r TRANSACTIONS OF THE HISTORIC SOCIETY OF LANCASHIRE AND CHESHIRE. VOLUME X. SESSION 1857-58. LONDON: J. H. PARKER, 377, STRAND. 1858. 7 This Volume has been edited by the Assistant Secretary, under the direction of the Council". The writers of Papers, however, are alone responsible for the facts and opinions contained in their respective communications. *./.., , - ;- DIRECTIONS TO THE BINDER. TO FAOK PAGE PLATE I. Map of Lancashire and Cheshire .................................... 1 II. Antiquities from Kertoh ................................................ <">' > Ilf. Azimuth Card for the Latitude of Liverpool ..................... Ill IV. El Sakhra .................................................................. 131 V. Antiquities from Maoon ................................................ lt>5 VI. Ditto Ditto ..................... .......................... 167 VII. Further Memorials of Swale .......................................... 169 VIII. Icehergs in the Southern Ocean....................................... 239 I.. Human Skull from Wallasey Pool... ................................. 265 X. Skull of Bos Longifrons from Ditto ................................. 267 XL Diptych of Clementinus ................................................ 278 XIL Fall of the Rebellious Angels.......................................... 280 XIII. Christ returning to his Parents ....................................... 281 XIV. The Triumph of Scipio ................................................ ibid' XV. The Great Altai-piece of St. Bavon ................................. 285 XVI. Virgo Sapientissima...................................................... ibid XVII. The Misers ............................................................... ibid XVIII. King Charles the First on Horseback .............................. 886 XIX. The Testament of Eudamidas ....................................... 287 XX. Portrait of Richard the Second....................................... ibid XXI. Queen Elizabeth's Progress to Hunsdon House .................. 288 XXII. The Five Saints ......................................................... 297 XXIII. Pressed Leather Chair of the Eighteenth Century............... 303 XXIV. Enamelled Ewer and Basin, and Filagree Reliquary............ 304 XXV. Cawed Wooden Throne of a Venetian Doge ..................... 305 XXVI. Enamelled Ciborium .................................................. 306 XXVII. Ivory Sword-handle, and Situla....................................... 307 XXVIII. Embroidered Cope of the Fourteenth Century .................. ibid XXIX. Chinese Porcelain ...................................................... 308 EXPLANATOEY NOTE. Plates I, II, IV, V, VI and VII have been prepared by direction of the Council, at the expense of the Society, as have also plates IX and X, from photographs taken by Mr. Cauty. Plate III was lent by Mr. Rundell, by whom it was engraved; plate IX by Mr. Towson; eleven of the wood engravings illustrative of Mr. Scharf's Paper were lent by Mr. Murray of Alhemarle Street; seven others by the Messrs. Day of Gate Street; and the remaining one by Messrs. Bosworth and Harrison of Regent Street, London. ERRATUM. Explanatory Note.-For <* Plate IX by Mr. Towson," read, " Plate VIII- COUNCIL AND OFFICERS FOR 1857-58. ^resftrcnl. Major-General The Hon. Sir PJDWARD COST, K.C.H., D.C.L., F.R.S., Leasowe Castle. Ex OFFICIIS. ELECTED. The MAYOR OF LIVERPOOL. JOHN T. D4N80N, F.S.S. The HIQH SHERIFF OF LANCASHIRE. EDWARD HEATH, Esq. The HIGH SHERIFF OF CHESHIRE. The Bev. J. S. HOWSON, M.A. Sectional .premiers * of Council. ARCH/EOLOGY. LITERATURE. SCIENCE. W. BLACKMORE, Esq. H. A. BIIIOHT, B.A. WILLIAM BEAN, Esq. A. C. GIBSON, Esq. DAVID BUXTON, M.E.S.L. G. M. BROWNE, Esq. G. GHAZEBROOK, Esq. WILLIAM BURKE, Esq. T. DAWSON, Esq. JOHN G. JACOB, Esq. JOHN F. MARSH, Esq. J. HARTNCP, F.H.A.S. P. MACINTYRE, M.D. ALBERT J. MOTT, Esq. T. SANSOM, A.L.S., F.B.S.E. PETEB B. MoQoiE, Esq. JAMES STEAINS, Esq. J. T. TOWSON, F.E.G.S. IMfcrartan. Bev. THOMAS MOORE, M.A., 65, Oxford Street, Liverpool. Curator. JOSEPH MAYER, F.S.A., M.E.Aeiat.S., F.B.S., &c., 68, Lord Street, Liverpool. treasurer. THOMAS AVISON, F.S.A., 16, Cook Street, Liverpool. 3|on. Secretary. Bev. A. HCME, D.C.L., LL.D., F.S.A., 24, Clarence Street, Everton. Assistant Secretars. J. H. GENN, Esq. * In accordance with Law XX, the Council added the three elected Vice-Presidents to all the Sectional Committees. IT- [Papers marked thus * are illustrated. Those marked thus + haw been abridged.] PAGE. '* On the Population of Lancashire and Cheshire, and its local distribu­ tion during the Fifty Years 1801-51. By J. T. Danson, V.P., and T. A. Welton, Esqrs............................................................ 1 ^Our Mother-tongue in our Father-land. By David Buxton, M.R.S.L... 37 ^Further remarks on the History of the two Counties, and its materials. By John Robson, M.D.......................................................... 47 * On the so-called Anglo-Saxon Antiquities discovered near Kertch, in the Crimea, By C. Roach Smith, Esq., in a letter to Joseph Mayer, Esq........................................................................ 69 v Notes on the Classification of Human Knowledge, with especial re­ ference to the methods which have heen adopted, or proposed, for the Arrangement or Cataloguing of Libraries. By Edward Edwards, Esq.................................................................... 01 f'Ancient Customs and Superstitions in Cumberland. By A. Craig Gibson, Esq....................................................................... 97 '* Azimuth Card for the Latitude of Liverpool. By W. W. Rundell, Esq. Ill ». On the Lepidopterous Insects of the Districts around Liverpool. By Mr. Charles Stuart Gregson ................................................ L13 "'* El Sakhra. By Major-General The Hon. Sir Edward Oust, D.C.L., &c., President........................................................................... 131 "'"On the Flora of Preston and its neighbourhood. By Mr. Charles Joseph Ashfield ........................................................................... 143 ^* Description of some Antiquites from Macon, in the South of France. By Mr. H. Ecroyd Smith...................................................... 165 Further Memorials of the late J. H. Swale. By T. T. Wilkinson, F.R.A.S., &c. ..................................................................... 169 A Historical Sketch of Photography. By Charles Corey, Esq............ 183 n the Geology of the Fylde District. By the Rev. W. Thornher, B.A. 187 On the Dipterous Insects of the district around Liverpool. By the Rev. H. H. Higgins, M.A............................................................ 199 Notes on tlie Buslingthorpe Brass. By the Rev. John Sansom, B A... 203 On Slavery as it existed in England dnriug the Saxon Era, and the substitution of Villenage after the Norman Conquest, until its gradual extinction. By Joseph Wright, Esq ........................... 207 On the Solar Eclipse of March 15th, 1858, as seen at Burnley. By T. T. Wilkinson, F.R.A.S., &c. ............................................. 231 >**On the Solar Eclipse of March 15th, 1858, as seen near Oxford. By J. T. Towson, F.R.G.S., and T. Sansom, A.L.S. ........................ 233 H/Icebergs in the Southern Ocean. By J. T. Towson, F.R.G.S............. 239 f On the Microscope as applied to Natural History. By Thomas Sansom, A.L.S., F.B.S.E. ............................................................... 255 ' * Notice of Mammalian Remains discovered in the excavations at Wullasey for the Birkenhead new docks. By Mr. Thomas J. Moors, Keeper of the Derby Museum, Liverpool. ..................... 205 * On the Manchester Art Treasures' Exhibition, 1857. By George Scharf, Jun., F.S.A., &o. ...................................................... 269 List of Members ..................................................................... ix Proceedings, Tenth Session, 1857-58 ............................................. 333 Report presented at Annual Meeting............................................. 333 Treasurer's Balance Sheet ......................................................... 334 | Further Discovery of Remains at the Roman Station, Walton-le-Dale. By Charles Hardwick, Esq ................................................... 352 Appendix. Extra Meeting: Conversazione at Mr. Mayor's Museum ......... 355 Special General Meetings: Union with the Photographic Society, and alteration of law xvi. 355 Completion of Union with the Photographic Society ............... 355 Excursion to Chester......................................................... 857 LIST OF MEMBERS. SESSION X, 1857-8. The first List was dated 23rd November, 1848; all whose names appeared in it, are therefore Original Members. Those who have been enrolled as Mayors or Sheriffs have their year of office attached. The letter P denotes tlyit the Members in connexion with whose names it occurs, have read Papers before the Society. Those whose names are printed in SMALL CAPITALS are Members of the Council; and iu italics are Life Members. Those marked thus * are Resident. The post town Liverpool is usually omitted. 23rd Nov., 1848. Ainslie, Montague, Grizedale, Hawkshead, Lancashire. 6th Dec., 1855. Allcard, William, 43, Upper Brooke street, Grosvenor square, London. 18th Sept., 1854. *Allport, William, 11, Dale street. 10th Feb., 1853. *Anderson, Robert Worrall, 23, Falkner square. 17th Dec., 1857. *Anderson, Thomas Darnley, 5, India