INDEX Adams , Walter , 105 orientation of cathedrals , 77 Agamemnon , 154 and solar cycle , 74 Agriculture Arcturus , position of , 102 and astronomy , 67 , 71 Argo , 177, 178 and heliacal rising of Sirius , 91 Argus , 148 Mayan , 71 Aristarch us of Samos , 47 , 77 , 78 Al Sufi , observation of Sirius by , 96 Aristotle , 47 Alberta Arizona , supernova record in , 37 effigy figure of Plains Indians in , 6 Astrolabe , 50 , 51 . See alJ .o Instruments medicine wheels in , 16 , 17 , 18 Astronomers Aldebaran ancient American , 65 Bighorn observation of , 12- 14 Maya , 85 Moose Mountain observation of , 21 - megalithic , 132 22 , 23 New World , 79 position of , 102 Old World , 86 Algol , 144, 145 tropical , 68 , 69 " blinking of ," 145, 148- 149 Astronomy light -curve for , 146 and agriculture , 67 , 71 Allen , Richard , 145 Greek use of , 78 - 79 Aimage.lt, 98 , 99 naked - eye , 61 - 89 Amellus , 172 New World , 39 - 59 American continent , early migration speculation associated with , 1 to , 4 . See also New World of Teotihuacanos , 72 Anasazi , 4 , 5 . See also Indians , Astrophysics , 93 American Atkinson , R . .J. C ., 125 Andronicus , 48 , 49 Atlantis m },th , as archaic language , Antikythera mechanism , 51- 52 , 53 161 - 188 Apollonius , 45 , 46 Atlas , 163 , 169 Arabs , observations of Sirius by , 99 Aubrey , john , 127 Arapaho , 9 Aubrey Holes , 127, 131. Seea[j'o Aratus , observation of Sirius by , 96 Stonehenge Archaeoastronomy , 1 Autumnal equinox , 157 function of , 94 Aztecs , and Pleiades , 73 myth in , 151 New World , 56 Babylonians Archaeology, 25 , 26 observations of Sirius by , 91 , 93 , 96 Archaeology , speculation associated zodiac of . 88 with , 1 Bain , James , 31 Architecture . See also Temples Baja California , supernova record in , and celestial observation , 69 - 72 37 200 INDEX Ballochroy , megalithic sightlines at, Chaldeans 129 eclipse cycle of , 79- 80 Bayer , johann , 92 zodiac of , 86 Bayeux tapestry , 35 Cheyenne , medicine lodges of , 9, 10 Beltane festival , 129 Chichen Itza , Yucatan , Mexico , round Bessel , Friedrich , 103 towers at , 55 , 56 , 85 Bighorn . medicine wheel , 7- 14 Chilam Balam of Kaua , calendar from , Binary star systems 74 Algol , 145 Chinese Dogon 's understanding of , 110 astronomical myths of , 91 Sirius , 95 Crab Nebula explosion recorded by , Britain . See also Stonehenge 26 Bronze Age in , 63 eleventh -century astronomy of , 28 megalithic astronomers of , 84 lunar zodiac of , 4 Bronze Age observations of Sirius by , 91 , 93 astronomy during , 2 Chronology , ancient , 62 in Britain , 63 Cicero Burl , Aubrey , 132 on memory , 133 description of Sirius by , 96 , 97- 98 Circle , quartered , 76 Caesar , Julius , 161, 185 , 186 Clark , Aivan , 103 , 104 Cahokia mounds , 5 Clocks . See al .~o Sundials Calendars Egyptian sundial , 41 antikythera mechanism , 51- 52 , 53 Mesoamerican , 58 from Chilam Balam of Kaua , 74 .shadow , 42 , 43 Greek shadow , 43 waterclock , 49 Maya , 2, 71- 72 Clock face , anaphoric , 48 and priests , 63 Coe , Michael , 3 California Codex Bodley , 56 , 57 rock art of , 31 Codices , 2 . 65 supernova record in , 37 Dresden Codex , 2 , 3 , 79 , 80 - 83 , 84 , Canada , medicine wheels in , 16 , 17 , 85 29 Maya , 79 Canopus Mixtec , 57 district of , 173 , 174 Paris Codex , 87 town of , 175 Columba (constellation ) , 92 Canopus (star ), 174, 176 Composition , technique of , 153 Capella Conic sections , 45 , 47 Moose !\fountain observation of , 23 Constellations . See also Zodiac observation at Oaxaca , 69 eastward slippage of , 156- 157 Caput Medusae , 143, 149 of southern sky , 177- 179 Caracol , 56 , 85 successive equinoctial , 160 Cathedrals , astronomical orientation Copan , I Ionduras of , 77 astronomical baseline at , 70 - 71 Celestial equator , 157 . See also Zodiac Temple of god Venus at , 71 Ceremony , and calendrics , 72 . Copper Age , 169 Cerro de la Estrella , 73 Corona do , Francisco Vazquez de , 5 Chaco Canyon National Park , 32- 35 , Cosmology 36 Atlantis myth as, 187 INDEX 201 Cosmology (continued ) Egyptians and culture transfer , 111 - 112 ancient astronomy of , 2 Dogon 's, 106- 109 cosmology of , 164 , 173 Egyptian , 164, 173 and Golden r.. lean , 94 New World , 80 shadow clock , 42 , 43 Crab Nebula observations of Sirius by , 96 , 97 Fern Cave observation of , 29 sundial , 41 , 42 , 43 as key to modern physics , 93 zodiac of , 175 images representing , 26 Einstein , Albert , 105 Critia .s, 161 , 162 El worthy , F . T . , 147 Crossed sticks Empusa , 147 as symbol , 67 Engineering god , 165 , 182 use of , 66 Equinox es , 65 Crow , 9 autumnal , 157 Culture transfer , 111 - 112 vernal , 156 , 157 , 160 Cuttlefish , in Greek myth , 138 Eratosthenes , 47 CUlCO, cylindrical towers at , 65 , 66 Eudoxus of Knidos , 46 , 47 , 48 , 158 Cyclops , 148 Evil eye , legend of , 147 - 148 Eye - Goddesses , 148 Daressy , Georges , 175 Fern cave , 29 , 30 - 32 Day -cur \'es, on sundial , 45 , 46 , 47 Deities Fibonacci series , 94 Egyptian , 168 Forbis , Dick , 16 eye-goddesses , 148 Fort Smith , medicine wheel at , 16 , 17 Greek , 135 - 143 France , ancient astronomy in , 2 ~faya , 85 Gajdusek , Carleton , III Deucalian flood , 169 , 184 Galileo , 114 Dieterlen , Germaine , 106 , 109 , 110 Diffusionists , 89 Geometry , Greek system of , 77 - 78 Digitaria (Sirius B), 106 Gibbon , Edward , 187 Gifford , 147 Direction , sacred , 71 Dog Star . See Sirius Glyphs , 2 . See also Petroglyphs Dogon , 106 as calendars , 75 cosmology of , 107- 109 Gnomon , 68 . See al \'o Sundials Gnomonics , 47 and culture transfer , 111 - 113 Don Quixote, 133 Golden Age , 159 , 165 , 168 , 170 , 171 , 177 Doric temple , 187 Golden t \ fean , 94 Double solar alignment at Alta Vista / EI Chapin , 72- 76 Goodricke , John , Jr . , 145 , 149 Gorgons , 137 , 140 Dresden Codex , 2 , 3 , 79 , 80 - 85 Greeks lunar tables in , 84 Atlantis myth , 161 - 188 Venus table in , 85 cosmology of , 173 Druids , 185 and Golden t \ fean , 94 naked - eye astronomy of , 77 Eclipse cycle , in Dresden Codex , 79- 80 Perseus myth , 135 - 143 Eclipses , prediction of , 89 Griaule , t \ farcel , 106 , 109 , 110 Ecliptic , 157 Guatemala , ancient astronomy in , 2 Eddington , Arthur , 105 Gum Nebula , 25 202 INDEX Halley , Edmund , 102 Iron Age , 165 , 169 Hamlet 's Mill , 191 Ishango bone , 39 - 41 Hawkins , Gerald , 127 , 131 , 153 Ishtar , 148 Heel Stone , 118 , 125 , 126 , 127 . See also Stonehenge jai Singh , stone obser \'ations of , 131 Hercules , pillars of , 168 japanese , Crab Nebula explosion Herodotus , 161 recorded by , 26 Heron , 48 Hertz sprung -Russell diagram , 101 Kehoe , Alice , 16 , 19 , 23 - 24 Hesiod , 97 - 98 , 168 Kehoe , Tom , 16 , 19 , 23 - 24 Hevelius , Jan , 144 , 178 Kelley , Charles , 74 Hipparchus , 98 , 149, 155, 188 Kennedy , Muriel , 26 , 30 History and astrophysics , 93 Kepler , Johannes , 114 Hohokam , 5 Kings , Athens ' prehistoric , 169 Homer , description of Sirius by , 97- 98 Kintraw , megalithic sightlines at , 129 Homeric epic , 153- 154 Kleito , 181 Honduras , Copan , 70- 72 Kronos , 165 , 167 , 168 , 176 , 182 Hopi , 63 Ktesibios , 48 sun -watching scheme of , 65 lforace , description of Sirius by , 96 , Lamia , 147 97 - 98 Landscape Horizon phenomena , naked -eye , 155 and celestial observation , 69 - 72 " lloroscopic instrument ," 49 , 51 and solar cycle , 74 Hour - lines , 45 , 46 , 47 Language Hoyle , Fred , 131 of archaic astronomy , 153 - 188 mythological , 159 Ideas , transoceanic migration of , 89 Lilith , 147 , 148 Incas , sun -watching scheme of , 65 , 66 Lindenblad , I . W ., III Indians , lunar zodiac of , 4 Lucretius , 185 Indians , American . See also Maya Anasazi , 4 , 5 r..Iain sequence , on II -R diagram , 100 Arapaho , 9 I\ Iars , moons of , 113 Aztecs , 73 I Marshack , Alexander , 39 , 40 Cheyenne , 9, 10 May Day sunset , 129 Crow , 9 \ Maya Hopi , 63 , 65 astronomy of , 2 Incas , 65 , 66 celendrics of , 72 Mixtec , 56 , 57 Dresden Codex of , 3 Navajo , 63 , 65 eclipse cycle of , 80 plains , 4- 24 lunar table of , 84 Shoshone , 9 lunar zodiac of , 4 Sioux , 9 observation towers of , 85 Instruments , in ancient astronomy solar observatory of , 63 , 64 , 65 antikythera mechanism , 51- 52 , 53 temple of god Venus at Copan , 71 astrolabe , 47 - 51 Venus studies of , 55 Ishango bone , 39- 41 view of universe , 80 - 83 shadow clocks , 41 - 47 zodiac of , 87 towers , 54 - 56 Medicine lodge , of Cheyenne Indians , waterclock , 48 , 49 9 , 10 INDEX 203 Medicine wheels New Mexico , supernova record in , 37 Bighorn , 7- 14 New World Bighorn vs. Moose Mountain , 22 archaeoastronomy of , 56 locations of , 14- 16 astronomy in , 39 - 59 near Medicine Hat , Alberta , 18 early migration to , 4 Moose Mountain , 19 , 20 - 21 naked - eye astronomy in , 62 in Rocky r..fountain National Park , sun - watching schemes in , 65 Colorado , 17 zodiac of , 86 turtle -shaped , 19 Noble , joseph , 48, 50 Medusa , 136 , 147 Numerology , 79 Memory , 133 , 134 of Atlantis myth , 179 Mesoamericans . See also r..faya astronomy of , 2- 4 Oaxaca , structure P at Monte Alban , celestial observations of . 69 68 Mesopotamia , astronomical myths of , Octopus , and Greek myth , 138 - 141 91 Old World , naked - eye astronomy in , Meton (Greek astronomer ), 47 61 Metonic cycle , 52 , 53 , 63 Olmecs , 4 Mexico Onocentaur , 147 ancient astronomy in , 2 Oral tradition , 133 petroglyphs in , 75 Dogon , 106 - 112 M icromega,\', 113 among Druids , 185 Miller , William , 26 , 27 I Iomeric composition , 153 - 154 r..finton , Saskatchewan , medicine wheel Ovid , Sirius observed by , 97 - 98 near