying the Redress Action ................................................................................................ 94 Court or Judicial Redress ......................................................................................................