D W LAN ARFA OR RE F S E T R U T D N IE E S C CLAWS VI N CT IO OR VIS Y THROUGH CLAWS JOURNAL Journal of the Centre for Land Warfare Studies Distributed by: KNOWLEDGE WORLD KW Publishers Pvt Ltd New Delhi CLAWS Journal CENTRE FOR LAND WARFARE STUDIES New Delhi Editorial Committee Director Lt Gen (Dr) Vijay Kumar Ahluwalia (Retd), Centre for Land Warfare Studies Editor-in-Chief Gautam Sen, Distinguished Visiting Fellow, Centre for Land Warfare Studies Managing Editor Dr Amrita Jash Associate Fellow, Centre for Land Warfare Studies Copy Editor Ms Rehana Mishra CLAWS Journal is published by the Centre for Land Warfare Studies (CLAWS), New Delhi. CLAWS is an independent think-tank dealing with national security and conceptual aspects of land warfare, including conventional and sub-conventional conflict and terrorism. CLAWS conducts research that is futuristic in outlook and policy oriented in approach. For submission of articles, commentaries, review articles and book reviews, please see “Notes for Contributors” given at the end of the Journal. Subscription Rates India: Rs 500 (Single Issue) SAARC Countries: US $15 (Single Issue) All Other Countries: US $20 (Single Issue) The contents of this Journal are based on the analysis of materials accessed from open and public sources and are the personal views of the author. The contents, therefore, may not be quoted or cited as representing the views or policy of the Government of India, the Integrated Headquarters of MoD (Army), and/or the Centre for Land Warfare Studies. Mailing address Managing Editor, CLAWS Journal Centre for Land Warfare Studies RPSO Complex, Parade Road New Delhi 110010, India. Tele: +91-11-25691308, Fax: +91-11-25692347 Email: [email protected] / [email protected] Website: http://www.claws.in CLAWS Army No. 33098 © Centre for Land Warfare Studies, New Delhi. All rights reserved. Distributed by: Kalpana Shukla KW Publishers Pvt Ltd 4676/21, First Floor, Ansari Road Daryaganj, New Delhi, 110002. Email: [email protected] Website: www.kwpub.com ISSN 2319 – 5177 Contents Note from the Editor v Opinion 1. India’s Armed Forces’ Contribution to Nation Building 1 V P Malik 2. India’s National Defence-2024 and Beyond 9 Deepak Kapoor Articles 3. Imperatives of Transformation: Changing Character of Conflict in the Emerging World Order 21 V K Ahluwalia 4. Transformation of the Indian Army in the New World Order 44 P M Hariz 5. Modernisation and Transformation in the Armed Forces 66 Anuraag Singh Rawat 6. ‘Jointness’ in the Armed Forces: An Assessment 77 P K Chakravorty 7. India and its Air Power: Transformational Challenges 86 Anil Chopra 8. Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) and the Road to Self-Reliance in Defence: A Perspective 100 Sushil Chander CONTENTS 9. An Overview of Indian Defence Industry: A Transformative Perspective 123 S P Das 10. Chinese Defence Reforms and Lessons for India 138 D S Rana 11. Has Pakistan’s Military Doctrine Transformed? 166 Jyoti M Pathania Commentaries 12. Pakistan’s Relations with China and the US: Increasing Misgivings on all Sides 180 Gurmeet Kanwal 13. China’s Long Range Bombers a Strategic Challenge to the Region 185 Narender Kumar 14. “Intelligence in a Data-driven Age by Cortney Weinbaum and John N.T. Shanahan” 194 Ranjan Prabhu Book Reviews Israeli National Security: A New Start for an Era of Change 200 Puneet Doval Hacking the Bomb: Cyber Threats and Nuclear Weapons 205 Rajeev Sabherwal Notes for Contributors 209 iv CLAWS Journal l Summer 2019 Note from the Editor Transformation is a process that shapes the changing nature of military competition and cooperation through new combinations of concepts, capabilities, people and organisations. This exploits the nation’s advantage and protects against asymmetric vulnerabilities to sustain its strategic position, which therein helps to underpin peace and stability in the world. Transformation anticipates and creates the future and deals with the co- evolution of concepts, processes, organisation and technology. The Indian armed forces, as an important element of national power, need to remain in consonance with our national aspirations and, thus, have to transform transactional means and be ready to face future challenges. Hence, transformation would entail transactional methodology to include a change in the mindset/thought process, review of doctrines, strategy, war-fighting concept, organisational structures, human resource optimisation, training methodology and logistics concepts to meet the operational challenges of the future. The present CLAWS Journal has been composed with a variety of articles, opinion pieces, commentaries and book reviews to theoretically understand why the Indian Army Chief has initiated four major studies for the transformation of the Indian Army into a “more agile fighting force” to face current and emerging threats and challenges. The Indian Army is, hence, looking to implement transformational leadership to achieve the stated goals and objectives through transactional management. The purpose of management as understood is the attainment of organisational goals in an effective and efficient manner through “planning, organising, staffing, directing, and controlling organisational resources”. Managers seek stability in an organised environment in order to control the organisation’s bottom line. The motivation for management is power and CLAWS Journal l Summer 2019 v NOTE FROM THE EDITOR profit which, in the case, of the Indian Army is to transform to a more agile fighting force. Transformational leadership is different because it is “an influence of relationships among leaders and followers who intend real changes and outcomes that reflect their shared purposes”. The contributors have addressed a bouquet of issues, starting with the contribution of the armed forces in nation building, imperatives of transformation, conceptualising jointness and other key issues. In essence, this issue of the Journal is a topical assemblage of key perspectives significant for the Indian armed forces in the current times. This makes it a veritable and timely read for researchers, academics, policy-makers and practitioners in India as well as abroad. Gautam Sen Editor-in-Chief CLAWS Journal vi CLAWS Journal l Summer 2019 Centre for Land Warfare Studies (CLAWS) Membership Details The Centre for Land Warfare Studies (CLAWS), New Delhi is an independent think-tank dealing with national security and conceptual aspects of land warfare, including conventional, sub-conventional conflict and terrorism. CLAWS conducts research that is futuristic in outlook and policy oriented in approach. The vision of the CLAWS is to develop a ‘strategic culture’ to bring about synergy in decision making both at national and operational levels. Since its inception, CLAWS has established itself as one of the leading ‘think tanks’ in the country. To achieve its vision, CLAWS conducts seminars (at Delhi and with commands), round table discussions and meetings with academia and intellectuals of strategic community both from India and abroad. CLAWS also comes out with a number of publications pertaining to national and regional security and various issues of land warfare. Members are invited to all CLAWS seminars/round table discussions (details regarding impending events are communicated to all members through e–mail. Information also available on our website, http://claws.in). For the benefit of members, who cannot attend various events, reports are forwarded through e-mail. Members are sent copies of the bi-annual CLAWS Journal & Scholar Warrior, occasional (Manekshaw) Papers and given membership of the CLAWS Library. From January 1, 2020, certain occasional papers would be made available to the members digitally only. All members can also order CLAWS sponsored/commissioned books at special discount of 25% from the cover price. Eligibility: • Individual Life Membership: All serving and retired officers of the Armed Forces. • Individual Annual Membership: All serving and retired officers of the Armed Forces. • Institutional Membership: All formations, units and establishments of the Armed Forces. Membership Fee: Individuals: • Life Membership – Rs 8000/- (20% discount for YOs – First year of service) Annual Membership – Rs 1,500/- Formations/Units and Establishments • Institutional Membership for 5 years - Rs 10,000/- Membership Forms are appended below. For membership, please make all payments in favour of Centre for Land Warfare Studies, payable in New Delhi. To The Director Passport Size Centre for Land Warfare Studies (CLAWS) Photograph RPSO Complex, Parade Road for Individual Delhi Cantt, New Delhi –110010 Member Institutional Membership Rs 10,000/- Individual Life Rs 8,000/- Individual Annual Rs 1,500/- Sir, I would like to apply for Membership of the Centre for Land Warfare Studies. I understand that my membership is subject to the approval of the Director. If approved, I will respect and follow the rules and regulations of the CLAWS (as amended from time to time). Name of Institution/Individual (Service No) .......................................................... Address: .................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ Parent Arm/Service ...............................................................................................